N'chifukwa chiyani ndikufunika kudziwa chizindikiritso cha gulu magazi?

Mu chamoyo thupi ayenera kukhala magazi. Ndipo ngati mwa kuwoneka kwa thupi ndi mipweya, ndi pafupi zofanana, pali kulibe kusiyana.

A mbiri pang'ono

magazi a anthu ndi magulu anayi malinga ndi mtundu wa antigens ndi magulu awiri akuluakulu pankhani ina RH. Koma zambiri za madokotala sadadziwa nthawi zonse. Kuika izo kalekale, madokotala anali kuyesera kuti apulumutse moyo. Nthawi zina, iwo bwino, koma kwambiri cha zimene amapha mtima. Kodi ndi chifukwa, anaphunzira mu 1901 chifukwa dokotala wa ku Austria, yemwe anapeza kusiyana ena pakati pa zitsanzo zosankhidwazi lapansi. Nthawi zina, magazi bwinobwino mizu, ndi zina - maselo ofiira kukakamirana pamodzi, imbaenda mavuto oopsa. Iwo dokotala uyu allocated 4 magulu magazi ndi kuika pafupifupi kwathunthu otetezeka thanzi. Pakuti mu 1930 anali kupereka ya Nobel Prize.

Za gulu

Kodi kusiyana kwake, ndi chifukwa chake pali mapangidwe osiyana a magulu magazi? nkhani zonse pamaso pa antigens mu thupi - mtundu wa zedi, zomwe kudziwa kuti gulu limodzi kapena wina. Ili antigens ku seramu ndi erythrocyte pamwamba. Ndipo ndi iwo amene ali ndi udindo yeniyeni chitetezo poyankha magazi mwiniwake. Kusiyana magulu magazi kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka m'menemo wa antigens A ndi B, kuphatikiza pamaso pa akupha ndi antigens chomwecho mu madzi.

chikhazikitso

Kodi pali zoti magulu magazi? Dziwani ena kuti pang'ono, koma iwo si zovuta kumvetsa zathu mdziko lathu ndipo chizindikiro Europe. Tili kusiyanitsa gulu la manambala - woyamba, wachiwiri, wachitatu ndi wachinayi. Alendo kugawana gulu lomweli la antigens:

• 0 - chodetsa gulu loyamba la magazi;
• A - gulu lina la magazi;
• B - The gulu lachitatu magazi;
• AB - gulu wachinayi wa magazi.

Chotero kodi pali kusiyana kulikonse? Choncho, gulu loyamba (0) ndi chitetezo A ndi B yekha mu madzi a m'magazi. Lachiwiri (A) - A Antigen inali pamwamba pa odziwika maselo ofiira, ndi chitetezo kulibe mu madzi a m'magazi. Wachitatu (B) - The oteteza "moyo" padziko maselo magazi ofiira (maselo a m'magazi) ndi chitetezo A - mu madzi a m'magazi; ndi antigens wachinayi (onse A ndi B) zili padziko maselo a magazi - maselo ofiira.

Za uchembere Chinthu

Ndipo kodi RH Chinthu? kaya amakhudza chizindikiritso cha gulu magazi? Kumene, zochitika. Komanso ndi Antigen, limene lili padziko maselo a magazi. Tikumbukenso kuti RH Chinthu ndi pafupifupi onse amwenye - 99%, koma osati onse ku Ulaya - 85%. Pali kusiyana mu magulu awiri lalikulu la anthu mukugwirizana onse RH HIV (RH +), ndipo RH alibe (RH-). Choncho, ngati ife magulu onse, pali magulu magazi eyiti. Mwachitsanzo, RH zabwino magazi Gulu lachiwiri. Chikhazikitso Choncho: A RH + (mu Russian: II +).

kusakaniza

Munthu aliyense Nkofunika kudziwa gulu magazi anu chizindikiritso, chifukwa nthawi zambiri akhoza kupulumutsa moyo wake, ngati palibe nthawi mayesero ena. Choncho ngati magazi si a gulu kumachitika clumping maselo a magazi mu zotengera magazi adzayamba ndondomeko yofanana ndi mapangidwe magazi kuundana, magazi mabasi, ndipo munthu akhoza kufa. Zingaoneke mfundo zochititsa chidwi zomwe anthu ndi mitundu magazi 0 (Rh-) ndi AB (RH +) amaonedwa konsekonse. The choyamba - yabwino mwiniwake, wachiwiri - wolandira konsekonse.