Mavuto Environmental m'dera la chipululu Arctic. mavuto Environmental ndi zimene

Kozizira ali m'dera pa M'madera a zitunda mkulu, malire a ndilo Arctic Circle. Pa topezeka ndi osalimba derali anali kungasokoneze zinthu zachilengedwe ndi zochita za anthu. Nkhaniyi limatchula mwachindunji mavuto a zachilengedwe a m'dera la chipululu Arctic ndi dera lonse, kuphatikizapo Ocean Arctic ndi nyanja, m'malire ndi zilumba.

The mavuto chilengedwe Arctic

Natural ndi malo mbali ya dera kugwirizana ndi malo ake mu M'madera a zitunda okwezeka ndi predominance wa topezeka kudera m'madzi. Mu 1991, maboma a mayiko ndi gawo mkati Arctic Circle amatengera njira kuteteza chilengedwe cha Arctic. Patapita zaka 5, yosainidwa ku Ottawa Declaration ndi kukhazikika Council kozizira. Zolinga zikuluzikulu za ntchito yake zokhudzana ndi citukuko wa dera Arctic. Alipo UN pulogalamu zachilengedwe, ndicho UNEP kupeza mavuto aakulu zachilengedwe:

• kuipitsa nyanja Arctic ndi mankhwala mafuta;
• likutentha, zikubweretsa limatsogolera wa zisoti kumalo ozizira oundana;
• kuwonjezera nsomba ndi zina kupanga nsomba;
• kagwiridwe wa zamoyo mu Arctic;
• kuchepetsa anthu kumalo ozizira nyama;
• tima kutumiza.

kusintha kwa nyengo

Map zone kozizira m'chipululu tsopano wotanganidwa ndi mbali yaing'ono pa gombe la Greenland Europe ndi ku Asia, North America, ku zilumba ndi kuzilumba za Ocean Arctic. Ofufuzawa amati pafupifupi mpweya kutentha mu Arctic Circle zizindikiro zochuluka zedi kuposa m'madera ena. Izi kale zinachititsa kuti kuchepetsa dera malo achilengedwe, ndi m'tsogolo akhoza kutha.

Nyengo kutentha pa mapu zone kozizira chipululu kulikonse m'malo mwa Titafika pamalo. Linaopseza kutha kwa mitundu ya nyama ndi zomera ndinazolowera zizindikiro zilipo kutentha. Miyoyo ya anthu Arctic zamakolo, nayenso, ali pangozi, chifukwa moyo wa anthu kwa zaka aumbike mwa mogwirizana ndi nyama ndi zomera.

Limatsogolera ya Arctic ayezi ndi chisanu

Russian Hydrometeorological Service kwa zaka 30 zapitazi pakhala kuchepetsa m'dera ayezi mu nyanja kumpoto. Mlingo wa limatsogolera chawonjezeka khumi lotsiriza la zaka za m'ma XX. Mu nthawi yomweyo kuphunzira anaulula kuchepetsa kakakulu ayezi chivundikiro maulendo 2. Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti m'kupita kwa zaka za m'ma XXI, pasukuluyi kupitiriza. mavuto Environmental adzakhala kulimbikitsa nyanja Mwachitsanzo, madzi Arctic danga chilimwe pafupifupi mwathunthu ufulu ayezi. Poyamba, adzatsegulidwa pa mtsinje chigwa cha nyanja Arctic. Kusintha zidzakhudza m'madera ambiri pa mtunda wa mahandiredi kapena masauzande makilomita ku gombe.

Mpweya ndi madzi

zofunika zachilengedwe m'dera la chipululu Arctic ndi Titafika pamalo imakhudzana ndi kulanda misa mpweya kuchokera ku zigawo otukuka a kumpoto chakumadzulo Russia, Central ndi kumpoto Europe. Pali imfa otchedwa asidi mvula - njira amadzimadzi a sulfa ndi asafe oxides. madipoziti amenewa kusokoneza lonse osalimba topezeka Arctic kuwononga wosanjikiza zonyalazo nthaka Titafika pamalo a, kusokoneza ntchito madzi a zamoyo amene akuimira mu chiwembu pansipa.

Magwero chachikulu cha kuwonongeka, kukulitsa mavuto a zachilengedwe m'dera la chipululu kozizira - ndi migodi ndi zoyendera. The dera ali zapansi nkhondo, ndi zipangizo mafakitale processing zipangizo zachilengedwe yaiwisi. The topezeka cha kugwa:

• mpweya ndi effluents amakampani mafakitale ndi zofunikira anthu;
• zakudya ndi processing wa chimasanduka (mafuta ndi gasi);
• zitsulo ndi zinyansi ina yopanga zitsulo;
• ena poizoni (phenol, ammonia ndi ena);
• zoipitsa zambiri zochokera zapansi m'mphepete mwa nyanja;
• zombo zinyalala opaleshoni mafuta nyukiliya.

Zoneneratu wa zinthu zachilengedwe ku Arctic

Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti kumpoto dera kumalo ozizira a dziko, kozizira chipululu zone makamaka, adzapitiriza poyera kuti kuipitsa wamphamvu anthropogenic. Kuonjezera chiwerengero cha ntchito pa alumali chokhala kumene m'zigawo ndi mayendedwe zachilengedwe kale kwambiri yayambika. Zikwizikwi derricks mafuta kutulutsa mafuta Arctic, malinga ndi mabungwe zachilengedwe, aliyense yachiwiri iwo zimachitika kutayikira a zipangizo.

mavuto Environmental mu zone kozizira chipululu. imfa ya pakuleka

The zomera kuzizira achisanu thambo la Arctic Circle ukufanizidwa ndi ochepa mitundu zolengedwa zoyamwitsa. Zokwawa komanso achule m'dera lino ali kwina. Chiwerengero cha mitundu mbalame za maulendo 4 kuposa nyama. Zimenezi zalongosoledwa ndi kuyenda mkulu wa mbalame, migrations awo nyengo, luso kuyendayenda pa maulendo ataliatali kukafunafuna chakudya. Pa zilumba ndi gombe, pamene pali madera aang'onoang'ono m'chipululu kozizira, zinyama ikuyimiridwa ndi nyama ndi mbalame. Pali walruses, zisindikizo, zimbalangondo, kozizira nkhandwe, lemmings. Oimira ochuluka kuposa waterfowl - bakha, eider abakha, guillemots ndi auks.

mavuto Environmental mu kozizira zone chipululu kugwirizana ndi "rookeries" - zachilendo chambiri mbalame. Iwo chifukwa cha kutumiza amafuna chitetezo awo, makamaka pa nthawi kuswana.

Nature kusamala mu Arctic Circle

Akatswiri amanena kuti vuto kwambiri kuti topezeka ndi osalimba wa Arctic amachititsa kusaka. Mwachitsanzo, anthu opha nyama za m'madzi zokhudza Russia chaka limapanga 300 zimbalangondo.

zinthu zina zachilengedwe m'derali, zofuna yosatha chidwi cha mabungwe chilengedwe:

• kuwononga zachilengedwe,
• amayamba kuthamanga anthu;
• kuonjezera chiwerengero cha vuto zinyalala;
• kusintha kwa nyengo.

Imodzi ndi limatsogolera m'dera ayezi komanso yafupika Madzi oundana, pali zoopsa zochitika hydrometeorological pa mitsinje za thupi dziwe ili. Native ndi mlendo anthu mu Arctic Circle komanso amadwala kuipitsa osatetezeka chikhalidwe cha deralo. The mavuto chilengedwe Arctic ali ndi dera, komanso tanthauzo lonse. Mu Russian Federation chifukwa kuteteza nyama zakutchire, kuteteza zachilengedwe ku kuipitsidwa ndi kunyoza analenga nkhokwe Arctic. Yaikulu ya iwo: Kandalaksha, Great Arctic, Wrangel Island, Taimyr.