Limagwirira odzoza ndi atapita. Kapangidwe ndi malamulo onse a ntchito kwa dongosolo kupuma

Popanda kupuma munthu sakhala ndi mphindi zisanu. Izi ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya thupi, ngakhale sitinali chidwi chapadera kukhazikitsa ake. Kodi limagwirira odzoza ndi atapita? Kodi ziwalo ndi machitidwe limagwiritsa ntchito?

mpweya anthu

Pakuti moyo wa ife ayenera oxygen. Iyi ndi mfundo ya kupuma, amene amathandiza kagayidwe mphamvu ndi thupi. Iye afika mu mapapo mu mkhalidwe gaseous pamodzi ndi mlengalenga, kufalitsa thupi lonse, amene oxidized ndi excreted m'thupi chimodzimodzi.

Limagwirira kupuma - pokoka mpweya, kutulutsa - ukugwira ntchito mosalekeza. Mphindi munthu amapanga 14 kayendedwe ngati makanda kumawonjezera chiwerengero kuti 50. mpweya wa munthu ndi imodzi mwa njira zochepa zimene akhoza lizilamuliridwa ndi chikumbumtima ndipo ndimosadziwa.

A khama ka tidzakambirana akhoza kusintha pafupipafupi wake ndi nthawi, ndipo ngati n'koyenera, ndipo kodi lotani kwa masekondi angapo. Luso limeneli ayenera kukhala munthu, mwachitsanzo, panthawi ya ulendo wa. Kukoka mpweya wanu kwa nthawi yaitali, ife sititha, ubongo amafa popanda mpweya kwa mphindi zisanu ndi ziwiri.

Limagwirira odzoza ndi atapita

zamoyo ndi njira zosiyanasiyana ndipo njira kupuma. Ena amagwiritsa ntchito padziko lonse la thupi, ena - ndi makutu, ena ndi kuwala. Anthu, pali mkati ndi kunja minofu m'mapapo mwanga kupuma. Minofu akuimira mowa mpweya maselo viscera.

M'mapapo mwanga kupuma imagwiridwa ndi mbali ziwiri: mpweya kuwombola ndi alveoli, ndiyeno ndi magazi. Air wa mumlengalenga, mpweya wabwino, umadutsa mphuno, pakhosi, tracheobronchial mtengo ndi mu alveoli m'mapapo mwanga.

Iwo anapereka mpweya mu m'magazi, amene amanyamula kuti ziwalo yense wa ziwiya zonsezi. Kuyambira mwazi mu mpweya alveoli kamakhala ladzala ndi carbon dioxide, amene excreted m'thupi limodzi ndi mpweya.

inspiratory ndi expiratory limagwirira amapereka mpweya wabwino alveoli lapansi. Pochita mothandizidwa ndi minofu kupuma, lomwe lakamba zambiri pa chifuwa, kulola kuti oyimba mu mapapo mpaka malita 7 mpweya pa mphindi. Kuwonjezeka chimadza kuukitsa nthiti (zambiri akazi) kapena chifukwa flattening wa chifundamtima (amuna komanso pa masewera olimbitsa thupi).

thirakiti Upper kupuma

Mtengo wa dongosolo kupuma sizili zofanana, aliyense wa iwo ndi ntchito yake. anthu dongosolo kupuma zikuphatikizapo chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi kupuma thirakiti, ndi dongosolo kupuma yokha. Njira chapamwamba ankaimira M'mimbamo m'mphuno, nasopharynx, oropharynx ndi m'kamwa M'mimbamo gawo.

The gawo lamkati la m'mphuno ali ndi tsitsi ndi mucosa. Chili fyuluta, amene waukulu ntchito - kupewa fumbi, dothi ndi mabakiteriya mu chamoyo. Apa mpweya ndi mukafunde ndi humidified.

njira ziwiri mphuno M'mimbamo chikugwirizana ndi nasopharynx lapansi. Havayo, chikugwirizana ndi chubu Eustachian, ndi udindo chipukuta misozi kuthamanga.

The oropharynx anawoloka kupuma ndi njira alimentary. Ndi zochepa kumbuyo ndi mbali mpanda wa M'mimbamo m'kamwa ndi udindo katchulidwe bwino. Pamene mukudya ndi kulankhula auka zofewa m'kamwa, yopewera ingress wa mpweya ndi chakudya nasopharynx lapansi.

thirakiti m'munsi kupuma

The pharynx amanyamula mpweya m'mphako ya. Zinali ku chiyambi ake pa Airways m'munsi. M'phuno analenga wophatikizidwa ndi cartilages unpaired olumikizidwa pamodzi ndi Mitsemphayi ndi akatumba. Minofu chidule zimasiyanasiyana glottal mawonekedwe ndi mavuto zingwe, umene phokoso amayambira.

m'phuno The chikugwirizana ndi chubu mpaka masentimita 15 m'litali - ndi trachea. mapeto ake amang'amba, osatembenukira ku bronchi ndi. Waukulu ntchito ya trachea ndi ndiye kudali mpweya m'mapapo ndi kumbuyo. Ndi makina ndipo wapangidwa ndi chichereŵechereŵe, kotero umayenda mpweya kudzera pa khosi aliyense motsatana.

The bronchi ndi wophatikizidwa ziwalo, ndi kulowa m'mapapo. Kumanzere n'kakang'ono bronchus lamanja, lamanja ndi vertically kwambiri. Iwo anapanga mphete cartilaginous ndi minofu yosalala, mucosa mkati lokutidwa.

Aliyense ali ndi nthambi - mu lamanja khumi a iwo, mu khumi kumanzere. Lymph mfundo pa ramifications anasamutsa m'mapapo lymph minofu, magazi anasamutsidwa ndi mitsempha bronchial ku msempha thoracic.

mapapo

Kuwala nthawi zina amatchedwanso thirakiti m'munsi kupuma. Iwo zili pamtima M'mimbamo ndi mbali lamanzere ndi lamanja la mtima, ndipo likulu lawo lili pa chifundamtima. Kunja kuwala ❖ kuyanika wa pleura ndi thumba pleural. Pakati pa iwo ndi lubricant madzimadzi amene kumathandiza kukhululukirana.

mapapo ndi lopangidwa ndi zigawo zingapo (a atatu lamanja, kumanzere kwa awiri), zomwe anawagawa lobes khumi ang'onoang'ono. Mkati zili ndi bronchi, womwe anawagawa bronchioles ang'onoang'ono, acini, ndi kukathera ndi sacs alveolar.

Baggies achuluka alveoli - maphunziro ozungulira, kuluka capillaries. Akuluakulu, chiwerengero ndi pafupifupi mamiliyoni 700. Iwo ali ndi udindo kuwombola mpweya.

Kuyambira zotengera magazi aziwapatsa mpweya wabwino mpweya. Magazi akamayendetsa mitsempha mwachindunji mtima, ndi kufalikira kwa zimakhala onse ndi ziwalo panjira. Kenakake, kupereka magazi, ladzala ndi carbon dioxide, umene kudzera mwa mitsempha ku alveoli, kuti nditsirize mapapo, bronchi, trachea, pharynx kumbuyo m'mlengalenga.

kupuma zolimbitsa

Limagwirira wa inhalation ndi mpweya umalamulidwa ndi malo pakati pa kumbuyo ndi medulla oblongata. Zolandilira kuti zonse ndondomeko ya kupuma, yomwe ili pa mpanda wa bronchi ndi. Air kayendedwe ndi anachita ndi kusiyana kuthamanga: pa kudzoza ndi pansipa mumlengalenga, ndipo pa mpweya - mosemphanitsa.

Kuwala akhoza kuphonya mpaka Botolo 5000 mpweya pa inhalation ndi mpweya. Koma ndi buku yachibadwa kupuma ndi Botolo 500 okha zonse. Zolemba malire mpweya mwina pafupifupi 2500 ml.

Munthu osati kwathunthu kutulutsa mpweya onse. Part wa iwo anapitiriza mu alveoli, ndipo chiŵerengero cha mpweya wa carbon dioxide Pamilunguyo mlingo chomwecho. Izi zinchito yotsalira mphamvu m'mapapo.

Mu ndondomeko ya kupuma kukukhudza magulu osiyana minofu, malingana ndi ntchito za munthu. Kabowo nawo maphunziro othamanga kapena zofuna kukhetsa thukuta, pamene sefani dera m'mimba. Mu wogoneka lalikulu minofu udindo intercostal.