MANPADS "Igla": makhalidwe, photos, ofunsira

Kale pa nkhondo yachiwiri ndege ulamuliro pa zisudzo za nkhondo zinali zofunika. Modern lalikulu ntchito asilikali ndi limodzi ntchito mazana a ndege, kuphatikizapo opanda. Kutsutsa kuopseza machitidwe mpweya ntchito mpweya chitetezo ndi chida chitetezo, lomwe kusiyana malinga ndi mfundo ya kanthu, ndi utali wozungulira ogwira ndi digiri ya kuyenda. Mu zaka 70, lalikulu ambiri wearable machitidwe chitetezo kunyamula mpweya cholinga kutsutsa kuukira mwatsatanetsatane chuma ndege, panopa umaimiridwa ndi Helicopters kuukira, ndege, kuukira ndege UAVs.

Pa Russian Army tichipeza MANPADS "Igla". chida ichi ali ndi dzuwa mkulu, anatsimikizira zimene zinachitikira ntchito nkhondowo (mpaka okha mphamvu yachilendo), ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, wodalirika ochepa kukula ndi kulemera.

MANPADS mu USSR

Development wa m'banja odana ndege machitidwe zida ndi luso kukhazikitsa ndi projectile molunjika kuchokera phewa anayamba mu USSR pasadakhale. Mu theka lachiwiri la 60s asilikali Soviet ali mitundu iwiri ya kunyamula mpweya chitetezo chida system ( "Mivi Yanu" ndi "Muvi-2"). chida ichi zinali ndi ubwino ambiri mwa amene anali:

- maonekedwe mwadzidzidzi machitidwe chitetezo mpweya m'madera mdani ndege pamaso kuopseza si anamva;

- luso kugunda mipherezero pa mtunda ndithu (pa 4 km) ndi kutalika lolingana kuti pa zomwe nthawi zambiri ndi "ntchito" pansi pa mipherezero kuukira ndege ( "Skyhawk", "Phantom" kapena "Skayrayder") - kuchokera 1500 meters 3000;

- kuchepetsa mofulumira mu malo kufalitsidwa;

- yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kuphunzitsa ogwira, kuphatikizapo yachilendo;

- pa compactness wachibale;

- kuphweka mwachibale kwa yosungirako ndi mayendedwe zinthu.

Ngakhale nkhondowo mkulu makhalidwe ena mphindi zosasangalatsa, zimene akatswiri asilikali akhala akudzudzula MANPADS "Strela". "Singano" udaikidwa ndendende kuti mugonjetse mavuto.

Kugunda basi pambuyo, ndi kwa

The drawback waukulu "Mivi" anali mu luso lawo kugunda mipherezero pambuyo sachokera kwa kubisa kumbuyo chinthu. Kawirikawiri ndege mdani akhoza kuwomberedwa pansi pokhapokha ntchito ndi bomba kapena chida ananyoza. Kumene, "kubwezera" magulu kuteteza anali ngati odana ndi ndege gunners okha anapulumuka. "Muvi" kumenya anawalondola, ndipo asilikali anafuna zida zimene anagunda ndege pomenyana lidzawombana, kuyembekeza kumawononga angathe.

Nthawi zina, ntchito mchitidwe anadabwa, kunali kotheka kwa bwino ngakhale izi chilema kapangidwe - "nsomba" mdani ndi kuchititsa nkhonya wonyenga overflying ndege, anakhalabe padera. Choncho mu 1969, asilikali Aigupto massively ntchito kunyamula zovuta "Strela-2" Israeli "Phantom", kuthamanga pa okwera otsika kwambiri, kupha asanu ndi limodzi pa tsiku. Koma mdani akhoza kuphunzira posachedwa mphamvu ya MANPADS Soviet anakana, ngakhale ubwino wawo akali anakhalabe unquestionable. Iwo ali zimakhudza maganizo, kukakamiza oyendetsa adani zinthu mopupuluma kuyambira wamng'ono mpaka pamwamba chachikulu, konse kumverera otetezeka. Koma iye anakadandaula kwa mphamvu luso kukumana kugunda, osati pambuyo.

ntchito boma SP losagonjetseka

sangathe wina wogwidwa ndi "Mivi" ndi omwe amapewa ndiAmene wa MANPADS "Igla" ndi kupanda zachiwawa mphamvu kunkhondo mutu. Si onse polasa kuti sitingakumane kwe ndipo ingapatse zinawonongeka kwambiri. Umoyo stormtroopers amadzuka, nozzle limene anathamangira mivi ndi matenthedwe mutu chiongoko yopangidwa ndi zisulo chimene chingathe kupirira mkulu zotsatira matenthedwe ndi baric, ndi ndege nthawi zonse anali ndi mwayi wobwerera ku likulu lawo, kenako kukonza kachiwiri anaopseza. Akusokoneza ndi zotsatira za "blurring" pa ndege mtsinje kuphulika yoweyula ndi zinthu n'koopsa. Ndi ichi kunali koyenera kuchita chinachake.

Mu 1971, boma la Soviet anaganiza kukhazikitsa latsopano zovuta, luso kulimbana ndi masiku ambiri ndi patsogolo pa nthawi kuti kudzera mpweya kuukira mwatsatanetsatane msinkhu, chomwe chingathe kukhala mdani angathe. Kolomenskoye zomangamanga mamangidwe amasinthira anali kampani kholo, zokhudzana ntchito anachita ndi mabungwe ena (CDB zida, Institute Research wa kuyeza zida ndi Leningrad kucheza LOMO). Mtsogoleri waukulu kumene anayamba ndithu mwachibadwa anakhala Academician SP losagonjetseka. The chida latsopano ankatchedwa MANPADS "Igla". Makhalidwe (chandamale liwiro, ndi Mwina chiwonongeko kutalika) ayenera, monga pempho boma, kwambiri outperformed "Mivi-3 '(kusinthidwa lomaliza).

Kuchenjera ndi kuchenjerera

Njira chachikulu kutsata mivi odana ndege ali kale kale kutentha kufufuza kumanzere injini ya ndegeyo. Njira imeneyi kudziwa malangizo a projectile anali osavuta, koma anali nazo zolakwika kwambiri. Chikadzangotha milandu loyamba la ntchito bwino ndege ndi zipangizo anaonekera anafuna kuti akanyenge machitidwe matenthedwe Rada kuimira mphukira Pyrocartridges kuti akonze chandamale onyenga. Choncho anaganiza akonzekeretse MANPADS "Igla" wapawiri-njira infuraredi malangizo mutu, zida ndi photodetectors. Development wa dongosolo kuti amatha kusiyanitsa pakati pa ndege weniweni matenthedwe kutentha kufufuza "misampha", anachedwa kwa owonjezera zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, koma zinalephereka. Analidi mwaukadaulo kovuta, zokwanira basi kutchula kuti photodetector waukulu pambuyo kumasulira projectile mu malo yowotcha ali utakhazikika ndi kutentha otsika kwambiri pafupi ziro mtheradi (-200 ° C). Chifukwa cha zimenezi, dongosolo basi, zida ndi mfundo zomveka, akuyerekeza kuwerenga masensa awiri. Ndipo ngati yowonjezera njira chizindikiro mlingo n'chozama kupitirira pansi, cholinga limanenedwa ngati zododometsa, ndipo kafukufuku ikuchitika malinga ngati roketi sadzaona chinthu chenicheni.

Pali wina luso funso lofunika limene mayankho kwambiri adakula nkhondowo mphamvu ya MANPADS "Igla". MwaukadauloZida kuukira ndege makhalidwe survivability zimadalira malo kukhudzana ndi projectile, ndipo nozzle - si wangwiro, kulozera aligorivimu lili njira zina, kupereka kusintha malangizo vekitala wa roketi (kasinthasintha wathunthu) pa mbali yomaliza ya njira yodutsamo kuti mpirawo anagunda fuselage. Kuchita mchitidwe uwu yomanga chipolopolo amapereka thrusters zina.

dongosolo chiongoko ndi mafyuzi

KB Akatswiri m'zonse anayesa kuchepetsa kulemera kwa kunyamula zovuta "Igla". MANPADS ndi chida conceptually yaying'ono Chinapangidwa ntchito msilikali umodzi. Misa zikutchinga mankhwala ali unit nkhondowo roketi, n'chimodzimodzi ndi "akugunda" (1170 g), koma mphamvu yake (zachiwawa) mphamvu ndi apamwamba kwambiri. Komanso, n'zomveka ndithu njira anali kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta unspent monga zina woopsa mphamvu, umene ndi chipangizo wakupambulika dzinache jenereta ndi zachiwawa. Tinabadwa detonator izi kumayambika ndi angatifooketsere a mlandu waukulu ndipo zimatenga mode ndi wozengereza moto mafuta mu yomweyo mankhwala anachita wa makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi kumasulidwa ndalama yaikulu mphamvu. Kusakaniza awiri: kukhudzana (adamulowetsa ndi mwachindunji kukhudzana) ndi kupatsidwa ulemu (misampha maginito chandamale mtunda). BLT mtundu - mkulu-zachiwawa.

General zida ndi zipangizo

MPADS "singano" monga ena kunyamula maofesi mwatsatanetsatane mlingo VOP ndi Launcher chubu imene mzinga Nkhata Bay, ergonomic khasu. Kuti chichokereni chida akhoza sakutaya ndi chowombelera, ndondomeko poyambira lagawidwa magawo awiri. Poyamba, nthawi yomweyo pambuyo kutsegula njira yolimbanirana ndi chida ejection amapezeka ku mbiya mwa wapadera mlandu otsika mphamvu. Patapita mamita angapo kuchokera ndege laser mtengo Launcher afunika amachita zazikulu (zosagwiritsa) wa chopopera olimba. Pa nthawi yomweyo loko atachotsedwa gawo loyamba, kuteteza mwangozi kuphulika mutu. Wabwela chida kulimbana chikhalidwe ngakhale pambuyo masekondi angapo, zouluka ndi mamita 250.

Kuwonjezera pa Launch chubu munali roketi 9P322 ndi kukhala wosakwatiwa ntchito mankhwala, zida MPADS "Singano" okonzeka ndi choyambitsa (9P519-1) kuchokera wondifunsayo 1L14 (ndi okwera mtengo komanso ovuta kuwamvetsetsa, zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri) ndi zipangizo piritsi 1L15-1 (kwa mofulumira nzeru zambiri ntchito pa zinthu magalimoto).

Pakuti ntchito gulu Ziyeneranso ndi ulendo yam'manja. Kufufuza Kutukula ndi ulamuliro dongosolo anayamba akonzedwa wapadera wa KPS.

Kuti "Igla-1" tinatengera kwa "Strela"

Mu theka lachiwiri la makumi asanu ndi awiri ndi asangalatsi ndi makasitomala zinaonekeratu kuti mu nthawi yake Kolomenskoye makina zomanga amasinthira si woyenera. Kuchedwa amachititsa akuchedwa kukula kwa mankhwala 9E140 (homing). Kunapezeka ovuta kwambiri, chilengedwe ake limodzi ndi mavuto ambiri. Chida anali pang'ono. Kuti athandize kumbali otaya chitsanzo ndi Soviet Army ndi zomwe kuloŵerera zina za umisiri, anaganiza pakati. MANPADS "Igla-1", amawatenga Commission boma mu 1978, anali okonzeka ndi umodzi-njira GSN ndi "Mivi". Pamene zovuta latsopanoli ankasiyana kuchuluka mphamvu mlandu ndi makhalidwe bwino luso (kuchuluka kwa 5.2 Km utali wozungulira wa ntchito, n'zotheka zolinga chotupa counterpropagating). Mu 1982, anali anamaliza chiyesedwe cha wapawiri-njira homing, kunachititsa latsopano kunyamula mpweya chitetezo dongosolo la kutsogolo, wotchedwa MANPADS "Igla-2."

"Singano" zosintha "A", "H" ndi "C"

Zovuta otchedwa kakang'ono molimba Launch chubu kutalika 1 mita 70 cm - pafupifupi kutalika anthu. Makamaka mfundo chowopsa kuchokera paratroopers anayamba wovuta kwambiri yaying'ono. Special yafupika "Mphungu" analengedwera kwa iwo. MANPADS mu malo apangidwe ndi lalifupi ndi 60 cm.

Kusinthidwa wa "H" amakhala ndi mkulu mphamvu brisant mutu. Mbali chomwecho ndi khalidwe la Baibulo chachitatu cha zovuta, wolandiridwa index "C". Koma kuwonjezera kumatheka mkulu-zachiwawa kugawikana warhead, chida ali lama fuyusi wapawiri (kuphatikizapo contactless) ndi khalidwe lina lofunika kwambiri, chifukwa cha zomwe chipangizo zotchedwa. "C" - kutanthauza "lopinda", mu malo zoyendera - mu theka.

makhalidwe a

TTX MANPADS "Igla" chidwi ndi zogwirizana ndi zofuna za mofulumira XXI atumwi. liwiro la roketi pa njira cholinga - zoposa 2,100 km / h. Pa mtunda wa 5200 mamita mu ndege kapena ndege, zouluka pa liwiro la ku 1150 Km / h ikakhala kuti 2500 mamita akhoza kugwidwa patapita Mwina 63%.

Pamene kuwombera lidzawombana chandamale liwiro akhoza kukhala apamwamba mpaka 1300 Km / h. Choka galimoto ndewu chikhalidwe kunyamula zovuta akhoza kukhala laling'ono monga masekondi 13.

Chiwerengerochi onse youma zikutanthauza mwayi kwambiri, amene ali msilikali wina chabe, onyamula 9K38 MANPADS "Igla". Iye akhoza kuthana ndi zinthu otsika-zouluka, monga ndege za helikoputala adzaukira ndi mivi sitima, amene chifukwa flatness wa njira yodutsamo ndi choopsa kwambiri kwa asilikali pansi.

Komanso, dongosolo kulamulira amatha kusiyanitsa ankhanza ndege chifukwa cha Integrated kuzindikira dongosolo "mnzanu kapena mdani".

mawu Special amayenera chomasuka ntchito MANPADS "Igla". Nkhondowo malangizo Buku lilibe ambiri mfundo zikhoza kupangidwa kuyambira udindo uliwonse, kuphatikizapo pa bolodi galimotoyo iyende. Pamene woyendetsa wapeza chandamale, iye kuyambira kutumiza chitoliro ku chinthu chinachake, kukankha "Start" batani. Kenako, zonse zimachitika mu nkhani masekondi, imangokhala yokha kuyan'ana roketi ndege, ngati zoona, pali nthawi.

zinachitikira ntchito

Mu ankhondo a mayiko oposa khumi ndi zinayi ndi kunyamula odana ndege dongosolo MANPADS "Igla". tanthauzo lake ndi asilikali aku Iraq mu 1991 anayambitsa imfa ya ndege angapo Air Force Mgwirizano kuti waonetsa mkulu efficacy a mtundu umenewu zida Russian, ngakhale yimitsira pafupifupi mpweya chitetezo ndi mpweya ukulu tizilomboto. M'zaka ziwiri zapitazi mu madera osiyana a dziko panali nkhondo zida nkhondo. Ambiri a iwo imodzi kapena mbali inayo ntchito MANPADS "Igla". Photo zigawenga ndi asilikali a boma ndi mmene "machubu", komanso kuwononga ndi kuwonongedwa kwa ndege zikusonyeza mphamvu zakupha yodzitetezera ochepaŵa mpweya.

Mu mbiri pambuyo Soviet cha kutchuka kwa "singano" akhoza kukangana mwina wotchuka "Kalashnikov". Pozindikira lalikulu mgwirizano yotsiriza kotunga mtanda yaikulu ya maofesi awa ku Malaysia onyamula Zikuchititsa. The kusintha kwa kapangidwe dongosolo, zomwe zinachititsa kuti ponso makilomita sikisi utali wozungulira nkhondowo ntchito "singano" kusinthidwa "Super". MANPADS izi, komanso watsopano, monga koma chinsinsi zitsanzo chidzakwaniritsidwa ndithu rearmed ndi Russian asilikali posachedwapa.