Mitundu ya mapiri dziko lathu

Kwa zaka zambiri, anthu osangalatsidwa ndi chodabwitsa kuphulitsa mapiri. Amaonedwa kukhala zolengedwa kwambiri sizimadziwika zachilengedwe. Nthawi zina matalala popanda kuchititsa aliyense chidwi, zina wodzazidwa ndi onse Mzere uthenga ndi zayamba kusintha njira chikhalidwe cha moyo wa anthu wamba, mapiri ndi chinthu zedi, nthawi kudzikumbutsa. Pa kodi mitundu ya mapiri, ndipo ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Ndi chiyani icho?

Kodi ndi phiri? mawu inayambira wakale nthano za Chiroma - ndi dzina la gulu Roma ankavala mbuye moto mulungu Vulcan. Agiriki, izo limafanana ndi wosula mulungu Hephaestus.

Kuyambira mfundo za sayansi view ya phiri - ndi tectonic cholakwika mwa pamwamba pa matanthwe a pansi padziko, kuwapangitsa chiphalaphala, yomwe ili pakati pa kutumphuka ndi pakati zimaonekera. Mu kuwombana ndi chilengedwe cha chiphalaphala popangidwa ndi chiphalaphala chotentha ndi mpweya umene anamasulidwa fumarole wa - mabowo pa phiri Chigwa ndi mozungulira icho. Kuphulika phulusa limodzi ndi kutuluka mu mlengalenga. Akamazizira, Chiphalachi ikamauma, kotero chikhalidwe cha miyala mozungulira mapiri amasiyana ndi chikhalidwe cha dongosolo zina thanthwe.

Kuyeza mphamvu ya zotupa za ntchito sikelo wapadera wa VEI (Eng Ziphala Explosivity Index.) - chiphala explosivity index. Scale amayankha lililonse kuphulika mfundo ziro asanu ndi atatu, zochokera kutalika kwa phulusa-mzati ndi chiwerengero cha phulusa ejected.

mitundu ya mapiri

Mitundu ya mapiri anasiyanitsidwa ndi zosiyanasiyana muyezo. Losavuta ndi ambiri gulu zachokera i ntchito. Choncho olekanitsidwa:

1. Yogwira mapiri, monga anthu asanaphulike kuti ndi magwero odalirika mbiri.
2. mapiri matalala ndi sachita mu nthawi zakale nthawi, koma kuphulika amene zasayansi Nkosatheka.
3. mapiri zinatha, kuphulika ndi sizingatheke.

Komanso mitundu ya kuphulika, potengera mawonekedwe awo, khalidwe la phirilo liphulike, mtundu Chigwa ndi zina zotero. Pali matope mapiri, kumene m'malo chiphalaphala ili dothi pamwamba ndi methane, ndi m'madzi ili pansi pa nyanja.

mapiri yogwira

Aliyense kuphulika ndi chochitika kwambiri ndipo amakopa chidwi cha ofalitsa ambiri. Zinatha ndi yogwira mapiri kukopa chidwi asayansi ndi ya alendo ndi mbali ya zosangalatsa kwambiri.

Pakati pa mapiri achangu angatchedwe phiri Merapi ku Indonesia, Eyjafjallajokull ku Iceland, phiri la Mauna Loa ku Hawaii, ndi Philippines aakulu, Fuego ndi Santa Maria mu Guatemala, Sakurajima ku Japan, ndi ena ambiri. Wotchuka ndinalandira Sicilian kuphulika Phiri Etna, Vesuvius, Naples, Pompeii zinabweretsa imfa, komanso Fuji, watchulidwa mu chikhalidwe Japanese.

Tikumbukenso, ndi Kilimanjaro - phiri lalitali kwambiri dziko ndi chimbuzi mu Africa, yomwe ili kum'mawa m'dzikoli. Kilimanjaro si panopa kuti umenewu ndi zinatha kuphulika, ngakhale alinso yogwira silidziŵika.

Volcano Mountain

mapiri zinatha a dziko, mndandanda wa zomwe Likadali lodzaza toyesa chidwi mu mabwalo lonse nthawi zambiri amaona phiri wamba. kuphulika awo zinachitika mu nthawi ya mbiri isanayambe, koma, malinga ndi ganizo la sayansi, chingachitike ngakhale kuti ndi Mwina yaing'ono. Komabe, kuwerengera Mwina izi sizingatheke, kanjedza iliyonse pa nkhani imeneyi, mulibe mfundo zikuluzikulu.

Pakati wotchuka mapiri zinatha tingaone:

• Ararati - ndi phiri kum'mawa Turkey, mbali ya dongosolo phiri la mapiri ku Armenia. Iwo ali cones awiri, amene ayitanidwa Wamkulu ndi Wamng'ono Ararati. Large Ararati imodzi ndi yayikulu pachimake yachonde.
• Aconcagua - apamwamba zinatha kuphulika mu dziko. Pa nthawi yomweyo ndi chimbuzi cha America (onse North ndi South) ndi chimbuzi ku West ndi a Southern lapansi.
• Elbrus - malo ambiri amanena kuti ndi phiri lomwe zinatha. Elbrus lili kumpoto Wamkulu. Caucasus Mapiri ndipo chimbuzi cha Russia.
• Kazbek - kuphulika la kum'mawa cha ku Central Caucasus, ili m'malire a Russia ndi Georgia.
• Karadag - migodi chiphala massif mu Crimea. Dzinali limatanthauza "wakuda phiri". Karadag ali zimaphala angapo ndipo fumaroles zii.

Izi wotchuka zinatha mapiri mu dziko. mndandanda akupitiriza mapiri ena ambiri, amene chikhalidwe cha osawerengeka.

Kugona kapena kubisala?

The Volcanology anaganiza kuti ngati m'mbuyomu zaka 100 000 phiri Sichinatsitsidwe linaphulika ngakhale kamodzi, akugona. Akatswiri ena kuwatcha iwo supervolcano. Zimenezi zochokera chakuti mapiri matalala a dziko pang'ono kufufuza, koma ndi zinadzala ndi zotupa moti yaikulu yomwe mosavuta kuwononga mbali yaikulu ya zamoyo zonse padziko lapansili.

Pomaliza

Ambiri, zinatha, yogwira ndi matalala mapiri, pali zambiri. Asayansi aukitsa kwambiri ya nkhani za chiwerengero chenicheni. chiwerengero siyana kuchokera 500 mpaka 1700, malingana ndi mfundo zosiyanasiyana za maganizo, mfundo imene olekanitsidwa mitundu mapiri. Mulimonsemo, palibe angatsutse kuti mapiri mbali yofunika kwambiri mu moyo wa munthu, zokopa alendo, chikhalidwe, anthu, nthano. Ndipo nthawizina iwo kukhala zinthu masoka achilengedwe, kumene mwina chimakhudza miyoyo ya anthu.