Kodi nkhalango boreal? nkhalango Coniferous a m'dera limeneli: kufotokoza, nyama ndi zomera

Yaikulu zachilengedwe m'dera mu Russia ndi nayonso. nkhalango Coniferous angathe kutchedwa "mapapo a Dziko Lapansi", chifukwa kwa iwo zimadalira chikhalidwe cha mpweya, bwino mpweya ndi mpweya. Nawa anaikira chuma wachuma wa matabwa, madipoziti mchere, ena mwa iwo ndi lotseguka lero.

Location mu Russia

Lonse Mzere imafalira mu dziko lathu, ndipo nayonso. nkhalango Coniferous kuphimba zambiri Siberia (East, West), ndi Urals, m'chigawo cha Baikal, Far East ndi Altai mapiri. Chiyambi cha zone amatenga m'malire Russia za kumadzulo, izo umachokera kwa Pacific Ocean - Japan ndi Okhotsk nyanja.

nkhalango Coniferous wa nayonso pafupi ndi mabacteria ena nyengo. Mu kumpoto, iwo ali pamodzi Titafika pamalo, mu kumadzulo - ndi nkhalango yotakata-masamba. M'mizinda pali mphambano ya nayonso ndi steppe ndi nkhalango losanganikirana.

Location mu Europe

Coniferous nkhalango nayonso kuphimba osati Russia, komanso ena kumayiko ena. Pakati pawo - mayiko a ku Scandinavia, Canada. Mu dziko nayonso magulu zatenga m'gawo lalikulu ndi imatengedwa dera lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse.

Malekezero a biome ndi ili kum'mwera kwa chilumba cha Hokkaido (Japan). Chakumpoto ndi njanjira Taimyr. dongosolo limeneli chifukwa cha udindo waukulu wa nayonso-motalika mwa madera ena achilengedwe.

nyengo

Close biome lili mabacteria awiri nyengo - kotentha ndi subarctic. Ikufotokoza zosiyanasiyana nyengo mu nkhalango. The Nyengo amapereka chilimwe kutentha. Wapakati kutentha kwa malo achilengedwe m'chilimwe ndi madigiri 20 pamwamba ziro. Cold kozizira mpweya kumakhudzanso kusintha mwadzidzidzi kutentha ndi amakhudza nyengo boreal, mpweya mwina pano kuti utakhazikika digiri 45 pansi pa ziro. Komanso mphepo kuboola kuyan'anidwa bwino nthawi zonse chaka.

nkhalango Coniferous nayonso yodziwika ndi chinyezi mkulu chifukwa malo mu marshland ndi otsika osakhalitsa. M'chaka ambiri a mvula imagwera mu mawonekedwe a mvula ang'ono ndi katundu. M'nyengo yozizira kwambiri ya chisanu - kakakulu wosanjikiza ake ndi 50-80 masentimita, osati kusungunula kwa miyezi 6-7. Mu Siberia pali Madzi oundana.

Features

Zazikulu yaitali ndi olemera zachilengedwe m'dera - ndipo nayonso. nkhalango Coniferous kuphimba miliyoni khumi makilomita lalikulu la dziko malo a Dziko Lapansi! M'lifupi woyendera nthambi mu gawo European wa makilomita 800, mu Siberia - oposa 2 zikwi makilomita.

Mapangidwe nkhalango nayonso inayamba mu nyengo otsiriza, patsogolo ndi kusungunuka oundana. Komabe, kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane makhalidwe a m'derali ndipo analandira okha chaka cha 1898 chifukwa cha P. N. Krylovu, amene anafotokozedwa maganizo "nayonso" ndipo anakonza makhalidwe waukulu.

Makamaka wolemera biome mchere. Apa ochokera otchuka Russian mitsinje - ndi Volga, Lena, Kama, Northern Dvina ndi ena. Kandachime nayonso Yenisey ndi ob. Mu nkhalango coniferous la Russia ndi mosungiramo yaikulu inali - Fraternal, Rybinsk, Kama. Komanso, mu nkhalango pali zambiri mobisa madzi, ndipo n'chifukwa chake predominance achinyontho (makamaka kumpoto Siberia ndi Canada). Chifukwa cha pozizira ndi hydration mokwanira, apa pali chitukuko mofulumira dziko mbewu.

nayonso subzone

Nature Area lagawidwa atatu mabacteria boma, lomwe ndi osiyana nyengo zinthu, nyama ndi zomera.

• North. Yodziwika ndi nyengo yozizira. Apa, nyengo nkhanza ndi yotenthera ozizira. malo malo aakulu wotanganidwa ndi marshland. Nkhalango nthawi zambiri undersized, pali sing'anga-kakulidwe spruce, paini.
• Avereji. Yodziwika ndi kuwunikidwa. Nyengo kotentha - ofunda yotentha, kuzizira, koma osati frosty nyengo. Bogs kuchuluka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mkulu chinyezi. Mitengo yachibadwa kutalika, makamaka kumera spruce-bilberry.
• South. Apa pali zinyama ambiri osiyanasiyana ndi zomera, nkhalango coniferous. Nayonso kusakanizikana ali masamba mitengo ndi mitundu broadleaf. Nyengo yofunda, osiyana otentha m'chilimwe, amene kumatenga pafupifupi miyezi inayi. Yafupika waterlogging.

mitundu nkhalango

Malinga zomera muli mitundu yambiri ya nayonso. The akuluakulu ndi kuwala coniferous ndi coniferous nkhalango. Ndi mitengo pali meadows kuti anatuluka pa malo chodula mitengo.

• Coniferous mtundu. Makamaka kufalitsidwa ku Siberia. Amagwiritsidwanso m'madera ena (a Urals, Canada). Ili mu zone nyengo zikuchepa chokhala, yodziwika ndi mpweya angapo ndipo zinthu wofatsa nyengo. Mwa mitundu mtengo ambiri ndi paini - heliophilous nthumwi nayonso. nkhalango Awa ndi wotakasuka ndi yowala. Larch - mtundu wina wamba. Woods koma opepuka kuposa pine. mitengo zosiyanasiyana yosowa kwambiri ngati "m'nkhalango" maganizo a m'midzi lotseguka.
• Mdima coniferous mtundu - ambiri kumpoto kwa Ulaya ndi m'mapiri (a Alps, ndi Altai mapiri, Carpathians). m'gawo lake lili ndi kotentha phiri nyengo yodziwika ndi chinyezi mkulu. Iwo chimakhala chogwidwa ndi Oil ndi spruce, ndi zochepa wamba mlombwa, mdima coniferous pine.

masamba dziko

Back mu zaka za m'ma 19, palibe m'modzi adagawa malo achilengedwe, ndi kusiyana kwawo ndi peculiarities sanali kudziwika. Mwamwayi, chibwenzi, malowo amaphunzira mwatsatanetsatane, ndi zonse zofunika lilipo. Nayonso nkhalango coniferous - mitengo, zomera, zitsamba ... ndi khalidwe ndi chidwi zomera za m'dera chiyani?

Mu nkhalango - oti amanenedwa pa chilichonse kapena ayi malowo, omwe ndi chifukwa cha kusowa kuwala, makamaka m'nkhalango mdima. Pali pachilichonse Moss - monga ulamuliro, pali lingapezeke maonekedwe wobiriwira. Kukula zitsamba - currants, mlombwa ndi zitsamba nyenyezi yaing'ono - cranberries, blueberries.

Forest mtundu zimadalira nyengo. Chakumadzulo cha m'dera limeneli wofanana ndi ulamuliro wa spruce ndi Siberia. M'madera a mapiri kumera m'nkhalango spruce-Oil. Kum'mawa imafika m'bulu larches. Okhotsk gombe la zosiyanasiyana wachuma wa mitundu mtengo. Kuwonjezera oimira conifers, ndi zinadzala ndi nayonso ndi mitengo deciduous. nkhalango wosanganiza ndi lopangidwa Aspen, alder, birch.

The zomera za m'dera limeneli

The zomera nkhalango nayonso coniferous ndi osiyanasiyana ndi wapadera. Ndi kunyumba osiyanasiyana tizilombo. Paliponse pali furry critters ambiri, kuphatikizapo ermine, sable, kalulu, weasel. nyengo ndi nyengo nyama amangokhala, koma zosavomerezeka zolengedwa mwankhanzaku. Mu nkhalango anthu mitundu ochepa achule ndi zokwawa. chiwerengero chawo otsika kugwirizana ndi yozizira kwambiri. Onse a anthu ndi ndinazolowera nyengo yozizira. Ena a iwo amapita ku hibernation kapena inaimitsidwa makanema ojambula, ndi luso lawo moyo braked.

Kodi nyama moyo mu nkhalango coniferous? Nayonso, kumene m'misasa ambiri nyama ndi chakudya chochuluka, yodziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa zolusa monga amphaka, zofiirira chimbalangondo, nkhandwe, nkhandwe. Moyo pano ungulates - agwape, njati, mbawala, gwape. Pa nthambi za mitengo ndi pansi pa moyo makoswe - beavers, agologolo, mbewa, chipmunks.

mbalame

M'nkhalango chisa mitundu yoposa 300 ya mbalame. A zosiyanasiyana wapadera anamuona pa nayonso kum'mawa - ndi kwawo kwa grouse matabwa, otuwira grouse, mitundu yambiri ya kadzidzi ndi woodpeckers. Nkhalango yodziwika ndi chinyezi mkulu ndi mayiwe ambiri, kotero pano makamaka wotchuka wamba waterfowl. Ena oimira expanses coniferous kuti amasamukira yozizira kum'mwera, kumene mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri kukhalapo. Pakati pawo, ku Siberia Thrush ndi songster nkhalango.

Munthu mu nkhalango

zochita za anthu si nthawi zonse zothandiza kwa dziko la chilengedwe. moto ambiri chifukwa cha kusasamala ndiponso anthu osaganiza, kudula mitengo ndi kutsogolera migodi ku kuchepetsa kukula kwa nkhalango nyama padziko lapansi.

Kutola zipatso, bowa, mtedza - gulu lililonse otchuka pakati pa anthu wamba, amene amadziwika m'dzinja nayonso. nkhalango Coniferous ndi katundu lalikulu la chuma nkhuni. Apa pali madipoziti chachikulu zachilengedwe (mafuta, mafuta, malasha). Chifukwa dothi lonyowa ndi yachonde madera a kum'mwera kwa anayamba ulimi. Kufalitsidwa ndi kuswana nyama ndi kupha nyama zakutchire.