Mzinda wa Uzbekistan - Kokand

Gawo lamakono la Uzbekistan lili pamsewu wa njira zamalonda zamakono zogwirizana ndi Far East ndi Near East ndi Europe. Choncho, n'zosadabwitsa kuti pakati pa mizinda yake muli midzi yakale yambiri yomwe inkadziwika ku Roma. Masiku ano, Kokand ku Uzbekistan ndi imodzi mwa midzi imeneyi, yomwe mbiri yake imabwerera kale. Kamodzi pa nthawiyi mzindawu unali ndi malo akuluakulu.

Kokand mumzinda wa Uzbekistan

Panthaŵi ya Soviet, nyengo zingapo za zofukulidwa pansi zinkachitika kugawo la Kokand, chifukwa cha makoma akalekale ndi maziko a nyumba zazikulu kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 1100 AD anapezedwa. E.

Koma asayansi samachepetsa mbiriyakale ya mzindawo pokhapokha nthawiyi, amawoneka mozama. Poganizira kuti kuthekera kwawo kunaonekera pakati pa otchedwa Sokh oasis, zikhoza kuganiza kuti kale mu Vll century BC. E kugawo la Kokand panali malo osatha a alimi akale amene anamanga zipangizo zapadera zaulimi kuti azithirira minda yawo.

Pambuyo pake maumboni a mzindawo amapezeka m'mabuku a anthu achiarabu amene amafotokoza mzinda womwe uli ndi malo ofanana ndi Kokand. Mu zilembo zachiarabu, amatchedwa Khovakend kapena Khokand.

Oyenda ndi amalonda a ku Arabhu sakanakhoza kuphonya mzindawu, monga unali pamsewu wamalonda pakati pa India, China ndi Persia.

Chigawo cha Fergana

Chikhalidwe chonse cha Uzbekistan ndi Kokand makamaka chimadziwika ndi kutchulidwa kwa nyengo kwa nyengo komanso dziko lonse lapansi. Muzochitika zotero, kusowa kwa ulimi wothirira kumafuna nthawi zonse kugwira ntchito yothirira minda, popanda yomwe palibe anthu omwe angapulumutsidwe.

Chifukwa chaichi, dera la Fergana ndi malo apadera pa mapu a Uzbekistan, mzinda waukulu kwambiri womwe uli Kokand. Komabe, malo oyang'anira ntchito ndi mzinda wa Fergana.

Chigawo cha Fergana chimasiyana ndi madera ena a Uzbekistan ndi nyengo yofatsa, mpweya wochiritsira woyera. Ngakhale kuti mvula imakhala yochepa kwambiri ngati m'madera ena a dzikoli, chigwa cha Fergana chimapangitsa kuti ulimi ukhale wabwino kwambiri, chifukwa umatetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira, monga yomwe imauma nthaka mu Tashkent oasis.

Kuwonjezera apo, derali liri ndi zowonjezera madzi a Syr Darya, Isfayramsy, Isfara ndi Sokh mitsinje, yomwe kwa zaka mazana ambiri ikulola alimi akumidzi kukula pamba ndi masamba osiyanasiyana.

Economy ya Kokand

Uzbekistan imakhala yachinayi pa dziko lonse ponena za nkhokwe za golidi, ndipo chachisanu ndi chiŵiri pambali ya kuchuluka kwa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zopangidwa chaka chilichonse. Komabe, chithandizo chenicheni cha chuma cha Uzbekistan chimaonedwa kuti ndi ulimi, zomwe zikukula m'dzikoli, ngakhale mavuto onse a nyengo.

Kuchokera ku chuma chomwe chinakonzedweratu cha USSR, Uzbekistan adalandira ulimi wodalirika kwambiri, womwe makamaka unapanga kupanga kamba, komwe nthawi ya Soviet inakhala mtundu umodzi.

Komabe, pambuyo pa kugwa kwa Soviet Union mu ulimi, kunali njira zofulumira zowonjezera poyambitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yopanga. Madera ambiri afesedwa ndi tirigu, zomwe zokolola zake, chifukwa cha kukolola kwabwino, zawonjezeka kwambiri chaka ndi chaka.

Ndipo ndithudi, panthawi ya ufulu wodzipereka, chiwerengero cha opanga okha akukula, chomwe chikuyesetsa kuti chikhutiro cha ogulitsa chikupezeka pamsika wa Uzbekistan. Kokand Mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsa ntchito kasitoni ndikupanga zakudya.

Mbiri yakalekale ya chikoloni

Asanakhale mbali ya Ufumu wa Russia, dziko la Uzbekistan ndi Kokand la masiku ano linali lodziimira ndipo linakana kwambiri asilikali a Russia. Nkhondo yoyamba pakati pa Kokand Khanate, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pandale ndi mzinda wa Kokand, ndipo ufumu wa Russia unachitika mu 1850 pamene magulu awiri ankhondo analowa m'dera la Khanate.

Nkhondo ndi boma inachotsedwa pakatikati pa Russia, yomwe ili ndi mndandanda wa zipolowe zankhondo, idatha zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, ndipo zotsatira zake zinali chizindikiro cha mgwirizano wamalonda umene khanate, ndipo ali ndi emirate ya Bukhara, yomwe idasandulika kukhala dziko likudalira Russia.

Mzinda wa Kokand ku Uzbekistan uli ndi udindo wapadera, womwe ukufotokozedwa makamaka pa chitukuko chachikulu cha malonda ndi makampani ambiri ogwira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ku Kokand pali Railway Administration of Fergana, ngakhale kuti Fergana ikuwoneka ngati malo oyang'anira.

Zamakono za Uzbekistan

Kokand, pokhala umodzi mwa mizinda yakale kwambiri ya dzikoli, amakopa alendo ambiri ochokera ku Ulaya, Russia ndi Far East, makamaka ochokera ku China. Komabe, choyamba, alendowa safuna chidwi ndi kafukufuku wofukulidwa m'mabwinja akale, komabe m'zaka zapitazo za Kokand Khanate ndi nthawi ya Soviet, popeza nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Uzbekistan ndi yopanda chidwi.

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri mumzindawu ndi nyumba ya Khudoyar Khan, yomwe inasaina pangano laukapolo ndi Ufumu wa Russia, moteronso kuthetsa ufulu wa boma lake.

Nyumba yachifumuyi ndi chiwonetsero chokhala ndi mbiri yabwino komanso chidziwitso, ndipo amaganiza kuti apambana nyumba zonse zachikatolika zomwe zinamangidwa patsogolo pa kukongola kwake. Komabe, kumanga kwake kunatsirizidwa patatha zaka zisanu chigonjetso cha Kokand, ndipo nyumba yachifumuyo inangokhala chiwonetsero cha nthawi yomweyi.