Antonov An-2 specifications, injini, kanyumba, liwiro, chithunzi ndi mtengo

makina nazo zochuluka za otsutsa kumayambiriro zaka unawonongedwa. An-2 ndege ankaoneka chakale ngakhale ndiye, pa akuluakulu mkulu ndege anali ndi ganizo lawo la momwe kuyang'ana zamakono. Biplane ndi "kuchepetsa" mphuno ndi braces ngati munthu chidina wa chisanadze nkhondo itatha, anawakumbutsa a plywood U-2, ndipo iye nthawi yomweyo "munakhala 'kutinyoza dzina lakuti" corncob "(ndi akumunena pang'ono maphunziro ndege provoevavshy onse katundu zaka zinayi kutsogolo). Ndani ankadziwa kuti nkutheka ndegeyo unsightly yaitali kuposa akutsutsa, ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali ...

Antonovskaya lingaliro

Oleg Konstantinovich Antonov chinkhoswe mu chitukuko zoyendera mphepo. nkhaniyi anabwera kwa iye pa mfundo za kupatulana. Kuukira ndege, zoponya mabomba ndi ozimitsa panthawi ya nkhondo ankafunitsitsa okonza amene anali zambiri pamoyo polenga zida za nkhondo, anali maziko a yapachiweniweni ndege chilolezo PS 84 (amatchedwanso Li-2, zolembedwa ndi zipangizo kupanga anagulidwa mu United States mu mmasate a). Antonov, mnyamata (a pang'ono pa 30), chinkhoswe mu gliders airborne mphamvu osiyana. chaka A nkhondo isanayambe, iye akufuna ndi zinachitika ndege AN-2. Zofunika musati kupanga kasamalidwe chidwi ndi otsika liwiro biplane anaonekera malovmestitelnym. Oleg Antonov anabwerera kamangidwe ka ndegeyo luso, koma musaiwale za maganizo awo.

kukhazikitsa

Mu 1945 boma la Soviet Union anazindikira progressiveness agroobrabotki anagwira aerosredstvami. Kubereketsa zomera ndiponso processing mankhwala ntchito ndegeyo m'njira mu US, ndi zonse za zipangizo zatsopano mu owonongedwa pambuyo nkhondo Zinkafunikiradi, pali vuto chakudya mu dziko. Komanso, ndege yaing'ono amatha kunyamula dazeni okwera kapena katundu wolemera matani kapena awiri panafunika ndi makalata, ndipo pafupifupi m'magulu onse a chuma, makamaka kutumikira kumadera akumidzi. zofunikira pa makina atsopano kukonza mfundo za linati: kuyenera kuchokera malo osakonzekera, kuti athe kugwira ntchito lonse nyengo zosiyanasiyana. Kukonza sayenera amafuna luso lapadera. Ndipo, ndithudi, payenera kukhala odalirika komanso zosavuta ntchito. amafuna onsewa ali ndi zogwirizana ndi AN-2, kope yoyamba anavula ku Novosibirsk mayeso kumunda 1947. Ganizo zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo wakhala ntchito.

Anapanga mu USSR

Kwa zaka zisanu, ndege linapangidwa mu ochepa (osachepera kwa USSR) zedi, zidutswa mahandiredi ochepa okha. Pambuyo "tate wa mitundu ya anthu" ya imfa N. S. Hruschev amene anatsogolera chipanichi ndipo dziko wakhala anapezerapo kuwonjezeka linanena bungwe la makina. An-2 ndege kupsa mu lingaliro la ntchito chilengedwe mankhwala ndi chitukuko cha ulimi, limene anapereka ntchito wofuna kuti "andipeze ndi kukupezani" dziko yaikulu odana wa USSR - United States. Kupanga maziko poyamba anali Kiev ndege mbewu nambala 437. zosintha Agriculture pokha kwa index "M" inamangidwa Dolgoprudny. Chodabwitsa kwa O. K. Antonova Anthu akhala pafupifupi cholinga chachikulu cha An-2. Luso makhalidwe a ndege ndi sayembezereka chitonthozo mu ndege ndi katundu "buffeting" chifukwa otsika "denga" osati choletsa. Mkati ali okonzeka mu njira zosavuta, timaika pamodzi m'mbali m'malo yopapatiza mabenchi. Chotero kutchuka kwa chilengedwe chake ambiri mlengi ndemanga tartly zokwanira, namutcha iye ndi "malata akhoza ndi mapiko." Komabe, chithunzi An-2 ndi Aeroflotovskie "mapiko", ndi zipangizo pafupi Chukchi Nyumba Zoyenda Nazo, ndi maziko a msipu phiri, kapena kungoti pa munda ulimi zambiri anakumana ndi atolankhani Soviet cha zaka. The tikiti mtengo anali wodzichepetsa, nthawi zina kwa rubles atatu akhoza kuuluka kwa oyandikana pakati chigawo, chitonthozo ndi undemanding wolemekezeka, koma anthu analankhula za "Annushka" ofunda kwambiri.

Wantchito mu ...

Mpaka 1963, a An-2 anali kokha Soviet ndege. Mu 1958 ndi zolembedwa kupanga ake mu mgwirizano zokomera mayiko anapereka Poland, ndi Soviet fakitale kutulutsidwa pang'onopang'ono anayamba kugwa. Polish kampani PZL-Mielec kuika "pa mapiko a" pafupifupi 12 zikwi biplanes, amene makamaka anagula Soviet Union (oposa 10,000). Terms of yoperekera kwa "dziko mbiri" inali kutchulidwa pasadakhale, ndi zipangizo otsala ankagwiritsa ntchito m'mayiko zokomera ndi madera ena a dzikoli, kumene anayamikira ndege wapadera.

Antonov Design Bureau makina anazitcha ku China. Pali massively kubala AN-24 pa chilolezo ndi (analandira index Y-7) ndipo An-2 (Y-5). Chiwerengero opangidwa ku dziko, "Annushka" nthawi kuposa khumi ndi zikwi, 2012 a iwo ali bwino luso ukhala zidutswa 2300. An-2 ndege mogwirizana ndi Guinness Book of World - wopulumuka-mbiri chofukizira, zinabala zaka zoposa sikisi.

Pa helm a "Annushka"

oyendetsa onse ndi zinachitikira piloting ndi biplane (poyamba, yaikulu), dziwani yake yapadera "osakhalitsa". Lalikulu wachibale padziko dera onyamula pafupifupi kumatha zodabwitsazi zosasangalatsa monga "svalivaemost". Ndi headwind 50 Km / h An-2 mwina pafupifupi "kukangamira pa malopo", zikuuluka pa mfundo amodzi a dziko lapansi. Zimenezi zimabweretsa luso kukonzekera mu mode ndi anangotsika kapena injini malfunctioning. Simple, koma kwambiri bwino cholinga nanyema, zofanana ndi zimene anagwiritsa ntchito magalimoto, kuchepetsa chodzala pambuyo ankafika, ndi zofunika kwa msewu wonyamukira ndege ndi makonzedwe kwambiri. An-2 zashuga chitonthozo chapadera ndi osiyana, komabe omasuka, ndege ziwiri si kwambiri mipata yokwanira. Glazing ali zolosera kuti kusintha aone.

Zosintha zina

The galimotoyo si kutsukidwa, zomwe, ndithudi, ndi mfundo kuuluka bwino potsatira njira ya view, zoipa, koma wangwiro mwa mawu a kudalirika. Pneumatic mpope mungathe, popanda kusiya zashuga, pali anamanga-kompresa. Kuwonjezera mawilo ochiritsira pa ubwenzi wokhazikika wokwera zipangizo ntchito m'nyengo yozizira kapena zinthu kozizira kapena zoyandama chapadera chokhala maboti, kayaks, chifukwa chimene ndegeyo akutembenukira kwa hydroplane.

Atavala chipangizo paokha, popanda refueling, malinga ndi mafuta mpope, angathe ikukoka mafuta kuchokera mbiya molunjika mu akasinja lapansi.

Kugwiritsa An 2-

Chotero structural ndi ntchito kuphweka anapanga ndege chofunika nthawi zambiri. Ndi ntchito ngati choyezera zouluka, ambulansi mpweya, mapiko moto galimoto. Anali kutchuka yaikulu An-2 ndodo aero, ambiri othamanga parachutists anapanga kulumpha chawo choyamba, analowa mu khomo lotseguka la biplane a. Baibulo wakhala analengedwera kafukufuku nyengo reconnaissance ndi kanyumba zina kutsogolo yopingasa empennage. Ngati ndi kotheka, ndege akhoza lidzasinthidwa kuukira ndege kopitilira muyeso-kuwala, kumupachika Nursi mabomba. Iye, ndithudi, adzakhala otsika liwiro, koma molondola adzapereka kugunda.

makhalidwe a

Flight ndi ntchito ya makina amenewa kuti mpaka zina, palibe m'malo ndege AN-2. Luso makhalidwe a izo ndi lero ndi wabwino ndithu kuti gulu la magalimoto kuwala. Zofunika Kunenepa -. Matani 5.5 ndi payload 1.5 tonnes malo wodzipereka kwa katundu kutalika zochepa 1.8 m, 1.6 mamita lonse, 4.1 mamita yaitali makhalidwe Normal -. 12. Pakuti zofunika mokwanira kuuluka PAD mamita 235 yaitali, ndi kubzala - mamita 10 zochepa. Denga - 4200, koma nthawi Wapambana zouluka ikakhala m'munsi. The ikuthamanga kwambiri AN-2 180 Km / h, pazipita ukufika 235 Km / h (katundu zonse). makina kuwuluka yosayima kwa pafupifupi zikwi makilomita.

mavuto masiku ano

Aliyense, ngakhale chitsanzo bwino kwambiri za sayansi, zimasintha m'kupita kwa nthawi. Nazonso ndi AN-2. Features Ndizabwino, koma zofuna nthawi yathu pa amagetsi zasintha. Pa nthawi imene gazvoda wamba ndalama zoposa mafuta, mowa wake kuwaŵerenga. azimuth zikuchitika kwa nthawi yaitali, koma adzauka pa mtengo wa mankhwala mafuta chinam'chititsa kusintha.

Engine Antonov-2 carburetor, tysyachesilny, odalirika, koma amafuna wapadera ... mafuta, ndege, ndi mtengo. Ndipo kumwa izo kwambiri ndithu. M'mayiko ena, makamaka Canada ndi United States mtundu wa ndege ndikoletsedwa. Koma okhometsa ndipo pali okonzeka kupeza An-2. Mtengo wa rubles hafu miliyoni ndipo pamwamba sadzaleka amene akufuna kupeza wosangalala kwambiri kuchokera piloting "mpesa ndege."

mnyamata wachiwiri AN-2

CB O. K. Antonova anali oyamba kukhazikitsa injini chopangira mphamvu kagwere zoyendera ndipo wina ndege. ubwino zambiri: mafuta - palafini, mkulu zodalirika, dzuwa, kuchepetsa phokoso. Mu makumi asanu ndi ofesi kapangidwe ali anavomera kuchita Baibulo la An-2, okonzeka ndi turboprop (Turbo tinakwera injini), koma utsogoleri wa khama ndege makampani anasankha kutumiza pa ntchito yofunika ngalawa sing'anga apamwamba, anafuna m'malo Il-14 Li-2, yemwe ankagwira ntchito nthawi kuti maulendo onse oyandikana. Komanso, yoyenera kukula kwa injini anali pa nthawi yolakwika. Koma mu mochedwa 70 injini akatswiri ochokera Omsk anamanga HPT 20, n'koyenera kuti "Annushka". Mu 1990 iye anali wofunitsitsa AN-3, ndi glider pafupifupi mwathunthu kuletsa "tinatengera" ndi AN-2, koma ndi powerplant osiyana. Zino, iye sanapite, kupewedwa mavuto azachuma. ntchito anayambanso mu 1997, kuwonjezera avionics ano. M'dera kwambiri zingamuthandize wa wamakono "Annushek ankaona" "remotoring" ndege kusunga osachepera theka-utali wamoyo.

Ntchito umenewu ndi pansi mu Ukraine, pali ntchito injini MS 14 "Njinga Sich". Palinso njira (Novosibirsk) wamakono wa biplane wotchuka, kumakhala unsembe wa masiku injini American Honeywell a. kusinthidwa uyu dzina lake AN-2ms.

Pa nthawi zonsezi, unsembe wa chopangira mphamvu ndi kusiya zochimwazo kumathetsa vuto la phokoso, amaika mafuta ndi zipangitsa ndi kusalandira "100" mtundu wa mafuta mtengo. M'mbali zina zonse, ndi AN-2 - galimoto lalikulu. Pali chifukwa choganizira kuti adzakhala ndi moyo wautali kudzulu pa nkhalango, minda ndi mizinda.