Miyambo ndi miyambo ya Yakuts. Chikhalidwe ndi Moyo wa Anthu a Yakutia

Malinga ndi zomwe akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakafukufuku anapeza, dziko la Yakut linayambira chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa mafuko omwe amakhala pakati pa mtsinje wa Lena ndi anthu olankhula chilankhulo cha Turkic. Patapita nthawi, dziko latsopanoli linagawidwa m'magulu angapo. Mwachitsanzo, obereketsa ng'ombe zakumpoto chakumadzulo, ndi zina zotero.

Yakuts, kufotokoza za dziko

Yakuts amadziwika kuti ndi mmodzi mwa anthu ambiri a ku Siberia. Chiwerengero chawo chikufikira anthu opitirira 380,000. Yakuts amakhala m'madera a Irkutsk, Khabarovsk ndi Krasnoyarsk, koma makamaka ku Republic of Sakha. Chiyankhulo cha Yakuts chikutanthauza zilankhulo za Turkic zomwe ziri mbali ya banja la Altai. Ntchito zazikulu za Yakuts ndizokwezera akavalo ndi ng'ombe, kusodza ndi kusaka. Masiku ano, chuma chachikulu cha Yakuts ndi diamondi. Makampani owonjezera amakula kwambiri. Yakut - Awa ndi ma yurt omwe angakhale ochepa komanso mosiyana, kutalika kwake. Yurts imamangidwa ndi nkhuni.

Amene ankapembedza Yakuts kuyambira kale

Yakuts ali ndi malo ofunikira mu chikhulupiliro adakali olemekezeka. Miyambo ndi miyambo yonse ya Yakuts ndizogwirizana kwambiri ndi izo. Amakhulupirira kuti chilengedwe ndi chamoyo, ndipo zinthu zonse zakumwamba zimakhala ndi miyoyo yawo komanso mphamvu zawo zamkati. Imodzi mwazikulu kwa nthawi yayitali inkatengedwa ngati mwini wa msewu. Ankapereka zopereka nsembe, kusiya tsitsi lavalo, zidutswa za nsalu, mabatani ndi ndalama zamkuwa pamsewu. Zomwezo zinkachitidwa kwa eni eni matupi a madzi, mapiri, ndi zina zotero.

Mabingu ndi mphezi pa Yakuts akuyendetsedwa ndi mizimu yoyipa. Ngati mtengo umatha phokoso la mabingu, amalingaliridwa kuti ali ndi mphamvu yakuchiritsa. Mphepo ya Yakuts ili ndi mizimu inayi yomwe imateteza mpumulo wapadziko lapansi. Dziko lapansi liri ndi mulungu wamkazi - Aan. Amayang'ana kukula ndi kubereka kwa zamoyo zonse (zomera, nyama, anthu). M'chaka kuti zopereka zapadera zikonzedwe.

Madzi ali ndi mbuye wake. Mphatso zomwe adazibweretsa m'dzinja ndi masika mu mawonekedwe a birch khungwa ngalawa ndi chithunzi chojambulidwa cha munthu ndi zidutswa zazing'ono. Kugwetsa zinthu zakuthwa m'madzi kumaonedwa kuti ndi tchimo.

Mwini wa moto ndi munthu wokalamba wa imvi yemwe amatulutsa mizimu yoyipa. Kwazimenezi nthawi zonse anali olemekezeka kwambiri. Moto sunatuluke ndipo nthawi zakale ankanyamula nawo miphika. Amakhulupirira kuti iye ndiye woyang'anira banja ndi nyumba.

Mpweya wa nkhalango ya Yakuts umatchedwa Baai Bayanay. Amathandiza kusodza ndi kusaka. M'nthawi zakale, nyama yopatulika idasankhidwa yomwe silingakhoze kuphedwa ndi kudyedwa. Mwachitsanzo, tsekwe, swan, mandimu ndi ena ena. Mphungu inkatengedwa kuti ndiyo mutu wa mbalame zonse. Chimbalangondo nthawi zonse chinali cholemekezeka kwambiri pakati pa magulu onse a Yakut. Makhalidwe ake ndi makhalidwe ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zibangili mpaka pano.

Maholide

Maholide a Yakuts ndi ofanana ndi miyambo ndi miyambo. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi Ysyakh. Zimachitika kamodzi pachaka ndipo zimasonyeza dziko lonse lapansi komanso chithunzithunzi cha dziko lapansi. Zikondwerereni kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Malinga ndi miyambo yakale, pamatsinje ozunguliridwa ndi achinyamata a birches aikidwa, omwe amaimira Mtengo wa Dziko ndi Mlengalenga. Masiku ano, umakhalanso mgwirizano wa anthu omwe amakhala ku Yakutia. Patsikuli amaonedwa ngati banja.

Ysyakh amayamba nthawi zonse ndi kukonkhetsa kwa moto ndi makona anai a dziko lapansi. Kenaka ikutsatira pempho kwa milungu yomwe imatumiza chisomo. Zovala zapanyumba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chikondwererochi komanso zakudya zakutchire ndi zokometsera zakonzedwa. Chakudyacho chimachitika patebulo limodzi ndi achibale onse. Kenaka amayamba kuvina kuvina, masewera, kumenyana, kuwombera mfuti ndi kugwedeza-nkhondo.

Miyambo ndi miyambo ya Yakuts: mabanja

Yakuts amakhala m'mabanja ang'onoang'ono. Ngakhale kuti mitala isanafike zaka za m'ma 1900. Koma iwo onse ankakhala mosiyana, ndipo aliyense anali ndi munda wake womwe. Mukwati, Yakuts akulowa zaka 16 mpaka 25. Pamene matchmaking imalipidwa kalym. Ngati banja liri losauka, mkwatibwi akhoza kukwatulidwa, ndikutsatidwa ndi ntchito.

Miyambo ndi Miyambo

Anthu a Yakut ali ndi miyambo ndi miyambo yambiri, kuchokera ku kufotokoza komwe ngakhale buku losiyana likhoza kutuluka. Kawirikawiri zimagwirizana ndi zamatsenga. Mwachitsanzo, pofuna kuteteza nyumba ndi ziweto ku mizimu yoyipa, Yakuts amagwiritsa ntchito zida zambiri. Zida zofunikira pa nthawi yomweyo - zokongoletsa pa zovala, zokongoletsa ndi ziwiya. Komanso, miyambo imachitikira kukolola bwino, chifukwa cha zinyalala za ng'ombe, kubadwa kwa ana, ndi zina zotero.

Mpaka tsopano, Yakuts asunga miyambo ndi miyambo yambiri. Mwachitsanzo, miyala ya miyala imalingaliridwa ndi zamatsenga, ndipo ngati mkazi ayang'ana, imataya mphamvu yake. Amapezeka m'mimba kapena chiwindi cha nyama ndi mbalame. Pambuyo pazitsulo, ili yokutidwa mu birch makungwa ndipo atakulungidwa mu horsehair. Zimakhulupirira kuti kupyolera mumasewu ena ndi chithandizo cha Sat, mukhoza kubweretsa mvula, mphepo kapena chisanu.

Miyambo ndi miyambo yambiri ya Yakuts zasungidwa kuyambira kale. Mwachitsanzo, ali ndi chiopsezo cha magazi. Koma m'nthaŵi zamakono izo zinalowetsedwa ndi dipo. Yakuts ndi okonda kuchereza alendo, monga kusinthanitsa mphatso. Zikondwererozo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mulungu wamkazi Aiyy-syty, yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi wothandizira ana.

Kuwombera

Yakuts ali ndi zipilala zosiyana siyana. Ndipo izi sizowopsa, chifukwa zakhala zida za chikhalidwe cha anthu kuyambira kale. Amagwirizana ndi zikhulupiliro, miyambo, miyambo ndi miyambo yambiri. Mbalame zonsezi zimakhala ndi zokongoletsera zosiyana, zokongola, kutalika, mawonekedwe.

Pali magulu atatu a zipilala zoterezi. Choyamba (nadvornuyu) chikuphatikizapo zomwe zili pafupi ndi malo okhala. Iwo amangirizidwa ku mahatchi. Gulu lachiwiri limaphatikizapo zipilala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazipembedzo zosiyanasiyana . Ndipo mwachitatu - kuyendetsa, yomwe imayikidwa pa chikondwerero chachikulu cha Yakut Ysyakh.

Yurts ya Yakuts

Malo okhala ku Yakuts amakhala ndi nyumba zingapo (yurts), yomwe ili patali kwambiri. Nyumba Yakut yakhazikitsidwa kuchokera ku mitengo yozungulira. Koma mitengo yochepa yokha imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga, popeza kudula mitengo yaikulu kumatengedwa kuti ndi tchimo. Makomo ali kumbali yakum'maŵa, kupita dzuwa. Mkati mwa yurt pali malo otentha omwe ali ndi dongo. Nyumbayi ili ndi mawindo ang'onoang'ono. Pakati pa makoma pali mabedi akuluakulu osiyanasiyana. Pakhomo - otsika kwambiri. Pamwamba, mwini yekha wa yurt akugona. Mabedi a dzuwa amasiyanitsidwa wina ndi mnzake ndi magawo.

Kumanga yurt, malo otsika, kutetezedwa ku mphepo, amasankhidwa. Kuwonjezera apo, Yakuts akuyang'ana "malo osangalatsa". Chifukwa chake, pakati pa mitengo ikuluikulu iwo sangathe kukhazikika, chifukwa iwo atenga kale mphamvu zonse za dziko lapansi. Pali nthawi zambiri zotere, monga mu Chinese geomancy. Posankha malo omanga, ma yurts amatembenuzidwa kukhala wamanyazi. Kaŵirikaŵiri ma yurts amamangiriridwa kuti athe kunyamulidwa ndi moyo wosakhalitsa.

Zovala zapamwamba

Chovala cha mtundu wa Yakuts chiri ndi caffean imodzi yokha. Poyamba, m'nyengo yozizira, inkapangidwa ndi ubweya, komanso kwa chilimwe - kuchokera pakhungu la kavalo kapena ng'ombe. Caftan ili ndi mphete zinayi zina ndi lamba waukulu. Manjawa ndi ochuluka. Pamapazi awo amavala mathalauza achikopa ndi masokosi. Masiku ano Yakuts amagwiritsira ntchito nsalu yosamba zovala. Iwo anayamba kuvala malaya ndi makola, atavala lamba.

Zovala zaukwati zazimayi zimadulidwa patali, kwa zidendene. Pansi pansi pitirizani. Manja ndi kolala amakongoletsedwa ndi nsalu zofiira, zofiira ndi zobiriwira, zokongoletsera za siliva, chidutswa cha zibangili. Mphunoyi ili ndi utoto wofiira. Zovala zaukwati izi zimatengedwa. Pamutu mmalo mwa zipewa zophimba ubweya waubweya ndi nsonga yapamwamba ya nsalu yakuda kapena yofiira yokongoletsedwa.

Miyambo

Kulankhula za miyambo ndi miyambo ya Yakuts, munthu sangathe kutchula za chikhalidwe chawo. Chinthu chachikulu mwa izo ndi epic olonkho, yomwe imatengedwa ngati ndakatulo zosiyanasiyana, ndipo pakuchita zofanana ndi opera. Zithunzi zimenezi zasungidwa kuyambira kale. Olonkho ikuphatikizapo nthano zambiri zachikhalidwe. Ndipo mu 2005 lusoli linazindikiritsidwa ngati cholowa cha UNESCO.

Maumboni ndi kutalika kwa mizere 10,000 mpaka 15,000 amachitika ndi olemba mbiri. Kuposa onse angathe kukhala iwo. Olemba nkhaniyo ayenera kukhala ndi mphatso yovomerezeka, yokhoza kusokoneza, kukhala ndi talente ya osewera. Kulankhulidwa kuyenera kukhala kofunika kosiyana. Kukula kwakukulu kwa olonkho kungakhoze kuchitidwa kwausiku asanu ndi awiri. Ntchito yayikuru ndi yotchuka kwambiri ili ndi mizere 36 ya ndakatulo.