Meninjaitisi ku sukulu ya mkaka: momwe iwo kachilomboko, momwe mungapewere matenda?

Meninjaitisi otchedwa woopsa matenda komwe kutupa poyera ubongo ndi msana. Amatchedwa matenda ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono chimodzi kapena zingapo, kungakhale HIV kapena bakiteriya, bowa.

Kuonetsetsa meninjaitisi chachikulu, kumene matendawa ndi wodziimira mawonekedwe ndi ingayambe ndi HIV kapena mabakiteriya (makamaka meningococcus kapena Haemophilus influenzae). Kawirikawiri amadwala ana, achinyamata, achikulire. Palinso matenda oumitsa khosi sekondale, zomwe ziribe obwera ndi ukalamba kusiyana. Zimachitika monga vuto la matenda tizilombo (chikuku, varicella, mumps, chikuku) kapena purulent (otitis, sinusitis, sepsis). Meninjaitisi ku sukulu ya mkaka - njira yaikulu, ndipo kawiri kawiri zambiri amayamba ndi kanthu koposa meningococcus lapansi. meninjaitisi Meningococcal ndi mtundu wa matenda.

Kodi matenda meningococcal?

Matendawa amayamba ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chimene kugwa kuchokera amapatsirana ndi m'malovu airborne. bakiteriya Izi kwambiri opatsirana, koma mofulumira kufa mu mlengalenga ozizira, kotero pakutchulidwa cha kubuka zotheka kudzera pafupi kapena anthu amene ali m'nyumba ofunda.

80% milandu meninjaitisi chachikulu chikugwirizana ndi meningococcus, ndi mitundu aakulu zimachitika nthawi ana kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi wa moyo (ana miyezi 6-10 kutetezedwa mabakiteriya chitetezo akuchikazi) kapena achinyamata chifukwa chakuti iwo analibe nthawi kukhala asanazolowere izo . Choncho, kakhosi meningococcal ali akutchedwa "meninjaitisi ana" (zisanafike chifukwa infectiousness otchedwa mliri cerebrospinal).

Chaka chilichonse, pali milandu munthu matenda meningococcal, ndiye analemba meningococcal gulu B. Koma kamodzi pa zaka zitatu kapena zinayi pali meninjaitisi inayamba chifukwa cha meningococcal gulu A miliri zambiri mumaziona mu dzinja ndi masika, amene chikugwirizana ndi ambiri kuchepa chitetezo chokwanira pa nthawi, ndiponso kuti nthawi ino ya chaka, ana nkomwe kuyenda ndipo mu chipinda.

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana za matenda meningococcal. The owopsa a iwo mawu a infectiousness:

- ophimba, pamene munthu mukumva kudwala nthawi yomweyo mwachangu mu masabata 2-4 mabakiteriya airborne;

- meningococcal nasopharyngitis, amene n'zosavuta kunyamula, nthawi zambiri osati matenda, monga ofanana za tsiku ndi SARS.

Mitundu ina ya matenda akupha. Iwo oumitsa khosi (kapena meningoencephalitis) ndi meningococcal septicemia (meningococcemia). Meninjaitisi ku sukulu ya mkaka, chifukwa cha bakiteriya si uyenda kuchokela totupa, kotero kuti sayenera kudikira maonekedwe ake. Komanso pakutchulidwa ya totupa zachilendo ngakhale popanda zizindikiro ina ndi cholinga cha kuitana "ambulansi" (osati dokotala, ndizo "PITIRIRA ZITATU", monga nthawi zina mphambu amapita ku Mphindi).

Kodi meninjaitisi meningococcal?

Matendawa nthawi akuyamba bwinobwino, koma angathenso kupanga monga vuto la nasopharyngitis meningococcal, ndiye pambuyo pa kutentha thupi pang'ono, chimfine, zilonda zapakhosi ndi nkhawa. Zizindikiro choyamba - ndi mutu waukulu, umene umachitika nthawi imodzi ndi kuwuka mu kutentha kwa manambala mkulu. Tione kusanza (iye mobwerezabwereza, pambuyo kumakhala kosavuta), photophobia. Kuchuluka khungu kudziwa kukhudza ochiritsira (iwo amayamba chifukwa kusapeza). Meninjaitisi angathe mofulumira pamene kuoneka kwambiri mutu ndi makutu chikumbumtima amatenga maola okha 2-3, koma mukhoza kutenga malo pang'onopang'ono.

Chisokonezo zambiri zikuoneka ngati nyumba, umene umayenda mu somnolence, mwanayo amakhala ovuta kudzutsa. Nthawi zina chikhalidwe ichi yoyamba khunyu (yochepa ndi wautali ndi mkhutu chikumbumtima), nthawizina - chisangalalo ndi kupereŵera kwa mwanayo.

Totupa - osati mbali kuvomerezedwa. Ngati matenda meningococcal zinthu mopupuluma pafupifupi nthawi zonse ndi makhalidwe awa:

- mtundu mdima;

- plotnovata kwa kukhudza, zikuoneka kuti iwo protrude pamwamba pa khungu;

- amayamba kuoneka pa manja, mapazi, miyendo, manja, matako, thunthu ndi mutu - ndiye;

- mawonekedwe - pafupi ndi mawonekedwe a nyenyezi;

- akhale mbali ya necrosis;

- totupa sabwerera wotumbululuka pamene tikupitiriza ndi galasi kapena anatambasula khungu pansi.

Ngakhale palibe zizindikiro, monga zovuta kuzimvetsa totupa anaonekera pa maziko mkulu kutentha, ndipo si ofanana ndi matupi awo sagwirizana, ndi nthawi kuitana "ambulansi."

Kodi si kuti "nsomba" meninjaitisi ku sukulu ya mkaka?

100% ya matenda sangapulumutsidwe. Koma ngati mtima wa mwanayo, musaiwale za madyedwe njira ya mavitamini pa nyengo yozizira, nthawi yomweyo funsani Laura dokotala kapena matenda ngati chifuwa, ntchofu ndi zizindikiro zina SARS, n'zotheka kuteteza meningococcal nasopharyngeal kwinakwake zina. Ngati anapeza m'munda matenda meningococcal, m'pofunika kufunsa ndi matenda katswiri matenda za mankhwala prophylactic (mwina n'zomveka kupulumutsa mbewu kuti nasopharynx a). akulu onse mwambo zizindikiro za SARS pa mwanayo kuyenda mu maonekedwe a.

Amapatsa chopambana cha katemera ndi meningococcus, sipangakhalenso akuchita kwa ana okulirapo kuposa zaka ziwiri, pa zaka zitatu kapena zinayi (malingana katemera). Pambuyo katemerayu nthawi ankaona anachita m'dera ndi malungo pasanathe maola 36 (imakamba mapangidwe chitetezo chokwanira).

Makamaka wasonyeza katemera ana mavuto kobadwa nako ndi chapakati mantha dongosolo, ngati iwo ali mu sukulu ya mkaka meninjaitisi akufotokozera zambiri.