Ndiwofatsa - ndani izi? kutanthauza

Nthawi zonse mu dziko lirilonse muli osiyana, maganizo zina zikuchepa divergent Pa nkhani yomweyi, mwambo kapena chiphunzitso chilichonse. Monga thupi limodzi mbali anapanga gulu, amene kulimbana ndi mzake ndi zinthu, kenako mapangidwe aliyense kuti kusintha ndi kupita chitsogolo.

Umodzi wa monyanyira

Mwamtheradi zonse, pali maganizo osiyana, conservatism si zosiyana. Otsutsa, amene mawu pafupifupi achipongwe, khulupirirani kudzipereka kwake fupa lonse ndi achikale, fufuzani pa patsogolo, ndipo m'malo mwake - a chizolowezi, ndi reactionary, munthu wa sukulu yakale ndi oipa. Othandiza amadziona osamalira nkhani za miyambo ndi wauzimu, chikhalidwe dongosolo la dziko. Ndiwofatsa - ndi, poyamba pa zonse, otsutsana a chosintha ndi, wochirikiza patsogolo pang'onopang'ono pamaziko a chitetezo zimatheka.

Zikamera ndi maganizo

The etymology mawu, kutanthauza kudzipereka maganizo ndi mfundo zamakhalidwe abwino, amatumiza ofufuza ku French nauni conservatisme, lomwe linachokera ku Latin mneni Conservo, kutanthauza "kusunga ndalama." Monga akuti limanenedwa ndi maganizo ena, icho poyamba ntchito ndi wolemba French, woimira romanticism, Fransua Mnazareti de A Chateaubriand, amene anayamba kufalitsa magazini pansi pa dzina chomwecho kuyambira 1818. The magaziniyo "ndiwofatsa" yofotokoza osati maganizo a magulu a anthu osankhika a anthu ang'onoang'ono, ndi zaluso chosintha chosakhutitsidwa, koma choyamba, pabwino conservatism monga mosavuta kwathunthu dongosolo worldview ndi maganizo ena a dziko lapansi, ozikidwa pa chilakolako anthu ziziyenda, kulimbikitsa ndi kusunga mwachizolowezi malo.

Ndiwofatsa - osati nthawi zonse reactionary

Luso kusunga, monga, sangakhale chirichonse cholakwika. Chifukwa chitetezo cha anthu, pali miyambo, kukumbukira makolo ndi mbiri ya mayiko ndi dziko lonse. Mu tanthauzo lenileni la mawu Tory - munthu amene akudziwa kuti palibe tsogolo ngati palibepo m'mbuyomu. Anthu amenewa amakhala osamala, koma osati chifukwa chakuti iwo anatenga kudana onse atsopano. Koma nthawi zonse ndipo kulikonse, pali kwambiri - ndi kukhala alonda a miyambo, chabwino, mu "Okhulupirira Old", pa zikachitika - mu obscurantists lapansi. Akuti kunena za gulu la anthu amakhala ndi makhalidwe oipa ndipo dzina banja. Ndipo, ndiye, ngakhale munthu wamba, ndi adherent wa wabwinobwino, chifukwa chikhalidwe, momwe mwambo wa moyo, sititenga parades gay oyambitsa "ndiwofatsa." Palibe muyeso. olamulirawo izi. Kapena matenda omwe anthu adzakhala atadwala ndi apitiriza kulimbikitsa mwachidwi m'tsogolo, ndi mu kapangidwe kake, monga nthawi zonse ali, osiyana, anyamata, ananena mwamphamvu ndi maganizo mzake ndi ziphunzitso.

A dongosolo ena a maganizo

Dongosolo maganizo wotchedwa conservatism anatuluka ngati yankho osati French kuukira boma, ndi kuchuluka yaikulu magazi okhetsedwa ndi izo. The zaka 1792-1794 mu mbiri ya dziko lotchedwa zaka chodabwitsa. Ie maganizo azimuth otchedwa conservatism anatuluka monga masoka zoteteza zimene anthu, omwe anaona mmene mu nawo khamu misala udzapereka mfumu choyamba, kenako za anthu, chifukwa iye upandu. Pankhaniyi, ndi ndiwofatsa - munthu amene anali kumbali ya makhalidwe, anayesedwa ndipo anasonyeza nthawi yawo mtengo, m'munsi mwa omwe - lamulo ndi kupita patsogolo chikhalidwe cha anthu.

chipani tsiku lobadwa

dongosolo amayang'ana pa zochita za anthu wotchuka kwambiri nthawi imeneyo anapanga kuphwandoko ndi mphamvu m'mayiko ambiri ku Ulaya kuyambira nthawi ya Kukonzanso, ndicho, pambuyo kubwezeretsedwa kwa Bourbon boma - zaka 1814-1830. Koma mu England, chipani amene akulalikira mfundo zimenezi, anabadwa cha m'ma XVII, pamene anaukitsidwa ake, pambuyo Cromwell. Ndipo iye akutchedwa "Tory" ndipo mu 1832 pa kanthu yake, anadzatchedwa "ndiwofatsa." Pa nthawi ya penipeni, chipani anali za chikhalidwe mwapang'onopang'ono, monga kumenyana obscurantism achipembedzo - lamulo la "mfiti kusakasaka" chinathetsedwa mu 1677 (ngakhale izo zinachitika ndi nawo yogwira za "Whig" kapena Democrats). Pankhaniyi akhale chitsanzo cha zimene ndiwofatsa - membala wa chipani, amene anathandiza luso pang'onopang'ono.

nthawi zina anthuwa

Ena mafunso anthu espousing maganizo ndiwofatsa simuli mbali ya patsogolo, koma ndi moyo wodzimana. Ndi zimenezi n'cholinga banja chikhalidwe ndi chipembedzo. Monga tanena koyenera kuteteza mfundo ndiwofatsa, nthawi anayesedwa. Ngakhale thandizo yaikulu ya kulimbana ndi Chikhristu, kanema wa maliseche, opusa, wosakongola loteteza ufulu wa akazi anadula ndi agogoda mtanda, chifukwa, amakonda kunyansidwa. Ndipo mu nkhani iyi makamaka ndiwofatsa - munthu amene ali otsimikiza kuti anakwiya kwambiri ndi zimene zikuchitika ndipo itanani zokumbira zokumbira, chifukwa chakuti wake - simungathe aphulitsa mpingo ndi kugwetsa mitanda. Mwatsoka, chinthu choterocho mu nthawi yathu kumafuna kulimba mtima makamaka - onse amene anadutsa, anasiya ndipo sanaime ndi wogwidwa ndi ziwanda. Choncho mbani osafuna kusintha amene, monga ulamuliro, mwamphamvu kutsutsa ngati chochititsa manyazi ndi chopusa zachiwawa ndi ochepa makani? Nthawi zina, anthu otchuka ndi moyo wodzimana. A "mwapang'onopang'ono" Gululi masomphenya yamakono ya ubale wa anthu kuwasandutsa obscurantists ndi parades awo onse amafanana si holide, ndi akale kuyatsa ampatuko. Monga amadziwika, anthu akufotokozera mu mwauzimu ndi. Choncho, mfundo zambiri chinthu mwapang'onopang'ono, chinachake regressive. Ndipo pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana kuti "Kodi osafuna kusintha," m'njira zambiri zikhoza anayankha.

Single-mizu kutchuka akuti "kusamala"

Mawu akuti, kutanthauza chitetezo, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku - kusiya kumanga kuti popititsa bwino kwambiri malangizo, chirengedwe m'matangadza njira, mitsuko luso kwa chitetezo dzimbiri kwa ambiri m'madera, ndipo kenako ndi chiyani bwino kuti banja lirilonse mu CIS - mankhwala kukonzekera yozizira. Zonsezi amatchedwa motetezera. Funso la "ndiwofatsa - ndichiyani?" Baffling. "Chiyani?" Limawatcha chithandizo kwa chinthu zopanda moyo, ndipo pali mwachionekere ankanena kuti zisawonongeke ndi. Pankhaniyi angatchedwe chinthu utithandize chitetezo, mwachitsanzo viniga. Mawu akuti "kusamala" akhoza kumatanthauza kuchotsa kupereka madalitso ena kuti nzotheka mu nthawi yabwino ndi saloledwa m'mavuto. Ie kuteteza Tingaone monga kuyimitsidwa pa mtsinje kupulumutsa. Kusamalira anapeza miyala ya zachilengedwe. zifukwa zosiyana. Nthawi zambiri opanda pake chitukuko - palibe makomo, kuya, etc. Nthawi zina abuluke ku dziko ya chuma m'tsogolo ... Ndipo mu nkhani iyi, ndi funso la "ndiwofatsa - amene ali" Inu kuyankha kuti ndi munthu, kuphika ubwino wa mibadwo ya m'tsogolo.