Matenda osachiritsika: mndandanda

Mawu amenewa ndi zachilendo ambiri odwala khutu. Mu dziko lathu, madokotala kawirikawiri ntchito ndi deta ikhoza kupangitsa mavuto mu gulu osiyana. Komabe, mankhwala dziko mu lotanthauzira madokotala, mawu akuti "osachiritsika matenda" amapezeka nthawi zonse. gulu lawo kumaphatikizapo matenda amene amakhala m'kati, kuchititsa kuwononga ntchito ya zimakhala, ziwalo, kapangidwe awo. Maselo zikusintha matenda osachiritsika, chikhalidwe chawo chatsitsa, izo zimakhudza zimakhala ndi ziwalo. Pankhaniyi, mawu akuti "alibe" amatanthauza azilandira ndipo pang'onopang'ono alibe, chinachake choipa.

matenda otengera osachiritsika

Matenda a gulu la sakanikira kwambiri kukomoka, koma iwo yodziwika ndi zinthu zofanana. Nthawi iliyonse, munthu wachikulire wathanzi kapena mwana zokha kudwala pambuyo kukhudzana ndi zinthu aliyense precipitating, amavutika dongosolo chapakati mantha ndi machitidwe ena ndi ziwalo. zizindikiro matenda pang'onopang'ono kuonjezera, wodwalayo nthawi n'lalikulu. Kupitirira ndi variable. Cholowa osachiritsika-dystrophic matenda mapeto chakuti munthu wotaya ambiri mwa ntchito zofunikira (kulankhula, kayendedwe, masomphenya, kumva, njira maganizo, ndi ena). Nthawi zambiri, matenda awa amapha.

Chifukwa cha matenda otengera osachiritsika angatchedwe majini nthenda. Pachifukwa ichi, m'badwo chiwonetsero cha matenda ndi zovuta kuwerengera, izo zimatengera pa mawu losokonekera. The kukula kwa matenda adzakhala kwambiri kutchulidwa pamene iwo kuonjezera zizindikiro pathological mbewu.

Kale m'zaka za m'ma 19, asayansi tafotokozeramu matenda ofanana, koma iwo sanathe kufotokoza chifukwa maonekedwe awo. Modern neuroscience chibadwa maselo watsegula zopindika ambiri amuzolengedwa mu majini amene ali ndi udindo pa chitukuko zizindikiro matenda gulu. Miyambo zizindikiro dzina eponimnye, ndi - msonkho kwa ntchito asayansi amene anali woyamba kufotokoza matenda.

mbali khalidwe la matenda osachiritsika

matenda osachiritsika-dystrophic Mbali ofanana. Njirazi ndi monga:

• Yambirani ku matenda pafupifupi wosaoneka, koma likunena patsogolo, kuti ukhoza kwa zaka zambiri.
• Chiyambi n'zovuta mme- chifukwa sangathe kuzindikiridwa.
• The zimakhala anakhudzidwa ndi ziwalo pang'onopang'ono anakana kuchita ntchito zawo, alibe chimachititsanso kubwera.
• Matenda a gulu limeneli ndi kukana mankhwala, mankhwala nthawi zonse zovuta, kovuta ndipo kawirikawiri aluso. Nthawi zambiri, izo sapereka zotsatira ankafuna. Mukhoza m'mbuyo kukula osachiritsika, koma kuli kovuta kusiya.
• Matenda ndi ambiri kwa anthu achikulire, ukalamba, iwo sakhala achinyamata ambiri.
• matenda kawirikawiri chifukwa kutengera za kumtundu. matenda angayambe pa anthu angapo ku banja limodzi.

Wotchuka wa matenda

Ambiri ndi odziwika matenda osachiritsika:

• atherosclerosis;
• khansara;
• kutayipa 2 shuga;
• matenda a Alzheimer;
• nyamakazi;
• nyamakazi;
• kufooka kwa mafupa;
• matenda Parkinson;
• angapo sclerosis;
• prostatitis.

Anthu ambiri amanena matenda amenewa ndi "zoopsa", koma si mndandanda wonse. Pali matenda ena amene sakudziwa nkomwe tamva.

Osachiritsika-dystrophic matenda zimfundo

Pa mtima wa osachiritsika nyamakazi matenda - pa alibe wa chichereŵechereŵe articular, chifukwa, kenako kusintha pathological mu epiphyseal fupa.

Nyamakazi ndi ambiri olowa matenda imagwira 10-12% ya anthu ndi zaka, chiwerengero ndi kukula. Nthawi zambiri zimakhudza m'chiuno kapena bondo zimfundo mu akazi ndi amuna. matenda osachiritsika - nyamakazi anawagawa pulayimale ndi sekondale.

arthrosis chachikulu kutenga chiwerengero 40% ya matenda, ndondomeko osachiritsika anayamba chifukwa zolimbitsa thupi yovutayi, ndi kuwonjezeka lakuthwa mu thupi, obwera ndi ukalamba kusintha.

Secondary nyamakazi akuimira 60% a chonse pamodzi. Amayambira monga chotsatira cha kuvulala makina, intraarticular fractures, mu kobadwa nako dysplasia, pambuyo opatsirana matenda limodzi mu necrosis aseptic.

Mu arthrosis ambiri ogaŵikana pulayimale ndi sekondale mwangwiro lachabechabe, popeza zochokera zinthu yomweyo tizilombo kumene kungakhale osakaniza osiyana. Nthawi zambiri kudziwa chinthu wakhala yaikulu ndi zazing'ono sizingatheke.

Pambuyo kusintha osachiritsika, ndi pamalo olowa mu kukhudzana kwambiri tilimbikire ndi mnzake. Motero, kuti muchepetse makina, kukula osteophytes. Pathological ndondomeko m'kati, koposa opunduka mafupa, linaphwanya ntchito musculo-ligamentous zida. Kayendedwe kukhala okha anapanga contracture.

Deforming coxarthrosis. deforming gonartroz

Osachiritsika olowa matenda coxarthrosis ndi gonarthrosis ndi zachilendo.

malo oyamba mu zochitika zimatenga coxarthrosis - m'chiuno kupsyinjika. Matendawa kumabweretsa chilema woyamba ndipo kenako chilema. matenda chifukwa mungathe zaka zambiri kuchokera 35 40. Akazi amadwala imeneyi kuposa amuna. Zizindikiro kuonekera pang'onopang'ono, malingana ndi msinkhu, thupi kapena zolimbitsa thupi. Magawo oyambirira obwera si anasonyeza. Nthawi zina kutopa ndi anamvera pamene anaimirira ndi kuyenda kapena kunyamula katundu wolemera. Monga kusintha osachiritsika a ukuwonjezeka ululu. Kwathunthu kutha yekha pa mpumulo, mu loto. alikukonzeka pa maganizo pang'ono. Pamene akuthamanga mawonekedwe a ululu kulimbikira, achuluke usiku.

Nyamakazi ndi wachiwiri - 50% ya matenda a bondo. Bata kuposa coxarthrosis. ndondomeko ambiri lili pa 1 siteji. Ngakhale milandu patsogolo mocheperapo kutilepheretsa mphamvu ntchito.

4 zosiyanasiyana za gonarthrosis:

• chiwonongeko cha mbali mkati mwa bondo olowa;
• ndi chotupa chachikulu cha mabungwe akunja;
• arthrosis wa patella-femoral articulations;
• imfa ya m'madipatimenti olowa.

osteochondrosis

matenda osachiritsika a msana: osteochondrosis, spondylosis, spondylarthritis.

Pamene osteochondrosis njira osachiritsika imayambira zimbale intervertebral mu phata pulposus. Pamene spondylosis ndondomeko nawo thupi moyandikana vertebrae. Pamene spondyloarthrosis amapezeka chotupa zimfundo intervertebral. matenda osachiritsika-dystrophic msana ndi owopsa kwambiri ndi bwino mankhwala. Mlingo wa kudwala anatsimikiza ndi mbali zinchito ndi morphological a galimoto.

Anthu achikulire kuposa zaka 50 akudwala matenda amenewa mu 90% ya milandu. Posachedwapa pakhala azimuth kwa rejuvenation za matenda a msana, zidzachitika ngakhale achinyamata zaka 17-20. Low ululu kumbuyo zambiri amapezeka anthu amene ankagwira ntchito kwambiri thupi.

Matenda mawonetseredwe zimadalira kutanthauzira cha zovuta ndondomeko komanso mwina ubongo, malo amodzi, autonomic matenda.

matenda osachiritsika ya ubongo

matenda osachiritsika ya ubongo Chili gulu lalikulu. zotupa Tingadziwe magulu matenda a manyuroni kuti kumumanga thupi zifukwa zenizeni kunja ndi mkati. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuyan'anila za njira okhudza maselo ambiri, kawirikawiri izi zimachitika chifukwa cha nthenda ya kumtundu.

osachiritsika matenda ambiri kuwonetseredwa zochepa kapena akakufunsani ubongo manja pa nyumba yeniyeni tosaoneka amapezeka manyuroni kuchepetsa. Nthawi zina pali zikusokoneza mu ntchito ya maselo imfa zimachokeradi, ubongo woterewu manja (n'kofunika kugwedeza, idiopathic dystonia).

Ambiri matenda osachiritsika ndi nyengo yaitali zobisika za chitukuko, koma mawonekedwe likunena pang'onopang'ono.

matenda osachiritsika CNS wachinsinsi ndi mawonetseredwe matenda ndi khalidwe nkhani ya nyumba zina ya ubongo. zapadera:

• Disease kuwonekera kwa syndromes extrapyramidal (matenda Huntington a, kugwedeza, matenda Parkinson).
• Matenda naonetsere cerebellar ataxia (spinocerebellar alibe).
• Matenda ndi zotupa za manyuroni galimoto (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis).
• Matenda ndi chiwonetsero cha maganizo (matenda Sankhani matenda a Alzheimer).

matenda Alzheimer

matenda neuro-osachiritsika ndi zizindikiro za maganizo ndi ambiri okalamba. Ambiri ndi matenda a Alzheimer. M'kati mwa okalamba kuposa zaka 80. 15% milandu matenda akuthamanga mabanja. Akufotokozera pa zaka 10-15.

Yambani chiwonongeko cha manyuroni mu parietal m'madera associative wa kotekisi, ndi kanthawi ndi mazunzo, ndi Makutu, m'madera zithunzi ndi somatosensory kukhala sasintha. Kuwonjezera kutha kwa manyuroni makhalidwe ofunika ndi miyala ya amyloid mu mipukutuyi senile ndi thickening ndi thickening wa nyumba n'kuyamba kufooka neurofibrillary ndi kupulumuka manyuroni iwo amatha tauprotein. Onse anthu okalamba kusintha zimenezi zikuchitika zochepa, koma iwo ali kutchulidwa zambiri matenda enaake osokoneza ubongo. Panali milandu pamene chipatala anali ngati maganizo, koma chifukwa cha mipukutuyi anali anaona.

Atrophied zone ali yafupika magazi okwanira, kungakhale anatengera kutha kwa manyuroni. Matendawa akhoza kukhala chifukwa cha atherosclerosis.

matenda Parkinson

matenda Parkinson amatchedwanso kugwedeza manjenje. Izi osachiritsika matenda ubongo pang'onopang'ono pamene kusankha amakhudza dofaminergichesikie manyuroni kuwawonetsera chinthu chimodzimodzi osakaniza akinesia, postural Kusakhazikika ndi kugwedeza zina. Chifukwa cha matenda adakali bwinobwino. Pali chiphunzitso kuti matenda ndi cholowa.

Kuchuluka kwa matenda ndi yotakata ndipo kenako anthu patatha zaka 65 mu chiŵerengero cha 1 100.

matenda owonetseredwa pang'onopang'ono. Mawonetseredwe choyamba - kunjenjemera miyendo, nthawizina kusintha gait, stiffness. Choyamba, odwala zindikirani ululu kumbuyo ndi miyendo. Zizindikiro zoyambirira umodzi amaganiza, ndiye zikugwirizana ndi mbali yachiwiri.

Kukula kwa Disease Parkinson

Chiwonetsero chachikulu cha matenda - akinesia ichi kapena wakuta, liwiro kayendedwe. munthu kenako amakhala maskoobraznym (gipomimiya). Zikuthwanima osowa, choncho kuboola Mwachidule. Friendly kayendedwe kutha (amagwedeza dzanja poyenda). kayendedwe wochenjera chala zisakuyenda. Wodwala nkomwe chimasintha kaimidwe anawuka kuchokera mpando wake ndi Zikatembenuzidwa ku tulo take. Ndi popanda kusintha mphamvu ndi Aletsedwa. Masitepe ndi shuffling, lalifupi. Chiwonetsero chachikulu cha matenda Parkinson - kugwedeza kwa manja, milomo, nsagwada, mutu, limapezeka pa mpumulo. Kugwedeza amadalira kutengeka ndi mwaulesi ena mtima.

Mu ndondomeko ina yokhudza ufiti okha zoyendayenda, anataya mphamvu moyenera. odwala ambiri matenda okhudza ubongo, koma ena yekha kukhala maganizo.

Mlingo wa kupitilira matenda zimasiyanasiyana, zingakhale zaka zambiri. Pakutha moyo wa wodwalayo kwathunthu kuyenda, kumeza ndi zovuta, pali chiopsezo cha kukhumba. Motero, imfa zambiri amapezeka ku chibayo.

n'kofunika kugwedeza

A matenda osachiritsika yodziwika ndi mtima wabwino kugwedeza, osati kusokonezedwa ndi matenda Parkinson. dzanja kugwedeza kumachitika pamene kusuntha kapena akugwira kuika. 60% ya matenda ndi cholowa, zikuoneka zambiri mu m'badwo wa zaka 60. Akukhulupirira kuti chifukwa ndi contravention hyperkinesia pakati cerebellum ndi mapulaniwo mtima.

Kugwedeza akhoza kukula ndi kutopa, mukubwadamuka, ntchito ya khofi, mankhwala ena. Izo zimachitika kuti kugwedeza kumatanthauza "Ayi" kayendedwe mutu ndi mtundu kapena "inde", kulumikiza miyendo, lilime, milomo, timinofu, thunthu. M'kupita kwa nthawi, kugwedeza matalikidwe ukuwonjezeka, ndipo izi amasokoneza khalidwe zimachitika pa moyo.

Moyo amayembekezeka sikuti amadwala zizindikiro ubongo ndi kwina, ntchito wanzeru zimasungika.