Chizindikiro - ndi ... Information ndi zizindikiro za zolemba

M'nkhani ino tikambirana zimene chizindikiro, kumene anachokera, ndipo ife adzasonyeza maganizo ake. The zambiri zakuthupi Komanso ankaona, amene anasonyeza pa zolemba.

Chizindikiro - ndi chiyani ichi?

Mawu "chizindikiro" chabwerekedwa Chifalansa. Likumasuliridwa kuti "mawu" kapena "chizindikiro".

The prototypes loyambirira la zolemba zimene ofukula anapeza anali zidutswa za opatsidwa chikopa pa zotengera vinyo. Madeti ili kumapeto kupeza II Millennium BC. e. Information pa chizindikiro cha mtundu umenewu lipoti pa malopo mpesa, kalasi ake, kulawa (wokoma kapena wowawasa), zaka, ndi amene anapangidwa. Kufunika uyu anabwera chifukwa ziwiya zonse ndi mawonekedwe omwewo. Kumvetsa zimene zili sali kutsegulidwa ndi musayese, zinali zovuta. Kuswa phukusi zikayamba anali osayenera. Pomwepo adadza lingaliro kuika zambiri pa chidutswa cha chikopa ndi Ufumuyo botolo. Mkubwela kwa ochita malonda ndi zoyendera wa katundu pa ataliatali chizindikiro kwambiri facilitates kukhazikitsa. The Tags woyamba anali osavuta amakona anayi mawonekedwe.

Pambuyo 1820 anayamba kusintha mawonekedwe a. Winemakers ankafuna kupereka mankhwala ake umunthu. Chifukwa, pali zomata korona, mphesa kapena zomera pepala. chizindikiro anakhala chizindikiro payekha. Ndi ndime ya nthawi, zokhudza malo a mphesa kukula kuchotsedwa, kusiya kokha chaka yokolola, vinyo mtundu ndi Mlengi. Mu 1880 anaonekera woyamba Tags wachikuda. Ndipo mu 1883, Tags, ndi zolemba ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina ya mankhwala.

Anapitiriza ntchito zolemba

Otsatirawa, amene wakhala m'njira popereka mauthenga, anali amalonda zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Ndi zamoyo wa chizindikiro zachitika njira ntchito ndi zambiri pa katundu. birochki loyamba monga kachingwe a chingwe ndi wotetezedwa ndi phula. Kenako chizindikiro mankhwala anakhala glued mwachindunji mankhwala. The njira zosiyanasiyana zilipo ntchito monga zomatira. Kenako anayamba kugula zomatira kwa olamulira, amakhazikika mu ulimi wake. katundu pafupifupi osaonekanso, limene panalibe chizindikiro. Iwo wakhala chikhumbo kuvomerezedwa kwa malonda.

Mu 1935, poyamba chizindikiro wazamalonda American Stanton Avery mwini-zomatira kupangidwa. Poyamba, mudziwe chizindikiro umagwiritsidwa ndi dzanja. Misa chizindikiro yosindikiza inayamba mu 1980. Kuti analowa shampeni phwando, chifukwa kuyambira 1820 chathandiza kupanga kwa mabotolo 2 miliyoni chaka.

Gawo zolemba za kufunika kwa mfundo pa iwo

Kufunika kwa mfundo kusindikizidwa ndi Tags nthawi anali m'magulu anayi.

1. Information chizindikiro - ponena kuti lili ndi mfundo za dzina la mankhwala, zikuchokera, kukula, tsiku kupanga, moyo alumali zinthu yosungirako.
2. chizindikiro ofotokoza anauza mmene ntchito mankhwala, kupereka malangizo chisamaliro, Wodziwa za miyeso chitetezo ntchito.
3. Tingamudziwe amanyamula zokhudza Mlengi.
4. propaganda ndi malonda zina ndipo limafotokoza za ubwino ndi wapadera mankhwala.

Pa nthawi lero ife anayamba chizindikiro china. chipangizo Izi ndi dera kutetezedwa ndi nyumba ya. The mudziwe kuti ali ndi mosamalitsa chinsinsi. Iyo inali nthawi zambiri pa checkpoints, kutetezedwa ndi zinthu zofunika.

Ndi kukula ndi kufunika lingagwiritsidwe mfundo mankhwala anayamba kutuluka malamulo, kupereka zofunika Tags chizindikiro.

Ife anayamba mfundo okhwima zolimbana amafuna kuti zolemba. zofunika zolimbana anasonyeza chizindikiro yosindikiza amaloledwa pa pepala aliyense, utoto aliyense ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, mmene utoto amaloledwa mankhwala laminate pepala. Malamulo mankhwala tiyenera khalidwe la kusindikiza ndi wosasintha kukula. zinthu kuvomerezedwa anaonekera ndi wokhudzana ndi kusalaza mfundo ntchito. Indents ku m'mbali mwa mankhwala pepala sichinayambe ananyalanyaza. Konzekerani matebulo kuti kupereka zamitundu ponena za mtundu uliwonse wa mankhwala.

Mitundu ya Tags ndi mtundu mankhwala

The kusinthidwa zotsatirazi kuti mabilu a m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ali ndi malamulo zikuchokera mfundo kuvomerezedwa kuikidwa pa chizindikiro.

Zolemba mankhwala anali m'magulu anayi ndi mtundu wa katundu:

• chakudya mankhwala;
• zovala ndi nsapato;
• zida ndi zipangizo;
• CD.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza chizindikiro mankhwala

Information pa chizindikiro cha mankhwala zakudya ayenera kukhala ndi mfundo chokhala zotsatirazi:

• mankhwala dzina;
• m'ndandanda wa zigawo zonse ntchito mu kupanga ndi;
• Chakudya ndi mphamvu phindu;
• zambiri za dziko ndi sewerolo fakitale (dzina, adiresi);
• Unyinji wa mankhwala;
• tsiku, zinthu yosungirako ndi nthawi zotsimikizira;
• barcode;
• muyezo kalembedwe, Boma, kapena chida ena womwe ndi mankhwala;
• amasonyeza kupezeka kapena kusapezeka zina chakudya, colourants, flavorings, kukoma enhancers ndi kukoma, zamoyo zosinthidwa chibadwa.

Tags pa zinthu

Ndi mankhwala kuchokera gulu zovala zinali ovuta kwambiri. Tag zinthu, kuwonjezera pa kampani chizindikiro, zokhudza dziko chiyambi, kukula, zikuchokera zipangizo ndi chitsimikizo, ayenera muli mfundo izi:

• ngati chovala, umasonyeza kuchuluka kwa zipangizo zachilengedwe ndi mankhwala yaiwisi. Komanso, aliyense mchitidwe mankhwala: pamwamba, ndi pansi ndi zilonda;
• pamene izo zifika nsapato, Mlengi ali kusonyeza mudziwe mtundu wa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa pamwamba, pansi ndi akalowa mkati.

Zinthu zopangidwa ndi chikopa, anawonjezera mfundo za m'deralo, kulemera, ndi makulidwe. Pa mankhwala ubweya azipereka mfundo za ubweya (achilengedwe kapena zolochedwa) ndi mankhwala khungu njira.

Koma patsogolo alibe kuima. Pali zida zambiri latsopano, zosiyanasiyana mitundu ya akumaliza. Opanga akuyesetsa kuteteza mankhwala awo kwa mavuto ndi imfa mofulumira mitundu chifukwa ntchito molakwika. Komabe, ayamikira wokhudza chisamaliro, njira ya kuyeretsa ndi kusunga yake akhoza kuoneka mu mawonekedwe a ofalitsa Mipikisano voliyumu ndi kupezeka yekha kukula kwa chizindikiro muyezo. Pakuti ndalama zoterozo ntchito zovuta izo zachitika ya zilembo mawonekedwe, zomwe ndi mfundo zokwanira pa ntchito ndi chisamaliro.

Otchulidwa anayamba ndi chizindikiro osiyana sewn kuti mankhwala. Pambuyo angapo kusintha zotumizira ndi zaluso anatuluka ndi mayiko muyezo olemba kusamalira.

Zizindikiro pa zolemba za anagula muyezo mawonekedwe, bwino ndi kuzindikira.

Tags pa kutsuka

zizindikiro zovala ndi maonekedwe a chidebe ndi madzi. Numeri kusonyeza kololeka madzi kutentha. Standard ranges ku 30 ° C kwa 95 ° C.

Dzanja, waponya m'madzi, anachenjeza kuti kokha zofunika dzanja wosambitsa, pa kutentha osati kuposa 40 ° C. mankhwala ayenera kukhala bwino amenewa kukanikiza pang'onopang'ono popanda kupotoza. Kupezeka kwa zinthu pa mphamvu akuchenjeza za wosambitsa wosakhwima. Ngati mbali ziwiri, kutsuka mode chiyenera kukhala tcheru pamene kutentha madzi saposa 30 ° C. Cross pa beseni limasonyeza kuti mankhwala sangathe wasambitsa, amaloledwa yekha youma kuyeretsa.

Atayanika ndi kusita

Information za mankhwala kuyanika ali mawonekedwe a lalikulu ndi. Mkati chiwembu mzere (ofukula kapena yopingasa), i.e. mankhwala ayenera zouma ku malo ofukula kapena yopingasa. Pamaso pa mizere wachiwiri pafupi malipoti woyamba kuti mankhwala ayenera kukhala ofunika.

Malangizo kwa kusita amasonyeza mawonekedwe a chitsulo. Cross - chenjezo kuti ndikoletsedwa. kusita kutentha chimaoneka ndi madontho. Mmodzi limafanana 110 ° C, awiri 150 ° C, atatu 200 ° C.

oyeretsa

Chodetsa whitening ali ndi maonekedwe triangular. Strikethrough chizindikiro limanena kuti aletse kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zimenezi.

Ngati mkati mwa zimakwana, mizere iwiri yomweyi chagwiritsidwa, ndi chovomerezeka ntchito mpweya-uli oyeretsa wothandizira. Kusowa kwa anthu a makona zikacha ntchito wothandizila chlorine munali.

Pomaliza

Zipsera pa zolemba za alipo mu mitundu yonse anagulitsa mankhwala tsiku.

Pamene kugula mtundu uliwonse wa mankhwala, zokwanira kuona zinthuzo chizindikiro. Bwino kuwerenga nkhani pa chizindikiro, mumasamalira thanzi lanu ndi thanzi la anthu pafupi ndi inu.