Matenda a khunyu: Matenda ndi kusiyana kwa mitsempha

Matenda a m'maganizo - zinthu zoipa zomwe zimagwira ntchito m'maganizo - chodabwitsa chomwe chatsala pang'ono kuchitika. Matenda oterewa, chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa maganizo, amakhudzidwa makamaka ndi achinyamata: aliyense wachinayi waing'ono ku Ulaya ali ndi zolakwika. Pakati pa akuluakulu, ziwerengero zimatonthoza kwambiri: malinga ndi WHO, 15% ya anthu a ku Old World amapezeka ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.

Zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta zaumoyo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kapena kupsyinjika kosalekeza kumbuyo kwa kutopa kwachilendo ndi matenda ena okhwima. Ngati tiganizira za matenda a schizophrenia, ndiye kuti chitukukochi chikhoza kufotokozedwa momveka bwino: mu 33% amapezeka matendawa. Zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda aakulu aumphawi, monga lamulo, musamamvetsera, mukuyesera kutsogolera njira yamoyo. Pachifukwa ichi, nthawi zina matendawa amachititsa kudzipha.

Kenaka, zidzakhala za matendawa. Chizindikiro, kusiyana kwa schizophrenia kuchokera ku matenda a mitsempha, zifukwa za chitukuko cha matenda, njira zamankhwala ndi zizindikiro zidzalingaliridwa.

Kodi matendawa ndi otani?

Monga tanenera kale, matendawa ndi ofala ndipo nthawi zambiri amapita mobisa. Matenda otchedwa neurosis-like schizophrenia (subspecies olusa) - uwu ndiwo mawonekedwe a schizotypal matenda a psyche. Matendawa, chifukwa cha kuchotsedwa kwapitirira, amawoneka kuti ndi abwino kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yambiri ya schizophrenia. Popanda nyengo zoterezi, zolakwika zina za psyche nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa ndi odwala, zomwe zimasintha chidziwitso cha munthu ngakhale mankhwala oyenerera akuchitika.

Kuonjezerapo, izi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Zizindikiro zambiri zimakhala zofanana ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, koma chitukuko kwa odwala okhala ndi paranoia ndi mitundu ina ya schizophrenia mu matendawa sichidziwika.

Kuzindikira kuti matendawa amachititsa mavuto ena. Ziwonetsero za matendawa nthawi zambiri zimasokonezeka ndi matenda a neurosis, hysteria kapena psychasthenia, ndipo zizindikiro sizimamveka bwino nthawi zonse ndipo zimawonedwa nthawi zonse. Kutulutsidwa ndi mtundu uwu wa matenda a schizotypal ndi okhazikika kwambiri komanso kwautali. Nthawi zoterezi zikhoza kupitirira kwa miyezi ingapo kapena zaka. Vuto la kugonana, makamaka, lilipo, kotero chinthu chachikulu ndicho kuzindikira matendawa molondola kuti athe kupereka chithandizo cha panthawi yake.

Chofunika kwambiri cha matendawa ndi chonchi: wodwala nthawi zonse amadera nkhaŵa za zofooka za thupi lake, zovuta zimapangidwira, zomwe munthuyo amasintha makina. Odwala amaumirira kuti ali opanda ungwiro ndipo amakonza pa nkhaniyi. Kuonjezera apo, nthawi zambiri palinso maulendo a hallucinogenic - munthu amaoneka kuti ali ndi mawu pamutu pake.

Nthawi zambiri, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, matendawa akuwoneka paunyamata, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ophunzira okalamba asasokonezeke maganizo. Pomwe munthu ali ndi vuto lachisokonezo chachikulu, monga schizophrenia, zimakhudza onse ogonana ndi amphamvu kwambiri. Makhalidwe amenewa ndi osiyana kwambiri: Akazi amapanga zovala zosautsa komanso zosautsa, poyesa kubwezera zofooka zooneka bwino, amuna amakhalanso otsekemera kwambiri komanso ena amadzimadzimadzimodzi ngati kuzungulira nthawi zonse m'manja mwa pensulo.

Neurosis ndi schizophrenia: zofanana ndi kusiyana

Monga kusiyana kofunikira kwambiri kwa matendawa, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti: odwala omwe akudwala matendawa, atembenuzire madokotala ndikupempha thandizo. Ndipo anthu omwe amayamba kukhala ndi matenda a neurosis-ngati schizophrenia, kapena osazindikira vuto lalikulu ngatilo, kapena sakudziwa kuopsa kwa zotsatira zotheka, kusiya mtolowu pamapewa a achibale awo.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda zimakhala zosazindikiratu, ndichifukwa chake pali zovuta kupeza. Pokumbukira zaka za gulu lalikulu loopsya, pamene mwanayo, akukula, akusintha pamaso pathu, mavuto ena akuwonjezeredwa. Achinyamata mwa iwo okha amakhala ovuta komanso osakanikirana, choncho zimakhala zovuta kufotokozera matenda alionse (kuphatikizapo chifukwa cha zizindikiro zozizwitsa).

Kuwonjezera pamenepo, neurosis siimabwere popanda chifukwa. Kawirikawiri amatsogoleredwa ndi mantha aakulu kapena chingwe chalitali cha zovuta. Nthawi zina matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha kutopa kwanthawi zonse komanso kupitirira nthawi zonse (mwachitsanzo, kugwira ntchito mwakhama popanda kupuma ndi kupuma). Zosiyana mosiyana zimapangitsa kuti thupi lisawonongeke, monga schizophrenia: kusiyana kwa matenda a neurosis ndiko kuti ulesi schizotypal matenda angayambe kungokhala ndi chibadwa cha thupi. Panalibe zifukwa zina zomwe zimakhudza kuchitika kwa matendawa.

Poyambirira, zizindikiro m'ma matenda onsewa ndi ofanana, koma kenako kusiyana kwakukulu kumayamba kuonekera, chithunzi chachipatala chikusiyanitsidwa bwino. Neurosis siimapangitsa munthu kukhala ndi umunthu waumoyo, ngati njira yothetsera matenda a schizophrenia, ngakhale chifukwa cha zofewa zake zonse, imasiyabe chizindikiro cha umunthu wa munthuyo. Mu schizophrenia, kusayanjanitsika, kudzipatula nokha, kusasamala ndi kupeŵa chikhalidwe ndi khalidwe, nthawi zina zimakhala kuti munthu ali woyenera kulumala - wodwalayo sangathe kudzitumikira yekha.

Kusiyananso kwina kwa matendawa ndi chakuti khunyu ingathe kugonjetsedwa mwamsanga ndi popanda mavuto, omwe sungakhoze kunenedwa ponena za ubongo wochuluka ngati schizophrenia. Ngati simukuyambitsa chithandizo pakapita nthawi, chidziwitso cha munthuyo chidzapitirira nthawi zonse. Ndipo ngakhale poletsa zizindikiro ndi mankhwala, ndizosatheka kuthetseratu munthu wodwala matenda. Mubwino koposa, padzakhala mphotho yayitali.

Zomwe zimayambitsa maonekedwe a schizophrenia

Pakadali pano, zifukwa za matenda a mphutsi monga schizophrenia sizidziwika. Chofunika kwambiri chimaonedwa kuti ndi chosavomerezeka cha chibadwa, koma chimatanthauzanso zina zomwe zingayambitse maonekedwe a mtundu wa schizotypal disorder:

• Kusokonezeka kwa maganizo kuyambira ubwana;
• Kusokonezeka kwa chitukuko pa nthawi yoyamba;
• Kusamvana ndi ena (makamaka motalika, osowa);
• Mkhalidwe wosasangalatsa m'banja, pakuphunzira kapena kugwira ntchito;
• Kutenga mankhwala osokoneza bongo;
• Kukhala ndi nkhawa nthawi zonse, zovuta.

Gulu loopsya limaphatikizanso ana omwe ali ndi pakati ndi makolo atakwanitsa zaka makumi atatu ndi zisanu. Nthawi yowonongeka yomwe imakhala ndi mimba ingakhale yovuta ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana, kotero kuti pakhale nthawi yeniyeni yowunika matenda omwe angakhalepo, ana ayenera kupatsidwa chidwi chenicheni kwa mabanja awo.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a schizophrenia omwe ali ndi matendawa amayamba kupeza matenda ena. Chimodzi mwa mavuto omwe nthawi zambiri amakumana nawo ndi matenda a khunyu, monga schizophrenia ndi anorexia, kumene atsikana aang'ono amapezeka poyera. Dysmorphophobia (kukhudzidwa ndi lingaliro la kuipa kwaumwini) nthawi zambiri amatsogolera odwala kuti aphedwe. Komanso, odwala ambiri amadziimba mlandu okha chifukwa cha zolakwa zawo. Kusiyanitsa kumakhala kusweka, kupwetekedwa ngati matenda a schizophrenia kumalepheretsa munthu yemwe ali ndi mwayi kulankhula nawo bwinobwino ndi anthu oyandikana nawo.

Zikuwonekeratu kuti ndi zovuta bwanji ndi matendawa monga schizophrenia (kusiyana ndi neurosis). Pachiyambi choyamba, pali kukana kwathunthu kupezeka kwa vuto ndi kusowa kwa mankhwala, m'chigawo chachiŵiri, wodwala amayesera kulankhulana ndi ena kuti akope chidwi ndi kupeza thandizo.

Chizindikiro cha schizophrenia ndi neurosis

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kufanana kwa schizophrenia ndi neurosis kumayambiriro koyambirira ndi kwakukulu kwambiri. Kusiyanitsa kosaoneka kulipo, mwachitsanzo, pakudziwika kwa nkhawa ya wodwalayo, akuvutika ndi kusintha kwa matenda a psyche. Ndi nthendayi, munthu amadzibisa mwachangu zochitika zake, samalumikizana m'nkhani zakumverera ndipo amateteza malo ake enieni. Pankhaniyi, nthawi zambiri wodwala amafunafuna katswiri yemwe angathandize kuthana ndi chidwi. Surozophrenia (Neurosis-like-schizophrenia), imakhalanso ndi khalidwe losiyana-siyana: wodwala amachita zinthu mwachikondi, kuwonetsa cholakwa, nkhawa ndi nkhawa, zomwe zimawonekera makamaka paunyamata.

Zisonyezero zina zaululu wodwala matendawa monga schizophrenia ndi awa:

• Kudandaula kosalekeza kwa nkhawa ndi okondedwa awo, mantha a tsogolo;
• Zokambirana za kugonana sizimathandizidwa ndi odwala, zimamupangitsa kuti asamangoganizira;
• Palibe chidwi chokwanira kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha;
• Munthu amatsatira miyambo inayake pazochitika zonse zapakhomo (mwachitsanzo, asanayambe kudya apulo, wodwalayo amachiyeretsa ndi kuidula mu 8 ma lobulu, kubwereza nthawi zonse);
• Kuwombera kosalekeza kwa chogwirira, lamba kuchokera ku zovala kapena zinthu zina zomwe zili m'manja.

Kawirikawiri, zochita zofananako (makamaka ngati siziwonekera) odwala omwe ali pafupi ndi odziwa bwino samamvetsera. Anthu oterewa amangotchedwa kutentheka, kutenga chilichonse monga momwe zilili. Kwa dokotala, odwala, monga lamulo, samagwira ntchito, samamwa mankhwala.

Kuopsa ndi matenda ngati amenewa, ngati matenda a khunyu, ndi chizindikiro chomwe munthu amene wakonzedweratu pazinthu zowonongeka akhoza kuchita chinthu choipa ndi iye mwini. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a schizophrenia omwe ali ndi vuto lachisokonezo nthawi zambiri amapezeka kuti ali pansi pa mpeni wa opaleshoni ya pulasitiki chifukwa chofuna kusintha maonekedwe awo ndi kubisala zolakwa zawo. Anthu ambiri oterewa amadzipha okha ndi zakudya zolimba, amapanga jekeseni wa "kukongola msanga" ndikudzipangitsa okha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Zopanda pake za zomwe odwala amachita, nthawi zambiri, zimawonekera kwa ena. Nthawi zina ngakhale munthu woterowo amawonetsa nkhanza, amamukakamiza achibale komanso anzake kuti azisunga miyambo ina. Kuwonjezera apo, zizindikiro za matendawa zimaphatikizapo kugona koipa, kudzipatula nokha (mwa njira, ichi ndicho chizindikiro chofala kwambiri cha schizophrenia palimodzi) ndi kusokoneza maganizo.

Ndani angathandize pa izi?

Woyamba pa mndandanda wa anthu omwe angathe kuthetsa vuto la matendawa ndi a dokotala. Makamaka, ndi wothandizira komanso wodwala matenda a maganizo, kuphatikizapo, nthawi zina kuyankhulana kwa katswiri wa narcology kumafunika.

Ngati chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana chinali kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, katswiri wa mbiri yakale yekha ndi amene adzatha kusonkhanitsa chithunzi chenicheni cha matendawa ndi kupeza chithandizo cha mankhwala. Pa ulendo woyamba kwa katswiri, wodwalayo adzafunika kuyankha mafunso angapo. Kukambitsirana kudzakambirana za kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mowa, banja, ntchito kapena kuphunzira. Deta (yomwe pambuyo pake inayesedwa ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo) idzakuthandizira kutsimikizira kapena kukana kupezeka kwa matendawa ndi kupeza chifukwa chake ngati matenda a psyche akuchitikabe. Kuonjezerapo, wodwalayo adzapatsidwa mayesero a maganizo ndi kuyesedwa pa zipangizo zapadera kuti akambirane. Pambuyo pomaliza kukonza zotsatirazo zidzakhala zotheka kupereka mankhwala.

Zina mwa gulu la "othandizira" ndi achibale ndi mabwenzi a munthu amene akudwala matenda. Thandizo lochokera pansi pa mtima lidzakuthandizira kukwaniritsidwa kwa nthawi ya chikhululukiro chokhazikika ndikubwerera ku moyo wambiri. Izi ndi zofunika makamaka ngati wodwalayo ali wachinyamata. Achinyamata amakhala okhudzidwa kwambiri kuposa achikulire, kotero kuti kukhululukidwa kwambiri kungachititse kudzipha. Tsekani anthu ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa khalidwe la munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda a schizophrenia, ngati chifukwa cha chiopsezo chachikulu choterocho. Chikondi ndi chithandizo komanso momwe zingathere kumathandizira kuti mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo ukhale wosasunthika, kumuthandizani kuchoka kudziko lake lodzipatula ndikuyankhulana ndi ena.

Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti pseudo-neurotic (neurosis-like) schizophrenia ndi yoopsa monga mtundu wa "classical" wa schizotypic disorder. Kukhalapo kwa maulendo ndi "mawu mumutu" kungapweteke wodwalayo kudzivulaza okha kapena ena.

Chithunzi cha kuchipatala, chomwe chimapangidwa mu matenda a maganizo

Ambiri mwa odwala ali achinyamata komanso achinyamata, omwe zaka zawo zimasiyana zaka 13 mpaka 20. Amatchulidwa mu matenda, syndromes a dysmorphomania ndi dysmorphophobia: wodwala amadzikhulupirira yekha ndi ena mwa umoyo wake, ndi mbali yeniyeni ya thupi (mkono, mwendo, mphuno, khutu) nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa. Vuto limene wodwalayo amapeza limakhala lopanda lingaliro, koma nthawi zambiri pamakhala vuto lochepa lomwe siliwoneka.

Chinthu chinanso cha odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a neurosis-monga schizophrenia - anthu oterewa amatha kugunda nzeru zawo ndi kumathera maola ambiri kuganizira nkhani zomwezo. Mafunso obwerezabwereza omwe anthu omwe amavutika ndi matenda a m'maganizo amakonda kukambirana ndi zifukwa za kukhalapo kwa munthu padziko lapansi, kutsuka miyoyo ya munthu wina ndi anthu onse.

Maganizo a "amuyaya", monga lamulo, amangokhala chabe mapulani omwe sagwiritsanso ntchito zenizeni. Wodwala samvetsera mwatsatanetsatane ndi kutsutsidwa kwina, akufuna kuti apite mwakuya kwambiri ndikulemba maganizo ake muzolemba. Kawirikawiri sikutheka kupanga mzere kuchokera pazolembedwa ndi munthu woteroyo.

Nkhawa yaikulu, yomwe ndi yaumunthu, ndi ena mwa anthu omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda a schizophrenia (zizindikiro zingakhalenso zizindikiro za matenda ena). Chibadwa cha kudzipulumutsa, mantha achilengedwe a moyo ndi thanzi lawo, ndizosiyana kwa iwo mu mawonekedwe opotozedwa, nthawi zina odwala amawopa ngakhale zinthu zamba. Kuti ateteze okha, anthu omwe ali ndi schizophrenia amachita miyambo yaying'ono, yachilendo. Mwachitsanzo, amagona m'masokosi ndi chipewa.

Kuwonjezera apo, anthu oterewa nthawi zambiri amayendera ndi hypochondria. Matendawa amadziwika nthawi zonse pofuna kufufuza zizindikiro za matenda aakulu ndi osachiritsika, omwe palibe munthu amene adakhalapo kale. Wodwala akudziyesa yekha kuti akudwala kwambiri, monga lamulo, matenda osadziwika kwa sayansi, ndipo posachedwapa adzafa. Khalidwe lofananalo lingakhalenso khalidwe la ana omwe ali ndi vuto losokonezeka.

Njira zothandizira matenda osokoneza bongo monga schizophrenia

Popeza kuti matendawa sakuonongeka kwakukulu ndipo samayambitsa moyo ndi thanzi la munthu mwiniwakeyo komanso ena, chithandizo cha schizophrenia sichimapereka mndandanda wa mankhwala apadera. Kawirikawiri, osalimba mtima ndi odwala matendawa amalembedwa, omwe sagwira ntchito mwamphamvu mu thupi lonse ndi ubongo makamaka, koma amathandiza kuthetsa zovuta ndi maganizo ovuta.

Ngati matendawa ayamba kufalikira, ndiye kuti kuchotseratu kuvutika maganizo kumapatsa odwala matenda opatsirana. Koma chokha, ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyenera, ndi kovuta kwambiri kuti tuluke mudziko lino, kotero a psychotherapists amagwiritsa ntchito magulu ndi njira zawo zothetsera matenda oterowo.

Patsogolo ntchito kuyambira (makamaka gulu) ndi opirira, dotolo azitha kukumana naye. Panali nthawi zina zimene munthu wodwala nadzinenera kuti iye ndi thanzi langwiro ndiponso m'gulu adakana pamaso pa misala, patapita mlungu umodzi wodwala anaukitsidwa. Chithandizo akhoza anachedwa, koma m'kupita odwala ambiri ankakhulupirira kuti atengere dziko.

madokotala ananena zawo

Mental matenda (gwero lachisokonezo akuchita misala) Kuona ndi zabwino pafupifupi 100% ya milandu. Pali, ndithudi, njira ya kusintha kwa mtundu wina wa matenda, koma ngati sewero ndi chodziwikiratu.

Kudzipha limapezeka mbiri ndithu chidwi chiwerengero cha odwala, koma anamaliza zoyesayesa musalumphe 2% ya kuika lonse la odwala. Chochitika Kalanga chosowa kwambiri chifukwa cha polojekiti pafupi odwala kale matenda.

Kulumala anthu akuchita misala, gwero lachisokonezo amagwira ntchito infrequently. Pambuyo njira ya mankhwala ndi isanayambike nyengo chikhululukiro munthu wakukhala membala zonse za anthu ndipo akhoza mosadalira kudzisamalira pa mlingo banja.

mbiri Mwachitsanzo

Mapangidwe kumvetsa bwino chikhalidwe cha matenda m'pofunika dziŵani ndi zalembedwa deta pa odwala amene akuvutika wachisokonezo schizotypal (gwero lachisokonezo akuchita misala). Mbiri ya matenda wodwala ndi nthenda ya (pokhapo titachitapo kumene, kumvetsa mutuwo) chili m'munsimu.

Pa phwando ali ndithu mkazi wabwino mu maonekedwe omwe sakanakhoza amati kuli matenda m'bongo: ndi owonjezera zopakapaka, kawirikawiri kum'dula pakamwa pa kukambiranako kuti pagalasi, zaukhondo, koma zovala zoipa. Wonyong'onya mawu, nkhope mawu ndi manja kugula, ndi mtsogolo, ndi mbiri zotsimikizirika matenda.

The kafukufuku za mkhalidwe wa nyumba anapereka deta zotsatirazi: bambo - munthu wosamalitsa kwambiri, mayi wake - wabwino koma udzafunidwa mkazi, mlongo wamkulu ndi nkhani ya amisala, Agogo anali wadwala matenda okhudza ubongo. Choncho, kuwululidwa akumane chibadwa.

Iye anandiuza za changu mofulumira chiwalo chachimuna, kuphatikizapo kuti achinyamata pambuyo isanayambike waledzera wa akuchita misala anasiya powasamalira. Kenako, mkazi uja anauza za mau mu mutu wanga, amene anaonekera pambuyo malamulo a kulankhulana ndi ena. mawu zinali wamwamuna, poyamba analankhula makamaka Kuthokoza, kenako anayamba kupereka malamulo, kulimbikitsa kuchitapo kanthu. Timatha gwero lachisokonezo akuchita misala kuzindikiridwa bwino.

Wodwala kudzibisa ena ake "kucheza" ndi mawu, ndipo posakhalitsa anaikidwa ku chipatala. Patapita nthawi iye m'chipatala. Pa zaka ziwiri, mkazi zowawa kudumpha angapo pachimake, ndiye boma kokhazikika.

Wodwala kunachitidwa Kukambirana ndi zochita za ntchito njira zina maganizo, woikidwa mankhwala. Gawo lirilonse la mankhwala chinatenga avareji masabata asanu ndi atatu. Pamene nthawi ya khola chikhululukiro mkazi mosamala, ndipo kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo ndi zinyengo idaleka.

pomaliza

matenda otengera zovuta kupewa, koma matenda ndi mankhwala mu magawo oyambirira chitukuko n'zotheka kupewa mitundu yonse ya zotsatira zoipa. Tiyenera kumvetsera kwambiri abale amene ali pa chiopsezo, ndipo usasiye popanda thandizo la achinyamata. Ngati pali zizindikiro zapadera mwamsanga kupita kwa dokotala popanda kuyembekezera chitsimikiziro cha yopeka.