Kusamalira a mbewu ya tsabola. Chodzala mbande tsabola: yokonza mbewu, nthaka

Kubzala ndi kusamalira mbewu ya tsabola lokoma - njira si zovuta kwambiri, koma iwo amafuna kudziwa zenizeni kwa zinthu athanzi ndi amphamvu kubzala.

Konzani mbewu tsabola kubzala

Mbande tsabola anayamba anabzala kuchokera February kwa m'ma May. Izi zidalira pa kulima mmera malo. Mu kutentha koopsa, ndipo pawindo mbewu yofesedwa m'ma February, koma osati mkangano kubzala kutentha zolimbitsa thupi ndi bwino pakati pa March. Mu mbewu za tsabola okoma mu zaka zitatu anataya kumera, nchifukwa chake awo analipo Zolongosoledwa ndi kuchotsedwa kuonongeka. Ndi mbande amphamvu ndi yotheka anali tsabola, yokonza mbewu, nthaka kuyenela kuchithika pasadakhale.

Pali njira zambiri kusintha mbewu kumera. Choyamba, calibration imachitidwa, imene anasankha yaikulu komanso apamwamba mbewu, amene ali nkhokwe zambiri zatu. Chifukwa chaichi, iwo ayenera akhathamiritsa kwa maminiti pang'ono mu njira ya sodium kolorayidi, zomwe zakonzedwa ndi diluting supuni 1 mchere mu 1 chikho madzi. Zonse bwinobwino osokonezeka, kenako zikukhazikitsa. Ntchito kokha Kukwatiwa mbewu kubzala amene anali osambitsidwa ndi madzi oyera ndi zouma.

Pakuti disinfection ndi zolimbikitsa kumera ankawaviika mbewu kwa mphindi 7 mu ofunda 3% hydrogen peroxide njira kapena Mphindi 30 mu potaziyamu permanganate njira zomwe zakonzedwa ndi Kutha 1 g wa permanganate potaziyamu mu 100 ml ya madzi firiji kapena chiphunzitso ndi, mwachitsanzo, "Ekosile" .

Kusintha kumera akhoza basi zilowerere kwa masiku angapo mbewu mu madzi ofunda, kutentha kwa +25 kuti +30 madigiri Celsius. Pakuti ichi ndi okwanira kuyala thanki gauze kapena fyuluta pepala, amene anaika pamwamba pa nkhani kubzala, madzi-yonyowa. Tsatirani chinyezi nthawi zonse, madzi ayenera kukhala pang'ono mbewu musati kuvunda. Kamodzi waikira mazira, iwo ayenera kukhala wouma pang'ono, ndi kubzala mwachindunji mu makapu kapena teplichku.

Ena wamaluwa kusangalala ndi kuyesa mbewu tempering. Izi ndi kuonetsetsa kuti m'tsogolo mbande wakhala ndinazolowera dontho kutentha. mbewu Zidamera anayikidwa kwa mphindi 60 mu firiji, ndiye kuchotsedwa ndi adzawalange firiji 2 h. mpheto amenewa ikuchitika 3 maulendo.

Kusankha nthaka muli kwa mbande

kuisamalira mbande tsabola zimatengera mtundu wa dothi asankhidwa kukhala lotayirira, bwino kuyamwa chinyontho. Chifukwa chololera kusanganikirana angagwiritsidwe ntchito osakaniza ndi kuwala bulauni peat munali zatsalira undecomposed zomera, tsamba, kutentha, kuwaika, nthaka, utuchi chabwino, mchenga coarse, perlite, manyowa, zimene manyowa munda ndi vermicompost. Mfundo yofunika ndi kuletsedwa kwa ntchito m'dziko m'dera limene kale wamkulu zomera za banja nightshade, pofuna kupewa matenda a mmera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a phwetekere ndi tsabola. Pambuyo kusakaniza m'pofunika kuchita disinfection ndi njira ofooka permanganate potaziyamu.

Pali kufanana osiyanasiyana Zosonkhanitsa nthaka:

1. The chiŵerengero cha 5: 1: 4 manyowa, zimene peat, ndiwo zamasamba dothi kapena sod. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito pang'ono mchenga mtsinje.
2. Chiŵerengero 1: 3: 1 sod dziko, peat ndi humus. Kusakaniza izi kuwonjezera analimbikitsa feteleza: 10 ga superphosphate, ammonium nitrate 1 g, 5 ga mchere potaziyamu zochokera makilogalamu 1 dothi.

Zidzakhala bwino kukula pa Coco gawo lapansi mbande. Tsabola, kubzala ndi kusamalira mbewu zomwe n'komwe ndi kusamalira zomera zofesedwa mix yachibadwa nthaka adzamva zabwino.

Kodi zidzawonjezedwa kwa hydrogel nthaka zimene musunge chinyezi bwino. Chifukwa chaichi, mikanda, chisanadze kutupa mu madzi, ndi kusakaniza dothi. Ngati inu ntchito granules youma, pamene kutupa, iwo aithamangitse dothi chidebe.

Chifukwa chodzala mbande abwino mabokosi yaing'ono, makapu pulasitiki kapena mitsuko, khungu ndi thireyi, ndi miyala peat, miphika ndi tizibowo pansi.

A imodzi yabwino kwambiri kwa seeding ndi peat mapiritsi, amene n'zosavuta kunyamula mbande pa kumezetsanitsa kapena zokumbira.

Kufesa mbewu za mbewu tsabola

Muli wodzazidwa ndi osakaniza lapansi kotero kusiya 2 cm pansipa m'mphepete chapamwamba mphika. Pamene chodzala mmera mabokosi kuchita matabwa ndodo grooves kuti akuya 1 masentimita, ndi mipata pakati pa mizere ndi 5 cm. Mtunda pakati pa mbeu mzere ndi 2 cm. Pambuyo kufesa iwo kuwaza pang'ono dziko.

Pofuna kuti tiziwononga nthawi pa kumuika achinyamata mbande mbewu anadzetsa makapu kapena maselo payekha.

Mphamvu seeded mbewu mu nthaka kwa kanthawi, mpaka mbewu utakula, anaika mu malo otentha pafupi chivundikiro batire ndi polyethylene woonda kapena galasi kuchepetsa evaporation. Tsiku lililonse muyenera fufuzani nthaka mu bokosi, kupewa kuyanika. Ngati pretreatment mbewu tsabola zinachitikadi, zikumera adzawonekera mkati mwa sabata. Pambuyo pake, kuyeretsa chivundikiro zoteteza kupewa kutenthedwa ndiponso kuwonongeka kwa zikumera lapansi.

Kutentha akadakwanitsira ndi kuyatsa

Yoyenera mbande chisamaliro tsabola ndi yabwino chifukwa chosafuna chikhalidwe kutentha, limene kuchokera tsiku +24 kuti +26 madigiri Celsius ndi usiku +15 kuti +17 madigiri Celsius.

Pepper Nkofunika dzuwa, monga kuyenera kuyatsa yokumba. Asanadzalemo mbande ayenera kudziwa zenera kwambiri kuwala pa izo ndipo ayenera kukhala wamkulu zomera. Chimakula tsabola bwino kumbali yakum'mwera.

kuyatsa

Koma si nthawi zonse mbande zokwanira kuwala. Tomato, tsabola amafuna chisamaliro zofanana, kotero nyengo mitambo akhoza kuunikiridwa ndi zomera fulorosenti nyali. Mtunda ku nsonga ya mmera kuti fixture ayenera kukhala osachepera 15 cm. M'kupita kwa nthawi, nyali ayenera adzaukitsidwa kwa mbande wamkulu. Chomera chimafuna maola 20 kuyatsa yokumba.

mbande swordplay

chisamaliro Komanso kwa mbande ya tsabola amagwirizana ndi masankhidwe a mbewu wamphamvu kwambiri ndi lalikulu pansi pa mphika osiyana. Izi zimamupatsa zomera danga chitukuko ndiponso kuwakonzekeretsa kubzala tsogolo pansi lotseguka.

mbande madzi pamene iwo mwakula ndi 2 masamba ang'ono Muzu, izo zimachitika mu masabata 2-3 kwa mbewu kubzala. Kuti zimenezi mpheto madzi pansi ndipo kenako kuchotsedwa 2 zikumera chasa amene ndiye nakonza ndi muzu lachitatu chachikulu. Mbewu iliyonse yabzalidwa mu mphika osiyana kapena chidebe ena.

kuthirira

Pambuyo pa masiku atatu oyambirira a kumera nthaka si moisturize. Kusamalira mbewu tsabola pa siteji iyi yake kutsirira, ntchito sprayer yosavuta. Ndi zikamera wa cotyledonary masamba mbande madzi pa kutentha madigiri pafupifupi 30 Celsius.

Sayenera kwambiri moisten nthaka imfa kwambiri chinyezi sichipsa mtima mmera blackleg pamene niivunda woyambira mbali ya tsinde la. Pa chizindikiro pang'ono kusamalira mbewu ya tsabola wotsika kuletsa madzi, ndiye kuwaza ndi nthaka phulusa kapena mchenga calcined. Muyeneranso zonse asamafalitse m'nthaka nayo nthawi kuti ziume.

Pa pansi pa mphika kapena bokosi ayenera kukhala mipata otaya chinyezi owonjezera.

feteleza mbande

ayenera kudyetsedwa tsabola chitukuko yachibadwa. Mbande chisamaliro kugwirizana ndi feteleza pa zimafunika nthawi zosachepera 4. Pamene awiri masamba weniweni ikuchitika kudyetsa njira akamagwira Kutha malita 10 a madzi ofunda, 15 g mchere potassium 10 ga urea, 40 ga superphosphate. lita imodzi ya kudya ngati Kumkwanira zomera 10.

The umuna chachiwiri ikuchitika mu masabata 2, koma pokonza njira Chinawonjezeka 2 nthawi zambiri superphosphate.

Kwa chitukuko bwino dongosolo muzu wa mbewu kutsanulira kukonzekera potaziyamu humate, 25 ml ya wothandizila ndi kuchepetsedwa malita 10 a madzi. Pamene 6 masamba pa budding anagwira microelement kuvala, womwenso mkuwa, chitsulo sulphate, asidi orthoboric, manganese sulphate ndi nthaka.

Nkofunika kukula mbande ndi nthawi anabzala mu nthaka lotseguka.