Kuyambirira pangano: Kutalika kwa mgwirizano ndi zina za mbiri yakale ndi malamulo mbali

Zokonza mbiri ya kukhalapo kwa mgwirizanowo kuyambirira ali kwa zaka zambiri. The kuyambirira mgwirizano (pactum mu contrahendo) anali chizindikiro cha chilamulo Roma. Pangano limeneli anali wotetezedwa ku Russian chisanadze chosintha ndi Soviet malamulo a mayikowo. Choncho, CC ya RSFSR mu 1922 mwalamulo analiko chisanadze chosintha Russian malamulo a mayikowo mgwirizano kugulitsa nyumba zokhalamo, amene anakakamizika ophunzira patapita nthawi yina (malinga mawu a mgwirizano), anamaliza chisanadze kutsukidwa kwa wina - malonda. Kufunika kwa pangano kuyambirira chifukwa kuli ena mwa mavuto kapena kupanda zinthu aliyense kuti mapeto ake.

Russian wasayansi-Woweruza GF Hornets ananena kuti chifukwa cha mapeto a malonda, kukhazikitsidwa kwa tsiku atapita mgwirizano malonda zikhoza kusintha, pangakhale kupanda ufulu kampani, kapena kuti wokwatibwa ndi chiletso. The Civil Code wa zaka sananene za kuyambirira mgwirizano, koma n'zotheka mapeto ake wanzeru angathe kuona kwa tanthauzo la zili wa Civil Code, amene analola zikamera wa ufulu wa boma, osati imene chilamulo, simatsutsana izo. Zochita chuma cha zaka inkakhala Mapangano kuyambirira, makamaka m'dera la okwanira kapena malonda asapita, kumene unali woyenerera wa mgwirizanowo a kapezedwe Mwachitsanzo, wakhala vuto. Mu chuma anakonza kasinthidwe malamulo a pangano amenewa sanali bwino ankanena chifukwa chakuti ambiri Mapangano panali mipherezero amene yokha anatsimikiza mtima dongosolo akuti ya mgwirizano.

Chiyambireni cha kukonzanso msika malo udindo contractual akuwuka kwa mipherezero, anali anafuna kutenga dongosolo miyambo ya Mapangano waukuluwo. Utatha wa Soviet Union mu chikhazikitso cha Civil Malamulo akuti izo anatenga malo ake mu 1991. Izi kuchita normative chimafotokozera dongosolo la chimaliziro, nthawi zotuluka pa mgwirizano ndi maudindo ena, kuphatikizapo lamulo za kukakamiza kunena mgwirizano. Chikhazikitso sanali kupereka mndandanda enieni Mapangano waukuluwo. Izo zikhoza kukhala zosiyanasiyana zogulitsa kwa ntchito ndi misonkhano, etc.

Tsopano, pa kayendetsedwe ka yaitali contractual mabwenzi, mapeto a ophunzira ubale wachibadwidwe wa mapangano awa ndi malo kwa iwo malo zili zofunika, monga mawu a pangano, izo zimakhala chofunikira kwambiri lingaliro.

Nthawi zambiri zochita pa mapeto a mgwirizano amafuna zovuta yaitali zokambirana, yoyamba ndalama zambiri ntchito kukonzekera nthawi zina pamafunika ukatswiri kwambiri akatswiri. Izi zikachitika, funso n'lakuti, ngati kudzakhala ndalama anakhumudwitsa mu chisanadze yokonza mgwirizano, njira yayitali.

Analysis chilengedwe malamulo a mgwirizanowo kuyambirira limachititsa kuti mgwirizano uwu angapo mbali zenizeni. Pamene mgwirizano ndi zimasiyana kwambiri anthu amene munachita tsogolo inakonzedwa zinthu pulayimale ndi sekondale ya pangano adzaimira. Nthawi zina, pokonzekera mapeto a mgwirizano, ophunzira kupanga protocol wa cholinga chake. Chikalata cholembedwa zotsatira zimatheka ndi analandira udindo yeniyeni (zokhudzana ndi kupitiriza zokambirana ndi kusaina pangano) kwa nyengo yake.

Protocol maganizo kungakhale kothandiza polimbana ndi ndalama za iwowo, kupeza ngongole, dongosolo malonda lokonzekera, ndipo nthawi zina mchitidwewu. chikalata ichi kungakhale Mwachitsanzo, kwa chitsimikiziro mlandu wa malo ntchito pa kukambirana ndi debiting ndalama kwa bungwe lawo. Komabe, ngati ndi njira zina fixation za ndondomeko kukambirana, ndi protocol maganizo si ziyenera a signatories kuti kulowa ndi lamulo mu ubale tsogolo contractual.