Mchere chovuta mu chikhalidwe

Iye anabadwa mu kuya kwa wofiira chimphona nyenyezi, ndi mbali ya mafuta zofunikira, amino zidulo ndi chakudya, akhoza kupanga mamiliyoni mankhwala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana mankhwala ndi malingana ndi kapangidwe ndi katundu osiyana kwambiri makina. Ofewa ndi Chimaona pensulo pachimake ndi diamondi ndi mchere chovuta anapeka nkhani yomweyo nyumba - mpweya. Zimene zimapanga daimondi kotero wapadera? Kumene ntchito? mtengo wake ndi chiyani?

wambawamba kutentha wochititsa

Tamasulira kuchokera ku Chigiriki mawu "diamondi" amatanthauza "sangagonjetsedwe". Ngakhale pamaso pa Kale anthu akadadziwa kwa durability zosaneneka za mwala. Kale, diamondi ambiri ankagulitsa India ndi Egypt. Ndipo pa malo a ku Ulaya, mchere izi zinali pamene misonkhano aukali Aleksandra Makedonskogo. Iye anabweretsa miyala monga zakale zamatsenga. Agiriki akale otchedwa izi chovuta mchere misozi ya milungu imene nagwa pansi.

Koma chinsinsi cha mwala invincibility mabodza, ndithudi, osati zongoganiza kapena mogwirizana ndi dziko lauzimu. The bwino latisi Kapangidwe amafotokozera mu mawonekedwe a tetrahedrons ndi mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa maatomu mpweya amatipatsa mphamvu apamwamba. Chifukwa dongosolo lomwelo la daimondi ndi wabwino kwambiri kutentha kondakitala. Mwachitsanzo, ngati nkutheka kuti supuni ya tiyi ya lonse chidutswa cha diamondi, inu sangathe kusonkhezera shuga mwa iye otentha tiyi, chifukwa izo awotchedwe yomweyo, mwamsanga pamene supuni Kodi akhudza kuwira madzi.

Kuyerekezera mchere kuuma

Kodi kudziwa mchere - chovuta? Funso limeneli linali m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, kumvetsa ndi luso German mineralogist Karl Fridrih Moos. Mu 1811, wasayansi adafotokoza ntchito kudziwa kuuma mchere zosiyanasiyana poyerekeza lonse. Amakhala ndi zinthu khumi, aliyense wa Chofanana ndi mchere ena. Woyamba (talc) - ndi chofewetsetsa, ndi yamasika, motero - kwambiri. Yotsimikiza ikuchitika experimentally. Ngati nyemba (mwachitsanzo, siliva) zikande fluorite, umene uli lonse ili pa mzere wachinayi, koma si kuonongeka pulasitala (lonse muyezo wa chiwiri), zikutanthauza kuti siliva ali ndi kuuma pa Mohs lonse 3.

Mchere chovuta - daimondi. Iwo ali malo chakhumi. Ngakhale tebulo Mohs linaperekedwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, komabe ambiri applicable. Komabe, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti tebulo si liniya. Izi zikutanthauza kuti diamondi, amene ali pansi chiwerengero khumi, kudzakhala ndendende kawiri kwambiri kuposa apatite, amene tithe chachisanu tebulo. Kudziwa ubwino wachilengedwe njira zina ntchito kuuma.

Mafumu ndi anthu ogwira ntchito

Kwa nthawi yaitali, diamondi anali wapadera amisiri zodzikongoletsera. Komabe, ndi chitukuko cha ichi makampani ndi gawo lovutitsitsa mchere kunadetsa anabwera kuti muwonekere osati kuchokera alipidwa zokongoletsa mbali, komanso ku mawonedwe a yake yapadera thupi katundu. Choyamba, kupanga zida ntchito diamondi zachilengedwe sangakhoze kudula. Ndi miyala zomwe zinali zosalongosoka kuti n'zosatheka kuthetsa jeweler. Iwo unadziwika ngati diamondi mafakitale.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, ndi kufunika zipangizo ndi diamondi kudula ndi wotopetsa m'mbali bwino. Mwachitsanzo, zomangamanga ndi otchuka kwambiri diamondi akufa pochita. ntchito zawo pa Akhristu, opangidwa kuchokera kasakaniza wazitsulo molimba zitsulo - kuti, pamene daimondi kubowola m'nkhaniyo musati kupanga microcracks. Diamondi mosavuta ndi mopanda kuwononga zachilengedwe amadula nkhani iliyonse, monga mwala, simenti kapena zitsulo. Ndipo pakalibe microcracks - chinsinsi moyo wautali dongosolo la. Komanso, ndondomeko ya ntchito amapita mofulumira kwambiri, zosavuta ndi zambiri phokoso.

Pa mfundo imeneyi, n'zosadabwitsa kuti, chimodzi chokha Russian deta kwa chaka 2016 kutulutsa mitundu 1,200 zipangizo zosiyanasiyana komanso zida, waukulu ntchito limene mbali ndi diamondi.

Ntchito mankhwala

Mchere chovuta mu chikhalidwe si oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pa matenda a mtengo waukali ndiponso mwakhama. Diamondi ndi yofunika kwambiri pa zida zamankhwala. Ndipotu n'kakang'ono ndi neater odulidwa minofu bwino thupi uzigwirizana ndi kubwezeretsedwa. Koma ntchito zovuta pa m'lifupi odulidwa ziwalo zofunika ndi onse kwambiri zambiri.

Komanso, scalpel ndi woonda diamondi filimu pa tsamba akhala lakuthwa kwa nthawi yaitali.

Chiyembekezo mu Electronics

Mwakhama chikusuntha ntchito diamondi Integrated madera. Mu diamondi timeneti ntchito gawo lapansi ndi. Zipangizo umatulutsa njira imeneyi ndi zambiri kugonjetsedwa ndi kusintha kutentha ndi spikes lalikulu voteji. Ngakhale diamondi angagwiritsidwe ntchito deta kufala mu kutumiza mauthenga. Katundu ndi timibulu awa angathe kupatsira chizindikiro cha mafurikwense osiyana imodzi pa chingwe chomwecho.

Mchere chovuta Padziko Lapansi amathandiza pa zokambiranazi danga

Monga kufunika diamondi makampani mankhwala a. Modzikhulupirira chilengedwe, amene mosavuta kumawononga galasi, izo mwamtheradi si mantha mwala. Sayansi ntchito timibulu kwa zatsopano mu kwadzidzidzi sayansi kufufuza malo.

Polenga kuwala telesikopu zofunika lolondola ndiponso kudalirika zipangizo amakhala ovuta. Apa m'pamene pamafunika ndi chovuta zachilengedwe mchere kuti ali kwambiri magawo thupi ndi mankhwala.

synthesizing diamondi

Zoterezi kufunika kwambiri mchere wapatali ndi gawo lovutitsitsa panali funso za synthesizing wake yokumba. Dziwani kuti palibe nkhokwe miyala akulephera kupeza zonse kuwonjezeka. Pambuyo zatsopano yaitali, asayansi anatha kulenga analogue ya diamondi zachilengedwe ali mbali zonse zofunikira. Chibwenzi, ulimi wa diamondi kupanga zolinga mafakitale ambiri amakonda ntchito.

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana synthesizing mchere izi. The choyamba - ndi pafupifupi kwambiri mapangidwe ake mu chilengedwe. Kaphatikizidwe pogwiritsa ntchito kopitilira muyeso-mkulu kutentha ndi mavuto aakulu. Yachiwiri njira amalola kuti wachotsa daimondi ku nthunzi ya. Izo ntchito sayansi filimu - galasi woonda filimu umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chida kudula m'mbali. Makamaka njira imeneyi likunenedwa mu kupanga zida opaleshoni. A lachitatu umabala kubalalika timibulu chabwino ntchito detonation ndi kuzirala mofulumira.

Zatsopano anali anapitiriza ndipo apanga boron nitride, lomwe ndi 20% kwambiri kuposa diamondi achilengedwe. Komabe, mpaka nkhaniyi ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri motero kuti daimondi ali kale kupitiriza kuganizira mchere chovuta.