Japan: The Alimi Kupanduka

Mu 1428 kugalukira zimafalikira mumzinda wa Kyoto ndi Nara, Miy. Kawachi, Izumi, Ise. Alimi anaukira nyumba ndi ofesi wobwereketsayo, opanga mpunga vinyo (cha) amenenso chinkhoswe mu katapira. Zipolowe anachitika m'madera ambiri a dziko, koma kaŵirikaŵiri kwambiri anayamba m'madera chuma chapakati. Part wa mpanduko ndi kunachitidwa ndi chofunika kuti apereke malamulo pa chiyembekezo chakuti ngongole, osati kwa asilikaliwo, komanso alimi. Zofuna anapangidwa chiyembekezo chakuti ntchito yokakamiza ntchito, mabala msonkho. Opandukawo kutsutsa mwankhanza wa ambuye ang'onoang'ono ndi akuluakulu.

yoweyula amenewa a zipolowe wamba anakhala zotheka chifukwa cha kuchuluka siyana mphamvu TH kugawikana ang'onoang'ono, chifukwa zigawenga tsopano akayang'anizananso osati lonse boma zida, ndi zina ambuye ang'onoang'ono, amene amakhala pa nkhondo wina ndi mzake. Japan: kupanduka kwa osawuka ndi ...

Zaka zana popeza mapeto a XV ndi cha m'ma XVI. Asayansi Japanese timawutcha "M'badwo wa chikumenyana States" ( "Sengoku Jidai"). Chifukwa cha nkhondo zapachiweniweni kwambiri abwanamkubwa nyumba anali wotayika, ndipo m'malo mwa nyumba zatsopano ang'onoang'ono.

cholowa lomaliza sanali apamwamba kuposa shugo, koma anali mu dera limodzi, ndi mwa iwo zotsalira za dongosolo m'deralo, ndi ubwenzi lennye m'manja inakhazikitsidwa ndi onse okhala mu ufumu wa ang'ono ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe ambuye ang'onoang'ono anali lithe. Choncho, umwini wa ambuye latsopano ang'onoang'ono (daimyo) anali kwambiri ndinapirira. Pa ufulu lathunthu la daimyo latsopano chifukwa chakuti iwo anayamba kukhazikitsa lamulo zawo.

Chifukwa chimodzi kuwuka kwake kayendedwe wamba mu XV ndi XVI zaka. anali kugwirizana kwa anthu wamba a m'madera lodzilamulira, amene chosinthana kupereka zochuluka msonkho kwa ambuye ang'onoang'ono anapatsidwa yabwino yothetsera zochita zawo mkati zokhudza ntchito dziko, kugawa anthu a misonkho dera ndi ntchito, dongosolo anthu. m'midzi yambiri panthawiyo waika awo malamulo olembedwa. zofunika anali kuthetsa msonkhano wamkulu wa anthu onse a m'mudzi, pa kuchizemba nawo izo chindapusa.

Pankhani ya zochita ndi ambuye ndi ang'onoang'ono kapena akuluakulu awo, wobwereketsayo wamba anasonkhana pa kachisi m'derali ndipo analumbira mbali konsekonse mu mawu. Ngakhale amatanthauza wamba zolakwa - "ikki" Poyamba tanthauzo la "gulu la chithandizo mwagwirizana" anagwidwa kuukira ndendende chifukwa chotenga mbali mu mabungwe amenewa. Koma pamapeto chimodzi mwa zifukwa pa kugonjetsedwa kwa zipolowe wamba anali kusagwirizana zofuna za alimi m'maboma ndi m'midzi.

Japan: m'mphawi kugalukira