German MG 34. The makina mfuti ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse

Nkhondo World I (1914-1918) Pangano la Versailles analetsa Germany kukhala kapena kubala zida aliyense, kuphatikizapo akasinja, sitima zankhondo ndi mfuti zoopsa. Koma ndi kudza kwa ulamuliro wa Nazi ku 1930s ndi chitsitsimutso wa asilikali German ambiri malamulo pansi panganoli akuluakulu anagwira, kuti adzathe kuyambira dziko latsopano nkhondo. Ndi nthawi iyi German zankhondo anayamba mfundo opepuka kunyamula Mipikisano cholinga makina mfuti.

Air m'malo madzi

Ena nthawi chisankho anali MG-13. Kutchula mu 1930, iye anakhala rethinking makina mfuti ku nkhondo World Ine ndi madzi utakhazikika Dreyse Model 1918 kusinthidwa ndi mpweya. Iye anakhala pa magazini 25 chonse kapena 75 chonse ng'oma, ndi Analeredwa ndi asilikali German monga mfuti muyezo makina. Pomaliza, makina mfuti anali wokwera pa akasinja ndi ndege ya Luftwaffe, koma ambiri analidi sangalole kuti popanga ndipo akhoza moto pa liwiro la zipolopolo 600 pa mphindi imodzi. Choncho, chitsanzo ichi chakhala amene anapuma pantchito mwamsanga 1934 ndipo anagulitsidwa kapena anaikidwa yosungirako.

Baibulo Swiss

Wachibale wolephera moti ankavutika MG-13, amafuna kuyezetsa zina. The kampani Rheinmetall-Borsig, chinkhoswe mu kupanga zida kuyambira 1889 kuti circumvent ndi oletsa ndi Versailles Pangano, bungwe kukhazikitsidwa nalo la Switzerland mthunzi wa "Solothurn" ndipo anapitiriza ntchito yatsopano mpweya utakhazikika. Pa World Choyamba mfuti zambiri utakhazikika ndi madzi, amene complicates chisamaliro awo komanso thiransipoti. mayesero unachitika kuyambira pa chiyambi cha 1930 ndipo posakhalitsa anamaliza kulenga kwa bwino chitsanzo.

Anakhala "Solothurn MG 30", olengedwa mwa 1930. The makina mfuti anamugwiritsa ntchito Austria loyandikana ndi Hungary komanso Germany, koma akuluakulu a German amafuna kutenga zida omasuka ndi kunyamula olimbikitsa pofuna kukwaniritsa mzere. Posakhalitsa, zinalengedwa mwa MG-15, amene anasonyeza kuti kwambiri ngati zida kumbuyo ndege ndipo analandira malangizo lalikulu pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa cha boma cha Luftwaffe.

Maschinengewehr 34

Komanso zamoyo wa mzere uwu spawned ndi lodziwika bwino MG 34 - mfuti ya makina, amatchedwanso Maschinengewehr 34 umabweretsa pamodzi makhalidwe abwino a zanyengo yapita, kuphatikizapo MG-30 ndi MG-15. Zotsatira zake zinali choncho chosintha kuti anali woyamba woona ambiri-cholinga makina mfuti - zida wosiyanasiyana kumenya munthu, angathe kuchita ntchito ingapo popanda kusintha kapangidwe amafotokoza. Mlengi wake dzina lake injiniya armorer Vollmer.

Ankhondo a ku Germany msanga anatenga latsopano mfuti ya makina, ndipo anavomerezedwa pa 1936. Poyamba, kupanga wake kampani chinkhoswe Mauserwerke AG, koma posachedwapa anaphatikizidwa Steyr-Daimler-Puch AG ndi Waffenwerke Brunn. Okwana 577.120 mayunitsi anapangidwa kuchokera 1935 mpaka 1945.

Features Ofunika

Mu miyeso m'munsi mwa MG 34 makina mfuti chidwi kwambiri: kutalika - 1219 mamilimita ndi muyezo thunthu 627 mamilimita ndi kulemera ndi 12.1 kg. Limagwiritsa ntchito yapadera lalifupi sitiroko ndi kasinthasintha wa Wopanda chipata zimachitika angadzachite kuipanikiza rollback mkuzamawu. MG 34 - mfuti ya makina, ndi likungosonyeza amene anasankhidwa mwachindunji mbiri yabwino 7,92x57 Mauser mfuti katiriji. Voterani zitsanzo izi woyambirira zipolopolo 600-1000 pa mphindi, ndi kusankha osakwatira kapena basi mode mfuti. Liwiro koyamba anali caka ca 762 m / s kukhala kotheka kugunda chandamale pa mtunda mpaka 1200 m. Mtunda akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito makina mwapadera ntchito zida monga mfuti katundu makina. Maso ndi muyezo, ndi phula la mamita 100 2000 m.

ergonomic kamangidwe

MG-makina mfuti 34 ali ndi mamangidwe liniya imene thandizo dzanja ndi thunthu ndi pa mzere womwewo kungoganiza. Izi zachitika kuti kupereka yowotcha wolimba, koma osati. Chogwirira ndi kutambasuka ergonomic mubokosi gulu kumbuyo pamene bokosi yokha pang'ono "hunchback", ndi mbiri ang'ono. Okwanira ndi ejection mipata ndi mosavuta distinguishable kutsogolo ndi lamba zasiyidwa ochiritsira unsembe. Kutsogolo kwa ritsa ndi perforated casing kuphimba thunthu mkati. Ili pa mbiya conical lawi arrester. Pamene ntchito ngati zida oyenda thandizo ikayamba amamangiriridwa bipod yopindika, Kufalitsa pa mphambano ya. Machine mfuti ngati kutalika amafuna thandizo kutsogolo, makamaka pamene muvi mu malo supine.

mpweya kuzirala

Zida za mtundu uwu ali drawback mmodzi yekha - kudalira zachilengedwe yozizira mpweya kufalitsidwa padziko mbiya pa kuwombera. Choncho, mbiya aikidwa mkati casing perforated kuti kuzirala ngati kwachitika, koma njira salola kuchita kuleza moto, umene uli wofunika kwa chida thandizo kapena yimitsira. Short womwe queues anali ulamuliro kwa mfuti zimenezi. Lililonse akatemera 250 mbiya kuti asinthidwe, ndi moyo utumiki wonse wa akatemera 6,000. Kukhala kosavuta kusintha okonza German zathandiza kuti tidziwe wolandila ndi "eversion" izo kuchokera casing lapansi. Chowombelera ankalowa thunthu mkati nyumba mwa kumbuyo lotseguka wagawo ndi owachotsa m'malo. Ndiye amaika latsopano ozizira mbiya, ndi moto adapitiriza ngati zachilendo.

modes kuwombera

Moto akutsegula pamene inu tilimbikire choyambitsa, chomwe ndi mbali ziwiri. Chigawo chapamwamba ikusonyezedwa ndi kalata E (Einzelfeuer) ndi udindo kulira kwa osakwatira, ndi pansi ikusonyezedwa ndi kalata D (Dauerfeuer) ndipo lakonzedwa moto basi. Choncho, womenya angathe kulamulira mwa kundipatsako kwa yolimbanirana ndi Kutentha mbiya.

Yobweretsa zipolopolo

MG 34 mphamvu kotunga wakhalanso mwapadera. Mu n'kupuma boma chida zambiri zoyendetsedwa naupereka 50 wozungulira ng'oma 75 kapena ng'oma nawuza wapawiri poppet vavu (MG 15 kapangidwe cholowa). Kuti magawowa potsegula ntchito tepi 50 katiriji ntchito ngati zida kunyamula thandizo. Ngati ndi kotheka, zikhoza olumikizidwa kwa maliboni ena mpaka ulamuliro wathunthu wa makatiriji 250. Komabe, ntchito limagwirira tepi katundu ndipo kumachepetsa mlingo wa moto.

mfuti adalira

Pambuyo MG 34 wayesedwa chizolowezi, iwo okhala ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana za dziko la Germany - magulu ankhondo wapadera oyenda. makina wina mfuti anatumikira mawerengedwe, wopangidwa mwa anthu osachepera awiri. Amasunga mfuti ndipo anagwira chida mu nkhondo, ndipo linalo linali udindo zipolopolo, anathandiza ndi maliboni komanso kuchita kuwonongedwa kwa kuchedwa. Ngati ndi kotheka, iwo akhoza kuthandiza anthu ambiri timu - azinyamula mfuti owonjezera, zipangizo makina kapena mfuti owonjezera.

Jack ntchito zonse

Amapanga, ndi MG 34 - mfuti ya makina monga tactically kusintha, mwamsanga anatola ntchito zonse zotheka nkhondo. Koma cholinga chake chachikulu chinali oyenda thandizo. Kwa mfuti ili anali okonzeka ndi bipod, ndipo asilikali anagwiritsa 50 chargers tepi. Mlingo wa moto wakhala mfundo amphamvu chida, koma muvi ankakonda akatemera osakwatira kapena bursts kakafupi olondola bwino.

Mlingo mkulu kunali koyenera, pamene MG 34 makina mfuti (chithunzi wake ali kubwerezako) kuchita ntchito ya odana ndi ndege kuwononga otsika-zouluka ndege mdani. Kuti zimenezi zitheke linali lofika odana ndi ndege makina chikombole, kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo odana ndege pamaso viewfinders.

Lolemera makina mfuti MG 34 (onani chithunzi. M'nkhani) kuchititsa mosalekeza moto Ufumuyo makina Lafette 34. msonkhano Izi zikuonjezera anamanga-mu limagwirira gawo lotetezedwa ziziyenda izo pa kuwombera. Komanso, wolandila amakhazikitsa chidwi kuona kuwala kwa kutsatira bwino ndi kumenyana chandamale chapatali.

MG 34 - mfuti ya makina, chipangizo amene amalola disassembly ake mwamsanga m'munda, chomwe chimathandiza kuti ayeretse, afewetsedwa ndi kukonza mu nthawi yochepa. Mwatsatanetsatane zimango zipangizo zingawononge zinyalala iliyonse pa nkhondo, kotero izo zinali zofunika kutsatira mode kukonza kuchotsa zida ku zilizonse zimene zingakhale kukhala ndi amasiya panthawi kwambiri inopportune.

koopsya mosalakwitsa

sangathe wina wa MG 34 vuto lofala mfuti zonse chisanadze nkhondo: yopanga mfundo high quality, omwe amafunika nthawi yambiri, khama ndiponso ndalama. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti chakuti nkhondowo makina mfuti MG 34 nthawi zonse chikusoŵa nkhondo zinali zofunika kwa ntchito zonse German pa amadzibisa onse. Pomaliza, kupanga awo anakakamizidwa kuthana ndi zomera zisanu, ndi zinthu zina, nthawi ndi mphamvu yaikulu pa chilengedwe cha pokha-mvu kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. chida wabwino kwambiri ponena za mavuto usilikali zomwe zinachititsa kuti pakhale chidule - mofanana lodziwika bwino MG-42 nkhani mu 1942.

zosintha

MG 34 - mfuti ya makina, amene ankagwira ntchito ikuchitika ndi kusintha nthawi ya nkhondo. MG-34m osiyana katundu jekete, chifukwa anali ankaganiza ntchito ngati zida odana ndi ogwira, wokwera pa m'ndandanda wa magalimoto German oti muli nazo zida. Zinachitika MG-34s ndi buku yomaliza ya MH 34/41 talandira mbiya adzafupikitsidwa (560 mm) kwa mlingo wa kuwonjezeka mu udindo wa mfuti odana ndege makina ndipo anali okha basi moto. MG 34/41 anali m'malo MG 34, koma izi sizinachitike chifukwa zikamera ija bwino MG-42. MG 34/41 anali konse mwalamulo amawatenga kuti, ngakhale opangidwa ena kuchuluka.

MG 34 Panzerlauf kutumikira monga mfuti thanki. Mu zitsanzo izi ntchito ndi nyumba ankawonjezereka ndi mabowo yochepa kwambiri. Chogwirira chachotsedwa kwa mbiri zina yaying'ono mu malo zochepa mkati galimoto German oti muli nazo zida. Komabe, pa bolodi kusamutsidwa kutembenuka zida limakupatsani pasanapite Panzerlauf pansi kuwala makina mfuti ili, ngati ine anasiya galimoto. Achikhalire zikuphatikizapo bipod, mbuyo ndi pamaso.

Mmodzi wa zosintha atsopano a MG 34 - MG 81 mfuti ya makina, odana ndi ndege chida kumbuyo m'malo lotha MG-15. MG-81Z (Zwilling) wakhala nthambi ya mzere zayamba kulumikiza awiri MG-34s wamba choyambitsa. Kamangidwe adasanduzika njira monga kulola mfuti mphamvu makina mbali zonse. mlingo wake anakafika chidwi zipolopolo 2800-3200 pa mphindi. Kupanga mndandanda wakhala okha, monga MG-34s anali zambiri zofunika zina.

Ngakhale kuti mu 1942 panali mfuti ya makina MG 34/42, ulimi wa MG 34 si linasokonekera mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhondo ku Ulaya mu May 1945. Ngakhale MG-42 udaikidwa m'malo MG 34 ngati chida frontline iye ndipo ine sangafikire milingo mwachilungamo mkulu, ndipo pamapeto pake ankaimba udindo wa womuyenerera chakale kapangidwe 1930.

kuzindikira lonse

MG 34 German makina mfuti anaigwiritsa ntchito kokha Germany osati pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. analogs ake mofulumira ambiri padziko lonse. M'mayikowo, asilikali amene adatenga pa bolodi, - Algeria, Angola, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Finland, Guinea-Bissau, Hungary, Israel, Korea, North Vietnam, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan ndi Turkey. Mfuti makina ankagwiritsa ntchito pa za Civil Nkhondo China (1946-1950), ndi Arab Israel nkhondo (1948), ku Korea (1950-1953), Vietnam (1955-1975). Kufikira tsopano, angapezeke m'madera akumidzi kumene chida lodziwika bwino komabe amachita nkhondo.