Mayiko kadi: mitundu, momwe kupeza ndi ntchito

Lero, magombe Russian amapereka malangizo osiyanasiyana a makadi pulasitiki. Ena a iwo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu dziko, pamene ena - kunja. Mayiko kadi amavomerezedwa misonkhano malipiro anatumikira mu malo ndi ATMs kulikonse mu dziko.

A mbiri pang'ono

Choyamba banki analogues khadi anaonekera mu 1914 ku New York. Kenako chikalata makadi zikatoni ndi ntchito kutsimikizira solvency makasitomala a. zaka 14 pambuyo pa cholinga chomwecho zitsulo anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito, umene automate processing zambiri. Woyamba misa dongosolo malipiro unayamba mu 1949 pansi pa utsogoleri wa Kudya Club. Ilo linali dongosolo club ndi owerengeka ophunzira amene ankagwira ntchito monga momwe masiku Visa ndi MasterCard.

Makadi anayamba inakhazikitsa ndi 50 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo mu United States monga chida watsopano ndalama cashless, m'malo chakale checkbooks. Mpainiya mu 1951, wakhala New York banki Long Island Bank. Ku Ulaya, mawonekedwe a latsopano chida malipiro anayambitsa British kampani Finders Services. Kokha kupyolera Mzere maginito anaonekera, ndipo mu zaka 90 wa Chip 10 mapulasitiki.

matanthauzo

Musanawerenge ndondomeko ya wotuluka ndi makadi banki lonse, muyenera kuphunzira mfundo zikuluzikulu:

• Kupeza - banki kutumikira mapu.
• Issuer - bungwe ngongole kuti chikalata izo.
• pakati processing - ndi gawo la mabanki kuti kugwirizana pakati pa gulu kuthetsa cholinga cha yosonkhanitsa ndi processing wa wotuluka khadi.
• Nkhani mtolankhani anatsegula m'mphepete mwa Bank wa Central.

The aligorivimu wa mawerengedwe a

Opaleshoni ndi makadi banki mayiko angathe kuchitidwa pa kubwereketsa aliyense ritelo wa dziko, wokonzeka osachiritsika. Koma mu nkhani iyi, ndondomeko ntchito ndi osiyana ndi muyeso:

• Pa nthawi ya osachiritsika malipiro anatsimikizira lodalirika pulasitiki ndi kupezeka kwa ndalama m'nkhaniyi.
• Njira ali debited, ndi osachiritsika ikupereka ndipa.
• Kusinthanitsa mfundo transmits banki yake kupeza, lomwe limatchula kuchuluka nkhani ya kampani. Iye amatumiza nkhani wotuluka ntchito makadi yachilendo pakati processing.
• deta awa anasonkhana, kusanthula, ndiyeno mudziwe chifukwa chimene Chavumbulutsidwa kwa issuer, acquirer ndi malipiro dongosolo.
• Pamudzi banki anabwerera ndi kuchuluka chofunika pa nkhani ya issuer ndi acquirer amanyamula izo.
• Banki opereka analemba ngongole ndi chofukizira khadi ndi ndalama zonse ntchito.

ziwerengero

Ngakhale peculiarities msika zoweta malipiro karate kuonjezera chaka ndi chaka. Pa zaka zisanu zapitazi, chiwerengero chikalata anali miliyoni 230 zidutswa, umene 30 miliyoni okha -. Ndi malire ngongole. Only Russian msika ndi chiwerengero cha wotuluka kuwombola akunja ndi zina 6 ndipo anakwana zidutswa biliyoni 2,549. Pa nthawi yomweyo ku Russia anali zokayikitsa kuti mupewe ndalama pa nkhani (wotuluka miliyoni 751 kwa okwana 5 317 400 000 000 pakani.) Ndipo kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito khadi kulipira katundu (miliyoni 1798 wotuluka wokwanira thililiyoni 1,714 rubles.). chifukwa ndi kuchuluka kwa malo ogulitsira, zida ndi osachiritsika, ndipo kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha ATMs, njira imene akhoza kuchotsedwa (224 zikwi. ma PC.) Ndipo kulipira katundu (133 zikwi. ma PC.).

mitundu ya makadi

Mu dziko muli awiri malipiro mayiko machitidwe zochokera makadi banki: Visa ndi MasterCard. Anthu oposa theka la msika amatenga Visa dongosolo la International - 57%. Pa MasterCard nkhani Mayiko kwa 26% ya msika. Komanso, pali gulu lina: American Express (13%), DinersClub (4%) ndi JCB - (4%). Ntchito yaikulu ya kachitidwe malipiro - kuwonetsetsa kuti malipiro pakati pa magombe a m'mayiko onse. MasterCard umabweretsa pamodzi oposa 20 zikwi mabungwe a zachuma m'mayiko 220, Visa -. 21 zikwi mabungwe .. makadi mayiko Visa ali makamaka ntchito kupangira malipiro ndalama. MasterCard lolunjika pa yuro. Komabe, pafupifupi Russian makasitomala kusiyana pakati pa kachitidwe awiri satero.

i ena

zida madebiti malipiro ntchito kuchita kuwerengetsera mwa kuchuluka kwa nkhani makasitomala. mapulasitiki awa amagwilitsidwa ntchito malipiro ndi ntchito chikhalidwe. makhadi amakulolani kulipira katundu likuvutika ndalama ya gombe, ndipo kenaka kubweza ngongole anasonkhanitsa ndi chiwongola dzanja. Statement Izi Kukhazikika mukukonzeratu mzere wa ngongole kwa anthu.

Palinso kugawikana m'magulu: kuchokera elekitironi ndi Maestro kuti "pulatinamu". The apamwamba gulu, mwayi kwambiri kupezeka kwa mwini, amene amakhudza mtengo wa pulasitiki. Mayiko kadi akupezeka siyana Classic, Gold, Platinum ndi Black Edition. Ndi kuwonjezeka mu kalasi utumiki limakula ngongole malire. Mwachitsanzo, tingachipeze powerenga ngongole khadi, "Alfa Bank" akhoza kudzuka 150 zikwi rubles, ndi pa pulatinamu -. Kale 750 zikwi rubles ..

Kuonetsetsa kalasi osiyana makadi a pakompyuta, amene alibe TV thupi. Iwo apangidwa yekha kugula katundu pa Intaneti.

kadi mayiko ndi malire ngongole ndi akulimbana makamaka pa makasitomala amene amakonda kuyenda. Kwa iwo, anayamba mankhwala wina wapadera - makadi co-kutentha ndi ndege. Malinga ndi iye mwini amalandira mabonasi kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zithandizozi okondedwa. Mwachitsanzo, zopalira kudzera "Aeroflot" makadi Visa anasonkhana "kilomita" timathera kugula matikiti ndi kampani imodzi. Njira ina zina - Cash Back. Kugula lolipiridwa ndi khadi kumapeto kwa mwezi chofukizira analandira kuchuluka zina za kuchuluka anakhala ku nkhani. Onse a pulasitiki sanali amasiyana makadi mwachizolowezi.

kulembetsa

Pafupifupi wantchito ali Russian madebiti khadi, limene malipiro ndi kuchita masamu. Nthawi zambiri ndi pulasitiki elekitironi ndi Maestro, koma makampani olimba kupereka antchito awo makadi banki lonse. Mukhoza kuyitanitsa khadi, funsani banki paokha.

Ntchito ndondomeko ndi yosavuta. Tiyenera kubwerera ku wantchitoyo banki, kupereka pasipoti, chikalata chachiwiri wotsimikizira za (galimoto chilolezo, pasipoti, etc.) ndi kulemba mawu. masabata awiri kudikira mpaka azitentha pulasitiki. pa chaka amalipiritsa utumiki deducted mwachindunji ku nkhani. Pulasitiki malipiro chida kale kuti bwino negative.

Kuyitanitsa ngongole, muyenera Komanso konzani mawu ndalama kudikira ayankhe bwanayo ngongole. Kapezekedwe pasipoti ndi zisindikizo mwatsopano pa anapita kudziko lina kapena zikalata pa chuma kumawonjezera mwayi chotenga ngongole.

Pakuti ndani?

Ngakhale ngati mulibe ntchito misonkhano ya ndege, kawirikawiri oyendayenda kunja kwa dzikoli, ndi malo khadi mayiko ndi malire ngongole sizimapweteka. Pa nthawi iliyonse, kungakhale kofunika kuti kugula kwa katundu ndalama zakunja pa Intaneti kapena kungoti ndi mavuto ndi zida madebiti malipiro.

Lero, ngongole mayiko makadi ndi malire ngongole - ndi njira yachidule malipiro zimene oyenera dziko lililonse estrus. Ngati n'koyenera, munthu ngakhale kupeza mankhwala ndi yaitali nthawi chisomo ndi ntchito yochepa kuti withdrawals ku ATMs.

Kupereka ndalama Bank

Mu waukulu Russian banki angathe apereke mayiko makadi Maestro ndi elekitironi. Iwo yabwino kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito ndi mtengo kukhalabe. Mayiko banki Sberbank khadi amalola chofukizira kulandira malipiro, gawo ndalama, kulipira katundu ogulitsira ritelo mu Russia ndi mayiko kunja. Classic makadi Komanso amalandira zocotsera pogula pa sitolo okondedwa. kukonza mtengo nkhokwe ndi 30 900 rubles (madola, mayuro) mu chaka choyamba ndi 600 rubles, 20 (madola, mayuro) - mu zaka zonse wotsatira.

zabwino khadi banki Gold kalasi cholinga kwa makasitomala omwe mukonda. Mtengo wa utumiki wa pachaka ndi 3000 rubles. Ndalama kasitomala amalandira osati chilengedwe malipiro chida chimene chikugwirizana ndi nkhani ya rubles, madola kapena mumauro, komanso mwayi wofalitsa mu magawo banki ndi dongosolo malipiro yokha, kuti withdrawals popanda khadi pa ofesi bokosi la banki aliyense kunja. Komanso, Gold Khadi akutsimikiza udindo wabwino ndalama ndi wapamwamba wa mwini.

Amavomereza msika banki

Malinga ndi CBR, pa chaka chathachi, mabungwe ngongole anali chikalata makadi miliyoni 234, amene 87% - 13% ndi madebiti - ngongole. Pansi mmene ziletso mayiko ambiri a mabanki zikugwira kupeza, anatsika ndi 7,8% magawo 572. Ambiri mwa makadi chikalata amatanthauza machitidwe m'dera malipiro. Izi zinaonetsera kukula kwa zopalira gawo la zida malipiro: anapuma ndipo anthu ntchito anayamba apereke makadi zotchinjiriza moyo kuti phindu.