Laynus Poling: yonena zopereka kwa sayansi. Multivitamins Linus Pauling ndi ndemanga za iwo

Mmodzi wa wotchuka American sayansi Laynus Poling ndi. Wambiri mwa chidwi osati anthu a United States, koma anthu padziko lonse. N'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa anafufuza mavitamini - wotchuka lero zakudya zowonjezera. Ndipo ine ndiyenera kunena, Laynus Karl Poling anabwera zotsatira chidwi. Izi ndi zimene wasayansi, amene anakhala wopambana awiri mphoto Nobel, tidzakambirana lero.

Origin ndi ubwana Linus Pauling

Laynus Poling, chithunzi ndi mbiri limaoneka m'nkhani anabadwa mu Portland, February 28, 1901 awisi anali pharmacist (onani chithunzi m'munsimu), ndipo mayi ake - ndi mayi. Pamene Linus zaka 9, bambo ake anamwalira. Chifukwa cha ichi, banja anali zovuta mawu zakuthupi.

Laynus ros kudzipatula ndi woganiza mwana. Iye akanakhoza penyani tizilombo yaitali, koma makamaka anakopeka Pauling mchere. Wake chidwi ndi anakopeka dziko la miyala yamtengo wapatali. Izi kumulakalaka galasi kuoneka pa nthawi ndi moyo wamkulu: Asayansi anaphunzira mchere angapo, zozikidwa pa chiphunzitsocho zimene analenga.

Pa zaka 13 Pauling yoyamba kukaona mu choyezera mankhwala. Zimene anaona kumeneko anachititsa chidwi chachikulu pa iye. Linus anaganiza kuchita zinthu zatsopano nthawi yomweyo. Anabwereka ndi "mankhwala" mbale mu khitchini ndi amake, ndi malo ake wakhala malo kafukufuku.

College

Pauling anali sukulu ya sekondale kuti sizinamulepheretse kupita Oregon ulimi College, kenako lidzasinthidwa yunivesite ya Oregon. Pa kuphunzitsa Linus kwambiri chidwi luso mankhwala. Mu madzulo ndi usiku iye ankayenera kuti apeze zinthu zofunika Pamoyo. Pauling ntchito mu odyera chotsukira mbale, komanso kusanja pepala yosindikiza.

Linus anapita kwakukuru. Prodigy anaona aphunzitsi ndi junior adamuonetsa kukhala wothandizira. Popeza Pauling anayamba kugwira ntchito mu dipatimenti ya kachulukidwe Analysis. Chaka chotsatira, iye anayamba kuthandiza mu zimango, umagwirira ndi zipangizo.

Digirii nkhani yolembedwa, ntchito oyambirira wasayansi

Laynus Poling mu 1922 anakhala Bachelor ya Science (Chemical Engineering). Ntchito pa nkhani yolembedwa wake digirii, anaitanidwa ku Institute California of Technology ili Pasadena. Iye kwakukuru kumbuyo ntchito yake mu 1925.

Young wasayansi anayamba ntchito mu Institute of Technology. Iye anakhala pulofesa wothandizira kale mu 1927, kucheza pulofesa - mu 1929. Mu 1931, Pauling anali kale katswiri wa zasayansi.

Kuphunzira X-ray crystallography

Nthawi imeneyi, adapindulapo maluso ofunika m'munda wa X-ray crystallography. Linus zosavuta kuwerenga X-ray, ngati iye akanakhoza kusunga dongosolo atomiki pa nkhaniyi ndi maso anga. Kudziwa zimenezi pafupi ndi chilengedwe maphunziro a mankhwala chomangira - munda waukulu kuphunzira moyo wonse. Iye anapita ku Ulaya, komwe anakacheza ndi asayansi odziwika mu Munich - Sommerfeld, mu Zurich - E. Schrödinger ku Copenhagen - Niels Bohr.

Chiphunzitso mwakusakaniza (kumveka)

Mu 1928, Linus analengeza chiphunzitso chake cha mwakusakaniza (osiyana - chiphunzitso kumveka). Zinali yojambula weniweni umagwirira structural. Panthawi imeneyi, Zatsala sanathetsedwe vuto la chinyezimiro cha dongosolo ndi katundu wa mankhwala mu mankhwala chilinganizo. Ngakhale kuti asayansi agwirizana kugwiritsa ntchito mukapeza kuti zikuonetsa valence akapolo, pali zambiri tsoka. chakuti kwenikweni anali ziwembu zovuta kukopedwa pa pepala.

Posachedwa tiyenera mayina zina. Makamaka ngati kugwirizana anali kumalo ozizira, ndi Komanso muvi; ngati anali amaayoni - pa maatomu Komanso anaika pluses ndi minuses. Komabe, izi si thandizo kwambiri. Kunapezeka kuti katundu okwanira chifaniziro dongosolo la kuchuluka kwa mamolekyulu, makamaka zovuta, ayenera ayamba mitunduyi angapo structural. Makamaka kunali koyenera kuti benzene asanu. Popeza amaona mosiyana, palibe mmodzi wa iwo sakanakhoza molondola pofotokoza katundu ndi kapangidwe ka pawiri onunkhira.

Pauling akufuna lingaliro anali kuti molekyulu ndi zotsatira kumveka, mwachitsanzo kulowererana kwa nyumba zingapo. Pamene aliyense wa nyumba izi makamaka limafotokoza katundu osiyanasiyana mankhwala ndi dongosolo maselo.

Mu 1939 zinaoneka ntchito Linus "Chikhalidwe cha mankhwala muzikondana." Asayansi chiphunzitso kwadzidzidzi kuthetsa mavuto osiyanasiyana akukumana sayansi. Izi zinamupatsa kufotokoza zambiri za mfundo anthuwo ku malo logwirizana ongolankhula.

kutulukira zinthu zatsopano

Laynus Poling mu theka lachiwiri la 1930s kuphunzira kapangidwe ka maselo maziko a chiphunzitso kumveka. Ake Akuti monga chitetezo, makamaka luso kupereka chitetezo chokwanira. Asayansi anapanga angapo kufufuza mu munda wa virology, immunology, ndi sayansi. Mwachitsanzo, anaphunzira himogulobini. Laynus Poling mu 1951 anafalitsa kufotokoza loyamba la atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena dongosolo maselo mapulotini (Co-Mlembi ndi R. Korn). Iwo anali akamagwira X-ray crystallography deta.

Maganizo ku chiphunzitso cha Pauling mu USSR

chiphunzitso Pauling kwachititsa namondwe mu USSR. Mu dziko lathu, akadzagonjetsedwa akatswiri a zinenero, asayansi kompyuta ndi geneticists anayamba zimango kwadzidzidzi, ndipo ndiye atayamba wa NKVD ndi zimapangidwira. Chiphunzitso kumveka Pauling, komanso chiphunzitso mesomerism K. Ingold, zokhudzana izo, anali mipherezero chachikulu kuukira. Soviet Union ananena kuti Pauling chifaniziro cha molekyulu weniweni monga avareji pakati pa nyumba ziwiri kapena yoipa kwambiri umboni - n'zosatheka ndi bourgeois. June 11, 1951 unachitikira msonkhano Onse-Union lomwe vuto la dongosolo mankhwala ankatengedwa. Pa chochitika ichi, chiphunzitso kumveka anagonjetsedwa.

Nobel mphoto ndi zina zomwe ena Pauling

Komabe, kukwaniritsa Linus anayamikira anali ayesedwa kunja. Pauling mu 1954 anapatsidwa Nobel Prize chifukwa kuphunzira chikhalidwe cha mankhwala akapolo, komanso tanthauzo lake kuphunzira nyumba ya mankhwala. Ndipo mu 1962 wasayansi analandira mphoto kachiwiri - ngati womenya mtendere.

Pauling ndi wolemba mabuku pafupifupi 250 sayansi ndi mabuku ambiri, kuphatikizapo wapadera mwakuya ndi kuphweka ake buku zasayansi zamakono. Mu 1948, chifukwa cha kuphunzira mu sayansi, anayamba kutsogolera American mankhwala Society, ndipo kusankhidwa Academy National wa Sciences ya United States ndi zina zambiri magulu sayansi m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

kukhazikitsa mtendere

Kwambiri kudziwa kuopsa kwa zida za nyukiliya umunthu, Linus anayamba mwachangu amenyane chilengedwe cha zida zatsopano za nyukiliya. wasayansi ameneyu anali m'gulu la initiators za kayendedwe Pugwash. Pauling mu 1957 zapita pempho kwa Mlembi General UN, yolembedwa ndi 11.021 asayansi zoimira mayiko 49. M'buku 1958 "Musapite ku nkhondo!" Laynus Poling anafotokoza maganizo ake pacifistic.

Mu June 1961, wasayansi ndi mkazi dzina lake msonkhano mu Norway (Oslo), mutu wa yomwe - kulimbana kuchuluka zida za nyukiliya. Ngakhale mankhwala Linus kuti Nikita Khrushchev, mu September chaka chomwecho Soviet Union adapitiriza kuyezetsa. Ndipo mu March chaka chotsatira, ndipo nawonso United States. Kenako wasayansi anayamba kuchita cheza kuwunika mpweya wa poizoni. Pauling wagawira mfundo zimene mlingo chawonjezeka ndi theka poyerekezera ndi m'mbuyomu zaka 16 mu October 1962. Komanso, Pauling anali kusodza pangano pa chiletso cha mtundu wa kuyezetsa. Mu July 1963, a Soviet Union, a US ndi UK kuti dzina apo.

Wasayansi watha ntchito pa Institute California of Technology mu 1963 ndipo ndinayamba kugwira ntchito mu mabungwe kafukufuku gulu ili Santa Barbara. Apa iye anayamba kulimbana ndi mavuto a nkhondo ndi mtendere. Linus yatengedwa zingapo zatsopano pa chiwopsezo cha kudetsedwa nyukiliya. Ofufuza anapeza kuti zinthu nyukiliya chifukwa khansa, khansa fupa, khansa chithokomiro ndi matenda ena. Ngakhale kuti Linus mofanana mwachangu anadzudzula mtundu manja kwa Soviet Union ndi boma US, andale ndiwofatsa adamfunsa wokhulupirika kwa United States.

Mu 1969, wasayansi anasiya ntchito pa yunivesite ya California, komwe anagwira maphunziro kwa zaka ziwiri. Iye anachita izi kuti zionetsero potsutsana unapangitsa Reagan, bwanamkubwa wa California, ndondomeko maphunziro. Linus anayamba kugwira ntchito pa University Stanford pulofesa.

moyo Pauling

Mu 1922, wasayansi anakwatiwa ndi wophunzira pa Oregon ulimi College - Ava Helen Miller (chithunzi ichi chili m'munsimu). Ali ndi mwana wamkazi ndi ana atatu. Mu 1981, Ava Helen anafa. Atamwalira Pauling ankakhala California mu Big Sur kumene dziko nyumba zawo zinali.

Orthomolecular mankhwala Pauling

Pauling ndi othandiza ndi kulimbikitsa otchedwa mankhwala orthomolecular. Kwenikweni ake kwagona kuti mankhwala ikuchitika ntchito zinthu alipo mu thupi la munthu. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti kupambana pa chimodzi kapena matenda ena okha kusintha ndende yake molondola. Scientific ake ndi Medical Institute anakhazikitsidwa mu 1973 kufufuza njira zochizira ndi kuteteza matenda ndi wonyeketsa mlingo zinafunika mchere ndi mavitameni. Pauling ankakhulupirira kuti ndi zofunika kwambiri kudya wambiri vitamini C. Mu 1979 buku anaonekera kuti wasayansi wotchedwa "Cancer ndi Vitamini C". Iwo anali adalemba kuti ascorbic asidi amathandiza kulimbana ndi matenda oopsa. Laynus Poling "Vitamini C ndi chimfine" olengedwa mwa chaka chomwecho. Mabuku onsewa anakumana ndi maganizo wosanganiza ya madokotala, koma zatchuka kwambiri.

Kufufuza ascorbic acid

Mavitamini Dr. Linus Pauling kale chidwi okalamba. Phunziro asidi ascorbic ndi kuthekera ntchito yachipatala wasayansi ndi zoyenera zaka 30 za moyo wake, ndipo anazindikira kuti ntchito bwino lalikulu zedi kuli ndi ubwino pa thupi la munthu.

Mwakucimbidza tisaiwale kuti palibe mavitamini sikungakupulumutseni ngati mukukhala moyo zosafunikira. Iwo angayerekezedwe ndi malamba mpando. Munthu wovala, izo kumathandiza kuti mwadzidzidzi, koma sichitsimikizo kuti sitingakumane ndi ulendo wotetezeka. Mavitamini amagwiritsidwa yekha kutipatsa chitetezo zina. Chitsimikizo cha zochita zawo - udakali yaitali moyo wa wasayansi monga Laynus Poling. Vitamini C, anatenga kuchuluka kwa magalamu 18 pa tsiku, ndi vitamini E (tocopherol) - 800 IU, kuyambira khumi ndi chiwiri. Linus anatha moyo mpaka zaka 93! Mu 1994, Laynus Poling anafa. Mwachidule yonena za iye akusonyeza kuti iye akudwala matenda aakulu.

Mwa njira, ngakhale adani onyansa a sayansi amavomereza kuti ascorbic asidi lipindulitsa pa thanzi. mtsutso aukali wakhala kuchuluka kwake kokha yofuna kwa zaka zambiri, amene ayenera kumwedwa.

Kodi ziwerengero?

Academy of Sciences akuonetsa kuti waumuna tsiku madyedwe a 60 mg wa vitamini C. The mfundo Russian ikhoza kusintha kutengera msinkhu, kugonana ndi ntchito za munthu. Amuna ndi 60-110 mg pa akazi - 55-80. Pa zedi yotereyi ndipo ngakhale hypovitaminosis (magazi m'kamwa, kutopa) kapena chiseyeye. Anthu amene zimawononga oposa 50 mg wa ascorbic asidi pa tsiku, malingana ndi kuwerengera, pali zizindikiro za ukalamba pa zaka 10 pasanafike mpumulo.

Mavitamini Linus Pauling

Feedback azigwiritsira amabwera kuchokera konsekonse mu dziko. Mavitamini kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi, kupereka maonekedwe abwino, mtengo wa vivacity ndi mphamvu, monga anthu amanena. Iwo ayamba otchuka monga zowonjezerazo zakudya. Tikuyankhula zokhudza chotero zovuta opangidwa lero monga "Super NAC-Mavitamini" Dr. Linus Pauling. Amakhala ndi mavitamini kuposa 40, zigawo azitsamba, mchere, achifumu odzola. Yotsirizira ali immunostimulating ndi odana ndi yotupa katundu, komanso kumawonjezera ntchito thupi ndi m'maganizo. Multivitamins Linus Pauling analimbikitsa monga nthumwi zolimbikitsa. Uku ndi gwero zina mchere ndi mavitameni.