Maphunziro a mafuta otha kufalitsa ndi makhalidwe awo. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta opatsirana

Zogulitsa zinthu, zomwe ndizofunika kuti zitha kupatsira, musamamvetsetse. Kuyika mu makina a gear sikusinthidwa nthawi zambiri monga injini. Mafuta otumizira ndi mafuta omwe ntchito yake yaikulu ndi kupanga filimu yotetezera pamagetsi onse a gear, mabotolo opititsa patsogolo, milatho ndi zosiyana. Ndili ndi magalimoto ochepa kwambiri. Tiyeni tiphunzire mafuta a mauthenga opatsirana ndi maonekedwe awo. Izi ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa eni ake a galimoto.

Zambiri zadzidzidzi

Mosasamala kanthu kalasi ya mafuta yotenga kachilomboka, mankhwalawa amachokera ku chotsitsa chomwe chinapezeka poyeretsa mafuta odzola. Komanso, mankhwala osiyanasiyana a distillate ndi zowonjezera amawonjezedwa apa. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala phosphorous, sulfure, molybdenum disulphides ndi zinthu zina zofanana. Dziko lisanayambe kuwonekera magalimoto okhala ndi magalimoto othandizira kwambiri, nigrol ankagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mafuta. Mamasukidwe ake anali ochokera 6 mpaka 20 mm ² / s pa kutentha kwa madigiri 100. Tsegulani njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha mafuta ochepetsetsa okhala ndi zowonjezera. Mamasukidwe awo amtunduwu amakhala pakati pa 50 ndi 500 mm ² / s pa kutentha kwa madigiri 100.

Kodi mafuta opatsirana ndi otani?

Talingalira mwachidule chifukwa chake mafuta amafunikira mu njira yopatsirana. Zida zimenezi zimafunika kuchepetsa kuthamanga pakagwiritsidwe ntchito magalasi ndi njira zina. Chifukwa cha kugwiritsira ntchito mafuta, kuvala kwa magawo opatsirana kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, mphamvu zowonongeka zowonongeka zimachepetsedwa. Chifukwa cha mafuta, kutentha kwakukulu kumachotsedwa ku mbali. Maonekedwe a magalasi ndi njira zimatetezedwa kuti asawonongeke. M'mayiko osiyanasiyana amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta awo. Komanso amagawidwa mosiyana.

Chiyero cha Russia

Mafuta a mafuta opatsirana ndi maonekedwe awo ku Russia akulamulidwa ndi ma GOST a nthawi za Soviet. Monga chilembo chachikulu, chomwe chidziwitso chonse cha mafuta ogulitsira maunitelo ndi magulu opatsirana akugwiritsidwa ntchito, GOST 17479.2-85 imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Muyezo uwu umapereka magulu anayi a mafuta. Amasiyana mosiyanasiyana - awa ndi 9, 12, 18 ndi 34. Zonse zomwe zilipo zimagawidwa m'magulu molingana ndi zotsatira za mamasukidwe akayendedwe a mamasukidwe akayendedwe pa kutentha kwa madigiri 100. Chigawo chachiwiri ndi kutentha kwapadera komwe ma viscosity omwe ali amphamvu sali oposa 150 Pa / s.

Mafuta otumizira, zida zawo ndi zizindikiro zawo zingagawidwe m'magulu akulu asanu. Yoyamba ndi zinthu zomwe zilibe zowonjezera. M'magulu otsalawo, zigawozi zimaloledwa. Mphamvu ndi maonekedwe a zowonjezera zimawonjezeka mofanana ndi nambala ya gulu. Gawo lachisanu likuphatikizapo mafuta a ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

Gulu loyamba

Gululi limaphatikizapo zipangizo zomwe zimakhala zokhazokha, ndipo ziribe zowonjezera. Mafutawa amapangidwa kuti apangidwe mu nyongolotsi, zowonongeka, zozungulira. Chilolezo chovomerezeka chikuchokera ku 900 mpaka 1500 MPa pa kutentha kwa madigiri 90.

Gulu lachiwiri

Amakhalanso ndi mafuta ophikira m'magazi, koma ali ndi zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimateteza zigawozo kuti zisamveke. Mafuta amtundu wa mavitaminiwa ndi maonekedwe awo ndi oyenerera kugwira ntchito mu mphutsi, zitsulo, ndi magalasi ena, pomwe katunduyo amatha kufika 2100 MPa kutentha mpaka madigiri 130.

Gulu lachitatu

Izi ndi mafuta amchere owonjezera omwe amatsutsa. Zowonjezera muzidazi zimakhudzidwa kwambiri. Mafutawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mavitamini ozungulira, ozungulira, a hypoid. Pano, katundu wochulukirapo ndi 2500 MPa ndipo kutentha kumafikira madigiri 150.

Gulu lachinayi

Izi ndi mafuta omwe ali ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera. Zimapangidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito, pamene katundu wokwanira sangapitilire MPA 3000 pamtunda wotentha wa madigiri 150. Mmodzi mwa oimira awo ndi mafuta opatsirana "Lukoil", omwe amavomereza kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pa magalimoto oyendetsa galimoto.

Gulu lachisanu

Awa ndi mafuta onse, omwe ali ndi mapepala a zowonjezera zonse. Kawirikawiri zimakhala zambiri. Mawotchi okhudzidwa kwambiri sali oposa 3000 MPa, ndipo kutentha kwakukulu sikuposa madigiri 150.

Momwe mungatchulire katundu wamkati

Mafuta a mafuta opatsirana ndi maonekedwe awo ali pamtundu wapadera. Zikuwoneka monga chonchi: TM-5-9 (3). Pano, TM akuti mankhwalawa ndi mafuta opatsirana. Digit 5 imanena kuti izi ndizimene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Makhalidwe 9 ndi 3 akuwonetsa kuti izi ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi tsamba lochepetsetsa mamasukidwe akayendedwe.

Kodi makhalidwe a mafuta a gear ndi ati?

Masiku ano, magalimoto osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magalasi ndi magalasi. Choncho, malingana ndi mapangidwe a unit, mtundu wa kupatsirana ndi magawo ena, mawonekedwe a mafuta opatsirana amadziwika.

Chinthu chabwino chiyenera kukhala ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• Mafuta ayenera kukhala ndi katundu woopsa kwambiri komanso katundu wotsutsa.
• Komanso, mankhwalawa ali ndi makhalidwe apamwamba a viscosity nthawi zonse kutentha. Chifukwa cha ichi, mafuta amtengo wapatali amaperekedwa pamene bokosi la gear limagwira ntchito yozizira. Zizindikirozi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kupereka mankhwalawo ndi mlingo woyenera wa mamasukidwe akayendedwe.
• Mafuta otumizira ayenera kukhala otsika kwambiri. Izi ndi zofunika kwa mbali zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zopanda chitsulo.
• Chikhalidwe chapadera ndicho kukhazikika kwa mchere wokhudzana ndi kutentha. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti nthawi zonse mamasukidwe akayendedwe.
• Chinthu china chofunika kwambiri ndicho chitetezo chokwanira ku dzimbiri ndipo zimakhudza kwambiri zipangizo zamagetsi.

Nambala ndi API

Mafuta a mafuta opatsirana ndi maonekedwe awo amadziwikiranso malinga ndi dongosolo la API. Izi ndizofanana ndi GOST Russian. Koma apa tizingoganizira osati ma viscosity okhawo, komanso mthunzi umene ili kapena mafutawa ndi oyenera:

• API GL-1 ndi maziko ofunika kwambiri, omwe alibe zowonjezera. Ikonzedwa kuti igwire ntchito muzitsulo zotulutsidwa ndi zovuta. конусной и червячной. Mafutawa angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu makina opangira magetsi, komanso magalasi - ngodya ndi nyongolotsi.

• GL-2 ndizofunikira mchere wa mafuta ndi zowonjezera zotsutsa. Chitetezochi n'chothandiza kwambiri ngati chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu njira ndi mtengo wolemera. Mafutawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyendetsa magalimoto ndi mafakitale.
• GL-3 ili ndi, kuphatikizapo mafuta oyambira, zowonjezera zomwe zimatetezanso. Chiwerengero chawo ndi 2.7% ya chiwerengerocho. Mafuta amenewa amathandizidwa kuti azitha kumanga magalimoto a magalimoto. Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa mu hypoid transmissions
• GL-4 - mafuta apadziko lonse, okonzedwa kuti azitenga zonse. Zowonjezerazo zili ndi maziko ochepetsetsa mchere komanso zowonjezera zowonjezera peresenti ya 4%. Mafutawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito makina oyendetsa magetsi popanda ma synchronizers. Kwa ma bokosi a magalasi oyenera, izi zimakhala zoyenera, ndipo ntchito yawo idzapangitsa kuti mabokosiwa azigwira bwino ntchito. Mafuta amakhala ndi zowonjezera 50% zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana.

• GL-5 ndizopadera zomwe zimakonzedwa kuti zizigwira ntchito pamtundu waukulu. Pano pali zowonjezera 6.5% zowonjezera. Mafuta ozungulira onsewa. Makhalidwe ake ndi abwino ku misonkhano yambiri. Koma mankhwalawa si abwino kwa CAT iliyonse.

Kutsiliza

. Choncho, tinayang'ana mafuta a mauthenga opatsirana ndi maonekedwe awo . Monga mukuonera, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafuta. Posankha mafuta abwino oyenera kuyang'ana pa kalasi yake ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe, komanso pa zomwe akupanga.