Matendawa - matendawa ndi ... ana a m'sukulu za pulayimale. Matendawa - mankhwala

Mu dziko muli matenda osiyanasiyana kuti akhoza kukhala akulu ndi ana omwe. Ndikudziwa za onse sangathe. N'chifukwa chake m'nkhani ino ndikufuna kulankhula za vuto ngati matendawa. Ndi chimene icho chiri, bwanji kuzindikira kodi njira ya mankhwala - za izi ndipo ndikufuna kuti ndiyankhule.

Pa mfundo

Pali ana ena amene ali ndi kuwerenga ndi kulemba amapatsidwa Movutikira. ana otere nthawi zambiri ankaona aulesi, koma osiyanasiyana. Amene amadziwa, mwinamwake mwana ali odwala matendawa? Izi makamaka ubongo chikhalidwe, olumala, kumene kungakhudze amaonera mwana wa makalata, manambala ndi zizindikiro. Mu pipsqueak ichi zoipa amaona ndi kumvetsetsa za kuwerenga, kulemba, masamu, iye ali ndi ntchito wokongola osauka maphunziro. Komabe, nthawi yomweyo kafukufuku asayansi amati IQ ana awa zambiri kuposa pafupifupi. Mukhozanso kufotokoza basi matenda. Pankhaniyi, matendawa - ndi kulephera mu ubongo wa mwana, amene atseka kuti mwayi kwa ena chowunikira ndi (mwachitsanzo, mawu kapena manambala). N'chifukwa chiyani zimenezi - kuyesa kupeza.

A mbiri pang'ono

ndimasewera kwambiri zidzakhala chakuti mawu amenewa anagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba mmbuyo mu 1887 wasayansi-maso R. Berlin. Doctor ayambirira vuto pamene ayesedwa comprehensively anayamba mnyamata. Iye anakumana ndi vuto ndithu mu kuwerenga ndi kulemba, koma m'mbali zina zonse za ukatswiri uyo anasonyeza zothandiza. Mawu amenewa, malinga Berlin, anali udindo vuto pophunzira ndi mwana chilengedwe ndi mavuto kuwerenga ndi kulemba. Malinga ndi zomwe panopa, matenda amadziwika kuti m'nthawi ya dzanja za 5-10% ya anthu onse a dzikoli, ndipo nthawi zambiri zokonzedwa ndi zaka 6-7. Chifukwa chikhalidwe chake ubongo, kuchotsa matenda si kophweka, pamafunika khama pazipita ya mwana, kuleza mtima kwa makolo ndipo, ndithudi, nthawi yambiri.

The mavuto chachikulu cha vutoli

Pozindikira kuti matendawa - ndi kulephera kuzindikira zilembo kapena manambala ayenera kukambirana pang'ono za izo, zomwe mavuto ena angakumane nawo ana amene ali ndi matendawa.

1. Ana awa ndi ena kuona makalata kapena manambala chammbuyo, basi atembenuke paokha sangathe kuwerenga.
2. Nthawi zina ana ndi matenda mameseji kuti "kudumpha" pa tsamba, osati kutuluka mu chiwerengero.
3. Komanso, pangakhale mavuto ofanana ndi kusiyana makalata ndi manambala (mwachitsanzo, "r Mukhoza" ndipo "s" 10 01).
4. Ngati mwana kusiyanitsa zilembo ndiyeno izo zimachitika kuti iye sanganene iwo mu mpweya chomwecho, ndiye. E. Mu mawu.
5. A vuto wamba - mwanayo kukumbukira mawu amene kuwerenga. Nthawi iliyonse iye ayenera kuphunzira mwatsopano.
6. Nthawi zambiri, ana awa sindikuwona mawu, chifukwa m'makalata awo chabe osokonezeka.
7. Komanso, ana ndi Vutoli kusintha zilembo mawu (werengani "zonse" m'malo mwa "thupi").
8. Komanso si zachilendo pamene mwana wakuzindikira, ndi kundidziwa makalata onse, koma pamene inu kuwerenga mawu ali aakulu mutu, nseru, chizungulire.

M'pofunikanso kuti ndi zonse izi, asayansi kuti mavuto ndi kuzindikira zinthu zooneka ana pafupifupi konse zimachitika (ndipo ngati izo zichitika, n'kovuta kwambiri). Komanso, mndandanda - si mavuto onse amene akhoza akukumana ndi vuto lolephera kuwerenga. Kids a mibadwo yosiyana ndi zovuta zosiyana ndi mavuto ndi kusandutsa, kusintha akamakula mwana.

Gawo

Gulu la matendawa - ndicho chimene komanso ayenera atchulidwa m'nkhaniyi. Choncho, matenda akhoza m'magulu malinga ndi zizindikiro zingapo.

1. Ana ndi matendawa disfoneticheskoy sangathe athandize mawu kuwerenga. Ndi kwa iwo monga mtundu wa malamulo chinsinsi chimene nthawi zonse muyenera kumvetsa.
2. Ana ndi matendawa diseydeticheskoy (omwe amathanso adzatchedwa Gestalt-akhungu vuto lolephera kuwerenga) Movutikira kuloweza mawu, koma iwo sangakhoze kuona kusiyana pakati pa zilembo zofanana. Werengani mawu pa tsamba, iwo sangakhoze kuwerenga izo mwamsanga lotsatira.
3. Mtundu wachitatu wa matenda ndi zovuta kwambiri, motero kuthandiza ana kovuta: ndi osakaniza woyamba matendawa awiri.

Mitundu ya

Onetsetsani kuwona mitundu yambiri ya matendawa, amene angathe kuyamba sukulu.

1. Phonemic matendawa. Izi underdevelopment a ntchito za dongosolo phonemic.
2. Agrammaticheskaya. M'malo kapena kupotoza mawu morpheme.
3. Zamalankhulidwe matendawa. Izi ndi kuphwanya kuwerenga kumvetsa pamene kuwerenga ndi katchulidwe mwaukadaulo changwiro cha mawu.
4. Kuwala. Matendawa, amene amagwirizana ndi underdevelopment wa ntchito zithunzi.
5. Mnemonic. Mtundu wa matendawa kuwawonetsera vuto lophunzira makalata ndi kumvetsa Kubverana kwawo.

Zimayambitsa matenda

M'pofunikanso kuganizira chifukwa chake matendawa ana a m'sukulu za pulayimale. Choncho, chifukwa akhoza kukhala chotupa isanafalikire ya ubongo madera ena. Izi angayambe chifukwa cha zoopsa (ngakhale losavuta pini mutu) underdevelopment kapena gawo wolakalakika ubongo. Chifukwa china ofunika malinga ndi madokotala, yomwe INGATHE kuyambitsa matenda a ana, - matenda a mayi ndi mwana pa siteji ya gestation kapena kubereka okha. Zofunika kukhala mfundo zotsatirazi: malinga maganizo mankhwala, theka la milandu matenda opatsirana kuti ana ndi cholowa chochokera kwa makolo (matendawa amakhudza amuna ndi akazi, koma, malingana ndi kuwerengera, anyamata akupezeka katatu zambiri kuposa atsikana). Komabe, ana awa akhoza kukhala maganizo kupepera kapena otsika, iwo sangakhoze basi kumvetsa mfundo analandira kuchokera kunja. Pa nthawi yomweyo, palibe mavuto mu ubongo lonse, koma pa malo alipo.

diagnostics

Kodi mungadziwe ngati pali mwana matenda? Choncho, mawu ana a akatswiri amalangiza kuchita mayeso wapadera, zimene zingakuthandizeni kuthetsa vutolo ndipo tikupeza mwana likudwaladi matendawa kapena basi zomwe zikutsalirazi kumbuyo chitukuko ndi nkhani zophunzira. Kutengera za n'zothekanso kuzindikira kudzera mwa kuyezetsa chibadwa, pamene phunziro DCDC2 jini udindo matenda.

za chithandizo

Kodi kuchita ngati mwana wanu ali matendawa? Chithandizo ndi mankhwala pa nthawi yomweyo - si mwa zinthu. Komanso njirayi wa ndiyotani pakuchotsa vuto n'zokayikitsa wina adzakuwuzani, mankhwala alibe. Pankhaniyi, muyenera woyenera ntchito ndende. Zimenezi zingakuthandizeni aphunzitsi, kulankhula madokotala ana ndipo, ndithudi, ophunzitsidwa mwapadera akatswiri. Choncho, ntchito ndi ana angathe kuchitikira onse m'kalasi (mphunzitsi ayenera kupereka ulemu wapadera kwa mwana uyu, amene Komabe, n'kovuta kwambiri), kapena kufunika kutumiza mwanayo kuchita ndi aphunzitsi apadera amene adzatha kukonza vutoli.

mapulogalamu Special akhoza zosiyanasiyana njira ya ntchito. Mwina Zochita maso kuti amathanso kuthandiza kupirira matenda. Komabe, ambiri kulikonse matendawa imatengedwa payekha, ndi pulogalamu yapadera amusankha ndipo anapanga kwa mwana chomwe chingathandize kupirira vuto iye yekha basi. Ngati nthawi yomweyo kutha matenda ndi chiyani sasiya matendawa, chithandizo ayenera kukhalabe anapitiriza. Musapereke, ndipo chifukwa limakhudza kuti yokha anamvera.