Kuthamangitsidwa - ndi chiyani ichi? Chikudzacho ochokera m'mayiko akunja, osamukawo ndi anthu lonse - kodi zifukwa?

Kuchotsedwa kapena athamangitsidwe monga anthu osiyana makamaka ndi anthu ambiri ikuchitika mchitidwe dziko, boma zambiri, zambiri kawirikawiri kuposa zikuoneka pa koyamba. Kuthamangitsidwa - izo Umutu ndi akuti malamulo kutanthauza kuchotsa chilichonse cha malo okhala awo mpaka kalekale. Ndipo ndi chisanadze chitsutso: chikhalidwe choopsa!

Mu USSR,

Kuthamangitsidwa - ndi kamodzi, kutchulidwa (kuchokera ku mawu Latin «deportatio»). Mmodzi wa waukulu mbali Mwachitsanzo, mu USSR anali zambiri sanali milandu khalidwe, komanso kayendedwe ka lalikulu anthu ambiri akumidzi mwachirengedwe yovuta madera ena a dziko. Malinga ndi olemba mbiri ena, kupita kwa anthu anapangidwa ntchito mafuko khumi wa USSR kale: ndi Korea, Finns, Germany, Kalmyks, Karachai, Chechens, Ingush, Crimea Chitata, Balkars, Meskhetian Turkey. Ena a iwo pa nthawi yomweyo mosatsata kudziyimira pawokha ku dziko lawo! Koma ndithu, pansi yosamutsa yokakamiza, ndi ena ambiri - chikhalidwe ndi mitundu - Magulu a nzika za Soviet Union. Cossacks, kulaks, Chinese, Poland, Latvians, Estonians, ku Armenia, Tajiks ... Ambiri, ukulu, monga nthawi, chidwi!

nkhani

Tikhoza kunena, kuthamangitsidwa - lamulo kuchotsedwa ndi kupululutsa. Ndipo linayamba zaka 1918 -1925. amakakamizidwa kusamutsidwa kwa White Alonda Cossacks, komanso nzika lalikulu. Iwo anatumizidwa ku Donbass, ndi North Caucasus ndi Far North. dziko lawo anaperekedwa kwa Ingush ndi Chechens.

Mu 30s kudutsa dziko ankagwira ntchito masukulu komwe chiphunzitso amachitika m'zinenero ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mu Leningrad, lofalitsidwa manyuzipepala m'zinenero makumi (kuphatikizapo Chinese)! Ndipo anaulutsa mu Chifinishi (a ambiri amoyo mu Region Leningrad wa oimira dziko lino). Koma penapake cha m'ma 30 boma waives m'mbuyomo ndondomeko ya dziko la Kupha kudziyimira pawokha ndale ndiponso chikhalidwe cha anthu yosiyanasiyana. Izi zimachitika ndi maziko a centralization okhwima a mphamvu mu dziko, kupita chitsutsocho cha kutsutsidwa kuthekera ndi enieni. Chogwira Germany, Finns, Estonians ndi Latvians mu Leningrad. Ndi malire a dziko kuthamangitsidwa anthu wamba (ambiri - ndi Finns). Zitsulo Germany (zikwi khumi ndi zisanu mabanja - kwa anthu 65 000) anathamangitsidwa Ukraine, kuchokera m'madera pafupi ndi malire a dziko Poland - mu Kazakhstan ndi Karaganda. Pamapeto pa zaka khumi kwathunthu adagulung'undisa-kwa buku la atolankhani ndi mabuku m'zinenero dziko, pang'onopang'ono kwathetsa dziko mabungwe kumudzi zonse ndi zigawo.

Kupita kwa anthu Korea

Iye anali mmodzi wa oyamba mu Soviet Union. N'chifukwa chake - ambiri osakonzekera. The kuchotsedwa zinachitika mphamvu, mwa mphamvu NKVD mu "sitima yonyamula katundu", mu zikhalidwe kwambiri, zomwe zinachititsa kuti chiwerengero pazipita ovulala panjira. Chifukwa, 172.000 Korea anathamangitsidwa ku madera a kutali uko kum'mawa (malire) mu Kazakhstan ndi Uzbekistan, mayiko namwali m'gawo bwinja munthu. Ndipo anthu angati afa!

Ayuda anatengedwa kupita ku Germany

Mu 1941, mu August, ndi lamulo la boma anathetsa Volga German Autonomous Republic. About zikwi mazana anai Germany anathamangitsidwa (masiku awiri) mu Urals, mu Siberia, mu Kazakhstan. Komanso ankavutika amakakamizidwa oimira yosamutsa anthu a dziko amene anali a Hitler Mgwirizano (ndi Finns, Bulgarians, Hungarians). Ndipo mu 1942 ku frontline ndi anathamangitsidwa m'dzikomo anthu za zikwi makumi anai! Ndiponso anthu amene anabwerera nkhondo itatha, anathamangitsidwa kachiwiri mu 1947-1948.

opaleshoni mphodza

Mu January 1944, L. P. Beriya amadzinenera malangizo apadera mmene kuiperekeza resettlement wa anthu awa Kazakhstan ndi Kyrgyzstan. Amadziwika kuti Beria panokha kuyang'anira ntchito imeneyi wachifwamba amene kudzitamandira ndiwofatsa panafika asilikali zana limodzi zikwi makumi awiri ndi akapitawo a NKVD ndi mayunitsi ena. Mu February akadzafika mu Grozny ndipo anakumana ndi utsogoleri wa dziko la ndi atsogoleri auzimu, kupereka kugwira ntchito kukonzekera mwa anthu akuderalo. Ndipo pa February 23 akuyamba ntchito yaukapolo kuchotsedwa kwa anthu wonse. Adawomba malamulo mawu "Panther" (radioed), zomwe kuchichepetsa tsogolo la anthu ambiri. Kuthamangitsidwa - nthawizonse ndi ululu ndi matsoka.

Koma si zonse anapita bwino monga zoyembekezeredwa ndi NKVD. Yosamutsa wa Chechens ndi Ingush kwa anthu akuderalo anali limodzi ndi kuyesayesa angapo kuthawa, asamvere akuluakulu. Malinga ndi umboni wa NKVD, anatha ndingobwerera kumapiri anthu za zikwi zisanu ndi ziwiri amangidwa zigawenga zoposa zikwi ziwiri, pafupifupi zikwi - anaphedwa. "Yazamalamulo", titero, akuluakulu anagwira pa ntchito chidali ngati zikwi makumi awiri mfuti, makina mfuti ndi mfuti za makina, mfuti zina. Ndipo ichi ndi deta boma! Tinganene kuti Chechen ndi Ingush anthu kupereka kukana abwino chiwawa n'kosaloleka ndiye akuluakulu.

Kupita kwa Crimea Chitata

Zimene yosamutsa izi n'kosaloleka anthu wonse ndi chizolowezi ndithu: mgwirizano ndi Anazi m'kati ntchito ya Crimea ndi kuipa ngozi chikhalidwe. Kupita wa Chitata inayamba mu May 1944, patapita nthawi perestroika, izo zinali zobvomerezeka ndi mulandu ndi oletsedwa ndipo anaweruzidwa mu USSR. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti pa Wachiwiri World nkhondo anachita ena Chitata anawoloka kwa mdani, kuchita mongodzipereka formations usilikali, ndi a Nazi. Koma mwambo umenewu - osati chifukwa kuchotsedwa ali oyimira anthu onse. Koma ngakhale "zabwino" Crimea Chitata, amene anamenyera mu Soviet Army, m'mbuyomu, nkhondo chigonjetso, pambuyo demobilization anasamutsidwa (anatumizidwa ku malo kuthamangitsidwa). deta NKVD, okha Uzbekistan, panali anamenyela zoposa zikwi zisanu ndi cimodzi wa Chitata, zimene zambiri zinali kale amaitcha, ngakhale boma. Komanso, osamuka kokha anapatsidwa theka la ola kukonzekera (ena mwa iwo - mphindi zochepa)! Nthawi zina kuwombera pa malo amene sanathenso kuyenda. Mseu kawirikawiri anadyetsa, anali wopanda madzi. Amadutsa mu m'mabogiwo komanso mabogiwo, popanda zimbudzi, popanda zipangizo. Mopupuluma m'manda akufa pafupi ndi njanji mayendedwe. Panalibe chithandizo, anthu anayamba kudwala.

Chinali tsoka la wina anthu ambiri mozemba osamukira: Karachai, Kalmyks, Balkars, Azeris, Agiriki, Turkey, ku Armenia. Tikudziwa tsopano kuti kupita wachititsa chuma cha kwa USSR mpaka kalekale kuwonongeka. Komanso Zimalepheretsa ulamuliro ndi mphamvu akuwonetseredwa mu zinthu zoipa za nkhani ndondomeko ya dziko.

Kulungamitsidwa (Act Kukonza wa 1991)

Malinga ndi iye, ankaona anthu anazunzidwa (komanso - mafuko ndi magulu ena a anthu), ndi ulemu umene pa mlingo dziko - pamaziko a Chalk makamaka - unachitikira mfundo fuko ndi mwano, motsogozedwa ndi yosamutsa ndi chiwonongeko. ndi kusamuka onse oletsedwa a anthu anali mlandu, linagamula, ndipo ngati n'kotheka, anabwerera ku malo awo oyambirira.

malamulo amakono (chilamulo cha 2014, kupita)

M'munda ano malamulo, mawu akuti n'chimodzimodzi ndi kuchotsa boma. chilango imeneyi imagwira ntchito mu ulemu wa anthu stateless. Chikudzacho ochokera m'mayiko akunja ndi zaufulu ankalamulira, kusiya dziko lawo kumene akukhala. Mu watsopano malamulo, kulowa m'dziko la Russia ndikoletsedwa koposa theka la miliyoni alendo!

Kuthamangitsidwa anthu m'njira nawonso ankayembekezera, ngati chosemphana ndi malamulo a kukhala mu dziko malinga ndi malamulo (makamaka masiku 90 kwa miyezi sikisi, komanso wamba wrongful kukhumudwa). Pakuti malonda wolembedwa ntchito yakulipidwa osamuka popanda chilolezo ntchito kusamalira kuwonjezeka ndalama kwa rubles miliyoni. Nthawi mobwerezabwereza - ziletso, kuphatikizapo kutseka kwa kampani. Komanso, osamukawo kwambiri komanso imapereka dongosolo la ndalama ndipo ngakhale chilango zigawenga!