Leh Valensa: yonena, banja, zandale, mphoto

Leh Valensa (anabadwa 09/29/43 mu Popowo, Poland) - ndi womenyera ufulu amene anathandiza mawonekedwe ndi kutsogozedwa (1980-90), woyamba palokha ogwira ncthito ya chikominisi Polish "Umodzi". The mtsogoleri wamphamvu mamiliyoni antchito Polish anakhala pulezidenti (1990-95). Mu 1983 iye analandira Nobel Peace Prize.

Leh Valensa: yonena

Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse mu wotanganidwa Poland Walesa bambo Boleslav asanabadwe Abimeleki anali awamanga mu kundende ina , ndipo mu 1945 anamwalira kutopa ndipo analandira kumenyedwa akamafika zaka 34. mayi ake, Felix anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa mwana wake. Wansembe akukumbukira kuti anali "mkazi wanzeru akubwera."

Walesa anali mwana wasukulu mediocre wa sukulu parishi, kenako maphunziro boma sukulu ntchito ku Lipno, kumene apadera zamagetsi. C mu 1961 mpaka 1965 iye ankagwira ntchito ku likulu la utumiki wa magalimoto.

Kwa zaka ziwiri anatumikira mu ankhondo, komwe adalandira Mulingo wa chomenya.

zamagetsi doko la zombo zapanyanja

Mu 1967, Leh Valensa anayamba ntchito zamagetsi pa doko la zombo zapanyanja zikuluzikulu. Lenin mu Gdańsk. Mu 1970 anaona zachiwawa chakudya imene apolisi anapha zionetserowo angapo. Pamene zionetsero latsopano ndi utsogoleri chikominisi cha Poland inayamba mu 1976 anaonekera ngati womenyera ufulu ogwira ncthito odana ndi boma, chifukwa ntchito anataya.

Mu August 1980, pamene doko la zombo zapanyanja Gdańsk munayamba ndi zionetsero chifukwa cha kukwera mitengo chakudya, Leh Valensa anakwera pa mpanda ndi lolumikizidwa ogwira ntchito kumalo a ntchito, amene anamusankha monga mutu wa komiti ya sitalaka udindo kukambirana ndi atsogoleri a doko la zombo zapanyanja lapansi.

Patapita masiku 3 zofuna za amalandiridwa, koma antchito chidwi pa zomera zina Gdańsk Abimeleki anafunsa kuti apitirize kumenya, nthawi yomweyo anavomera. Asogolera kunyanyala interplant, kusonkhanitsa makampani m'dera la Gdańsk-Sopot-Gdynia. Komiti atapereka zingapo zofuna molimba ndale, kuphatikizapo ufulu kukantha mapangidwe ufulu mabungwe malonda, nawalalikira ndi kunyanyala ambiri. Oopa anagalukira otchuka, akuluakulu chikominisi ndi kuzilandira zofuna waukulu wa antchito, ndipo pa August 31, tagwirizana anasaina, kuwapatsa ufulu bungwe momasuka ndi paokha. kusaina panafika Mechislav Yagelsky, wachiwiri Choyamba Nduna ya Poland, ndi Leh Valensa. Wambiri ya mtsogoleri wa ogwira ncthito gulu lasintha kachiwiri: linakhalanso mu Gdańsk doko la zombo zapanyanja ulendo wa Mgwirizanowu Commission National.

umodzi

Kamodzi, poyankha mgwirizano umenewu capadela 10 miliyoni ogwira Polish ndi alimi anagwirizana semiautonomous mabungwe malonda, komiti Interfactory kuponya anali lidzasinthidwa Chitaganya National zilumikizano za Trade ndi Walesa monga wapampando wake ndi Chief womuimira. Mu October, "Umodzi" ogwira ncthito anali kuboma ndi boma Polish, kutsogozedwa ndi Federation ndi Abimeleki mu kukangana ndi maulamuliro, okha azitha alowererepo Soviet asilikali.

Leh Valensa: Nobel Prize

Federation chigonjetso anatsimikizira ephemeral. Mu December 1981 boma Polish anaikidwa pansi malamulo achisilikali, "Umodzi" ndi chitsekedwe ndi atsogoleri ambiri ake anamangidwa, kuphatikizapo Leh Valensa, amene yonena Polemeretsedwa chaka m'ndende. Awarding iye mu 1983 Nobel Peace Prize wakhala kudzudzulidwa ndi boma Polish. Oopa ukapolo zapathengo, iye anatsalira mu Poland, ndi mkazi wake, Danuta Walesa, anapita ku Oslo, Norway, kuti alandire mphoto m'malo ake.

chigonjetso chisankho

Monga mtsogoleri wa gulu mobisa "Umodzi", Walesa chinaperekedwa ku kuvutitsidwa mobwerezabwereza mpaka nthawi monga kuwonongeka wina ku mavuto a zachuma, ndi funde latsopano zipolowe ntchito mu 1988 kukakamiza boma Polish osati kukambirana naye ndi atsogoleri ena ogwirizana. chifukwa awo anali mgwilizano, amene alikukonzeka udindo malamulo a "Umodzi" ndi chinavomerezedwa chisankho ufulu owerengeka malo wobwezeretsedwa nyumba chapamwamba yamalamulo. Mu June 1989, gululi walandira ambiri malo awa, ndipo pambuyo Walesa anakana pempholo kuti boma mgwirizano ndi achikomyunizimu yamalamulo anakakamizika kuvomereza nduna za Atumiki motsogozedwa "Umodzi", ngakhale kuti anakana kukhala mtsogoleri wake, nduna.

Mutu wa boma

Mu 1989, Walesa anathandiza kuti ukwati wakewo mnzake Tadeusz Mazowiecki kukhala Premier wa boma limeneli, koma analengeza candidacy wake kutsutsana naye mtsogoleri mu 1990 ndipo anapambana yoyamba imene chisankho cha Pulezident cha ku Poland ndi namtindi.

Monga Polish Pulezidenti Walesa anathandiza kugwira Zisankho zochitika momasuka aphungu mu 1991 ndipo anatenga gawo mu kusintha kwa chuma cha dziko ku msika ufulu. Iye anasonyeza luso chidwi ndale monga mtsogoleri wa "Umodzi", koma yosavuta funso, confrontational kalembedwe wake ndi kukana kuti tisaletse malamulo aakulu pa mimba ndi kuonongedwa kutchuka kwake kumapeto kwa ulamuliro mu ofesi. Mu 1995, iye anali nawo chisankho, koma agonjetsedwa ndi kale chikominisi Aleksandra Kvasnevskogo, mutu wa Democratic Kumanzere Alliance. Apanso Walesa anathamangira kwa pulezidenti m'chaka cha 2000, koma analandira zochepa za avotera. Mu 1997 anakhazikitsa ulendo ndale "Mkhristu Democracy III Republic of Poland."

Achire ndale

Chifukwa cha kugonjetsedwa kwa 2000 Walesa analengeza pantchito yake ndale. Zitatero, Yoswa kwambiri nthawi yake ntchito pa anayambitsa m'dzina lake, limene iye anakhazikitsidwa mu 1995 popereka mauthenga pa zomwe wa "Umodzi", kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha demokalase ndi kumanga anthu wamba ku Poland ndi ku dziko.

Mu August 2006, Walesa waneneratu pantchito wake ku palokha mgwirizano malonda onse kuukira pa thandizo ake chipani cholamulira "Ali ndi chilungamo» (PiS), komanso Abimeleki ndi Yaroslava Kachinskih, abale mapasa, amene anakonza malo apamwamba mu "Umodzi "ndipo anakhala ndi pulezidenti ndi nduna yaikulu, motero. Malinga ndi iye, gululi lakhala kukhala mlendo kwa iye, anali lothandiza ena, vuto zasintha ndi anthu. Makamaka, iye anakanitsitsa kuchotsa Kaczynski anthu kugwirizana ndi kale boma chikominisi ndi kuyesa kufalitsa mndandanda wa antchito PiS-nyengo apolisi, Poland.

Kuchokera mu 2004, mozama Gdańsk ndege Abimeleki Wałęsa. Mabwalo ndi misewu dzina lake polemekeza mtsogoleri wakale "Umodzi", zili mu United States, Canada ndi France. Mu 2009 iye anali chipilala mu Alley wa opambana Polish Nobel Prize.

Mu 1981, "Time" anakhala Pole woyamba kupereka mutu wa "Munthu Chaka" magazini. Ku Queen Elizabeth II manja Leh Valensa analandira udindo wa membala aulemu wa Order wa Bath. Komanso kupereka malangizo ambiri ndi mendulo ya m'mayiko ena, mu Vol. H. Pulezidenti Zikho wa United States Freedom, ndi French Legiyo Ulemu, dongosolo la "Inagwira wa Republic Chitaliyana" ya Sweden Order ya Seraphim, ndi Chidanishi Order ya Elephant, Finland Order ya White Rose, Apwitikizi Order of Liberty ndi ndi infante Dona Enrike, Norway Order wa St. Olav, Chiyukireniya Order ya Prince Yaroslava Mudrogo, ndi Czech Order ya White mkango, ndi Order "Pakuti mtengo wa dziko la Germany Federal", Chile Order yoyamikira, boma la Estonia uthenga ulalikidwa Ene Cross Mary Land, UNESCO Mendulo ndi ena.

moyo

November 8, 1969 Leh Valensa anakwatira Danuta Golos. Banjalo ana 8: Bogdan (1970), Slawomir (1972), Przemyslaw (1974), Jaroslav (1976), Magdalena (1979), Anna (1980), Maria-Victoria (1982) ndi Brigid (1985). Yaroslav Valensa anakhalanso ndale ndipo anali phungu mu 2005-2009, ndi mu 2009 kusankhidwa malamulo ya ku Ulaya.

Mu 2008, Abimeleki Walesa chidachitika inatsekeratu mtsempha wamagazi stenting ndi pacemaker anaika.

wothandizila Bolek

Kwa zaka zambiri, pulezidenti wakale wa Poland, mlandu chakuti mu 1970 iye anali ndi Informant kwa utumiki chikominisi chinsinsi, ngakhale kumusonyeza ake categorical ndi chigamulo cha khoti wapadera mu 2000, n'kuchotsapo cha milandu ya mgwirizano. Komabe, kukomeza ozungulira zinadziwika kuti zinthu kuwukanso mu 2008. Buku linasindikizidwa, ngwazi ndi ankaimba Leh Valensa. mtsogoleri Wambiri mgwirizano anali wodzilemekeza ndi mfundo zimene zimasonyeza kuti kuyambira mu 1970 mpaka 1976 anagwira ntchito ina ya ntchito chitetezo pansi pa codename Bolek. nkhani naukitsidwa mu February 2016, pamene Institute of National Chikumbutso, oyesa kufufuza Nazi ndi Communist nyengo mu Poland, anasiya mkazi wa nduna za Affairs Internal zipangizo zakale, chimene Walesa anali kazitape za mabungwe a chitetezo. Mwazina, izo wapezeka kugwirizana ndi Council Security, anapanga dzanja lake chiphaso cha ndalama, nkhani yaumwini ndi malipoti pa mgwirizano chinsinsi wothandizila Bolek. Leh Valensa yekha anakana Mwina za kudalirika kwa zikalata ndipo anandipempha kuti pakhoza kukhala kudziika kujambula inalandidwa kwa iye pa kafukufuku.