Mamba Railway: Features, dongosolo, ndi khamu

Ntchito moyenera anagubuduza katundu, kasamalidwe magalimoto ndi zolipiritsa Nkofunika mlandu kunyamulidwa ndi Chijojiya Railway. M'pofunikanso makampani, kumene kulemera adzaperekedwa mwachindunji kwa kuphulika ndi lotseguka-moto ng'anjo mu trolleys njanji zipangizo kungathandize kwambiri pochita ndi zoyendera mkati. Kuonetsetsa kuti marekodi ngati ndipo muyenera mamba sitima.

Gulu la mamba njanji

Ndi njanji zolemera kulemedwa mabogi ndi olemedwa, ndipo chotero, kusiyana kwa mfundo izi anatsimikiza ndi unyinji wa katunduyo.

Mamba koyamba kwa masekeli a mabogi anali makina, kuphatikizapo kulumikizana zochokera limagwirira akusamala. Ndiye pali zipangizo electromechanical kuti atembenuke kanthu makina yokoka mu mbendera magetsi. Izi zosiyanasiyana mamba ndi mamba ndi kupsyinjika.

Lero, mothandizidwa ndi mamba sitima amatha kulemera ngolo alibe mu malo amodzi ndi zoyenda popanda disengaging zikuchokera, mwachitsanzo, mu mphamvu. Pulogalamu ya masekeli makina amakono sitima amaona limatchula mtundu wa galimoto, izo Mzimuyo katundu m'goli ndi malangizo kuyenda.

Mamba carload njanji maziko ndipo besfundamentnye, zaikidwa pa statics ndi mphamvu.

malo amodzi masekeli

Ndi malo amodzi masekeli mamba anayamba sitima. Masekeli sitima statics akuchedwa kwambiri. Zikuchokera disengaged, ndi zotengera zokhala ndi mawilo mmodzimmodzi kudyetsedwa mamba, kodi kulemetsedwa ndi kuletsa pa nsanja, kulemera olembedwa, ndipo kenako kwaiye ndipo anatumiza. Msewu ndipo eni katundu kubala zomvetsa yaikulu chifukwa downtime.

Vuto limeneli makamaka pachimake ndi chitukuko cha maukonde sitima ndi kuwonjezeka katundu magalimoto. Iye anayesera kuti anathana ndi mamba yemweyo malo amodzi, imene sitima unali kusuntha pang'onopang'ono kwambiri, pa liwiro la 3 Km / h. dongosolo wapadera ma siginalo wakhala akupangidwa amene anathandiza kupanga ndi kupirira liwiro. Downtime anakana pang'ono, koma m'kati masekeli pamene anali yovuta kwambiri ndipo mphulupulu - mkulu oposa 1%.

zazikulu masekeli

Makinawa sitima mamba ntchito kulemera yogwedeza zikuchokera. Ganizirani mu mphamvu, ziyenera anati, malangizo a masekeli imeneyo, osati pa sitima ya.

ndondomeko tichipeza mu kudziŵa nusu ya sitima misa chachiwiri, kudutsa zochotsa nsanja izo m'kaundula ndi kuwapereka kwa kulamulira kompyuta kapena makina dongosolo kulamulira magalimoto.

Mu ndondomeko ya masekeli anatsimikiza mitundu ya ngolo, ngati akulemera poosnogo zofunika kulemera kwa aliyense axles ngolo ndi olemedwa molondola, anazindikira injini, chifukwa iwo kulemedwa.

Kubvomereza anagubuduza katundu zachokera mtima kwa malo awo interaxial ndi mtanda Nawonso achichepere.

The mfundo pachiopsezo chachikuluwa ndi masekeli dongosolo ndi kuyenda Alamu popereka chizindikiro pa nthawi ya wakupitirira iwo kapena ngolo gudumu felemu olamulira. Kutsimikizirika kwa zipangizozi zofunika kwambiri, ndipo ntchito pa mavuto, onse ntchito ndi nyengo.

mbale katundu

mamba Railway kwa masekeli a mabogi zosiyana zosiyanasiyana njira yolimbikitsa, koma iwo ndi ofanana ndi pamaso pa chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa potsegula nsanja. Malinga ndi iye galimoto amapita pamene masekeli, ndi magulu ofukula kuti kuwatsatira, ndi kunditumiza ku converters lapansi.

Pakubwezeretsa kuchita pa nsanja ngolo osati mphamvu ofukula komanso kotenga, amene analenga zolakwa zina mu masekeli. Kuchepetsa zimakhudza awo, mu potsegula nsanja imakhala zosiyanasiyana zipangizo makina ndi zipangizo. Zimenezi zingakhale kutipanikiza oyima, nkhawa poyambira, catwalks; mphamvu-kuyeza transducers kuti atembenuke ndi zotsatira zina mu mbendera magetsi; kuyenda chipangizo kulamulira.

Pakompyuta zipangizo zimene kuchepetsa ndondomeko masekeli, pokonza chizindikiro kwa inverter ndi outputting zotsatira kwa kompyuta pakuyenerera zithunzi pa scoreboard lapansi. Kompyuta ntchito mapulogalamu njira zotsatira masekeli ndipo amapanga lipoti.

Mitundu ya maselo katundu

Mamba sitima ngolo ndi akupanga makina masekeli chipangizo. Iwo ali a mitundu iwiri:

- yabwino yakale ndalezo chipangizo chimene katundu manja mwa mwachidule anazindikira siloizmeritelej limodzi;

- Mgwirizano-zochepa chipangizo ndi siloizmeritelej anayi kapena kuposa amene potsegula m'dera ili nsanja.

Ndalezo - odalirika, wokhazikika, chabe malamulo ndondomeko chifukwa mitundu yonse ya mamba ndalezo. Koma levers lalikulu, choyamba anapanga ndi luso lapadera okha mabizinezi ndi mkulu mlingo wa ulimi. Ndipo kachiwiri, chifukwa cha ntchito yawo ayenera mtengo maziko wapadera.

Mgwirizano-zochepa chipangizo ndi Mabaibulo mosavuta. Iwo akhoza kupanga zokambirana ang'ono, ndi maziko akhoza kwambiri yafupika.

Siloizmeritelej mamba njanji

Today sitima ngolo zazikulu bwino anapanga ndi mavuto kapena kugwedera-pafupipafupi converters monga siloizmeritelej.

converters kugwedera-pafupipafupi ndi omasuka kuyankhulana ndi chizindikiro processing linanena bungwe, phokoso chitetezo chokwanira, pakalibe imfa zambiri, zomwe amakonda zolakwika zina ndi makamaka bwino ndi chipangizo ndalezo. Kusamutsidwa kwa zida yachiwiri momwe mofanana pamene ntchito kupsyinjika gauges. Izo kwambiri kumawonjezera, ngati transducers awa ntchito moyenera katundu chipangizo Mgwirizano-zochepa, kuyambira ayenera kukhazikitsa chizindikiro anayi kapena kuposerapo ndi kuyesedwa mosadalira pa njira zosiyana, ndi makhalidwe payokha analandira zakambidwa mwachidule.

Ndi mphamvu-kuyeza kupsyinjika gages converters ogwirizana mu kufanana kapena angapo ndipo wina chizindikiro wamba kukonzedwa.

zipangizo zonse wokwera pa maziko dzenje lomwe mamba imakonzedwa njanji. Pa m'munsi konkire njanji kotunga zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo ndi njira kuchepetsa kusintha ofukula mu zikuchokera mu zone masekeli. Mu chipinda chapadera pafupi potsegula nsanja anapereka zamagetsi zasekondale ndi kompyuta.

masekeli olondola

Mamba kwa masekeli magalimoto njanji katundu adzakhala kuonetsetsa masekeli molondola, kugwilizana ndi mfundo imene pali anayi lero: 0,1; 0.2; 0,5 ndi 1% mwa kulemera kwa katundu.

Mu malo amodzi kuda muyezo mtengo zimagwiridwa yekha otsiriza mfundo zolondola awiri. Pamene masekeli chipangizo mu mphamvu pa amadza zolakwa superimposed coupler, mathamangitsidwe, masekeli njira.

Khalani zasonyeza kuti mlingo molondola 1% zoti katundu yakula aliyense galimoto zikuchokera 0.5% - chifukwa ikuyenda mwa inertia decoupled ngolo ndi kulemera okwana zikuchokera ndi 0.1% - ngati akapolo monga mbali osapitirira 20 magalimoto.

Njira masekeli mamba njanji

Ophimba njanji mamba zosiyanasiyana zazikulu masekeli njira. Iwo anasankha pa maziko a zinthu zingapo:

- chofunika lolondola masekeli ndi kugwirizana liwiro gulu;

- mtengo likulu la unsembe wa dongosolo masekeli.

Carload masekeli ikuchitika pa nsanja yayitali limene galimoto lonse aikidwa. Njira imeneyi imagwira abwino milandu pamene katundu lonse imakhala zotengera zokhala ndi mawilo chomwecho.

Pamene potelezhechnogo payokha kulemedwa masekeli lililonse galimoto trolley, iwo zasungidwa ndi mwachidule misa chingwe chipangizo, ndi chifukwa cha analowa mu kompyuta.

Pamene poosnogo masekeli kulemetsedwa ndi mwachidule kulemera kwa nkhwangwa onse deducing okwana mphambu ndi kufala kwa kompyuta.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa njira

njira yonse weighting ndi ubwino ndi kuipa. Ngolo zolondola kwambiri njira, koma nsanja ayenera kukhala yaitali, ndipo amatha kulemera yekha zikuchokera ngolo zogwirizana a mtundu wina, kapena yeniyeni kutalika. katundu amayezedwa ranges ili njira kwa matani 80 160.

Potelezhechnogo kuda mamba chomwecho zotheka kwa mitundu kwambiri magalimoto, komanso njira amafunika nsanja mwachilungamo yaitali. Katundu pa muyezo njanji Choncho zimasiyanasiyana mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera matani 40, ngati zinayi galimoto akulemera matani 80, pamene eyiti ngolo.

Pakuti poosnogo masekeli njira akusowa nsanja yaing'ono. Popeza mtunda pakati pa nkhwangwa yofanana ngolo, zikhoza ingalemetsedwe ndi paki pa sikelo chomwecho. Zolemba malire katundu mu nkhani iyi ndi matani 20.

Opanda masekeli poosnogo n'zokayikitsa mkulu wa katundu kutengerapo pa olamulira a. Kuchepetsa imakhudzira kudalilika ndi olondola ndipo miyezo kungakhale, kusankha njira kuyeza ndi mosamala stacking iwo. Pankhaniyi poosnogo weighting kwambiri zaphindu monga mtengo kwa unsembe ndiponso kukonza zosiyanasiyana magalimoto.

Khazikitsa mamba njanji

Kulumikizana njira galimoto mamba malingana mtundu wawo. Mwachitsanzo, pali kunyamula sitima mamba (chithunzi cm. Pansipa) amene anaika mkati pakati pa njanji ndi tikakumana successively lililonse chitsulo chogwira matayala.

Bwino akhoza wokwera pa maziko ndipo popanda izo. Mu osiyanasiyana zolemera Usatong'olere gauges akhoza inalowa mu njanji, ndi sleepers kapena pakati.

Kusankha mtundu wa lonse, m'pofunika kudziwa malo unsembe wawo. Choyamba, ntchito chipangizo ayenera kukhala zosavuta. Kachiwiri, otsetsereka zochepa kusiyana 1: 2,000, ndi rectilinear gawo - osachepera atatu amayesetsa galimoto (Akatswiri amalangiza kuti mamita 15 mbali ya galimoto kuti ingalemetsedwe).

Pamaso unsembe, muyenera kupeza momwe pafupi pamwamba ali oyenera pansi ndiponso ngati pali mderali maukonde mobisa zomangamanga, osati ngati mvula ndi meltwater.

malangizo Mlengi wa muli malangizo zokwanira zofunikila unsembe, kuphatikizapo Chithunzi cha m'munsi konkire ndi zinthu kofunika kubweza kwa maziko a unsembe.

Pa unsembe kuti wabwino mipata pakati pa njanji ndi gruzopriemnika chachikulu.

Malinga GOST P 53228-2008 yachinsinsi njanji zolemera kudziwa zolakwa muyeso ziyenera kuperekedwa chaka chilichonse.

Yokonza mamba njanji

Pamene yaitali kapena ntchito molakwika kumachitika galimoto mamba makina kuwonongedwa kwa zinthu structural, ndi vuto magetsi kapena wonongeka pulogalamuyo.

Pofuna kuthetsa mavuto amenewa ayenera akatswiri osiyanasiyana, kotero kuti chingwe zida bwino magulu apadera chiphatso kukonza bwino, amene m'tsogolo akhoza kuchita kukonza, m'malo mbali zosalongosoka ndi misonkhano yachinsinsi.

Kufotokoza, tikhoza kunena kuti m'pofunika kusankha mamba sitima, choyamba, pa molondola chofunika; Kachiwiri, zinthu opaleshoni; achitatu, ndi ndinapeza ndalama. Ndipo monga mosamalitsa ayenera kusankha kampani imene zida adzakhala anagula. Low poyambira mtengo kungabweretse mavuto aakulu ntchito ndi kukonzanso bwino, amene pamapeto pake kuti zikuphatikizapo zina ndalama.

zinthu opaleshoni - ziri osati kuchuluka kwa katundu kusamutsidwa patsiku. Zikuphatikizapo kupezeka kwa magetsi, chifukwa palibe m'madera onse, ndi kupsyinjika gauges sangagwire popanda izo. Pa otsika kutentha ndi Far North labwino ndiponso molondola ntchito makina mphamvu kuyeza masensa.