KAMAZ, dongosolo yozizira: chipangizo ndi kukonza

Dongosolo yozizira dongosolo galimoto n'kofunika kusunga mphamvu injini opaleshoni. magalimoto pafupi Kama galimoto mbewu coolant zimasiyanasiyana mu osiyanasiyana 80-120 ⁰ C. Poganizira kuti injini kutentha ukufika 220 ⁰ C, kumakhaladi zambiri bwino lofunika kwambiri dongosolo injini kuzirala.

Features ndi mbali zofunika

KAMAZ, dongosolo yozizira omwe ali pafupifupi zofanana ntchito chakale optimally. Pankhani ya zolakwika za galimoto injini akufuna vuto ndithu. Dongosolo zofunika pafupifupi chimodzimodzi monga magalimoto ndi magalimoto:

• yozizira rediyeta;
• mpope madzi;
• mipope;
• thermostats;
• yozizira fani.

Kusiyana kwa dongosolo yozizira si yomweyo zoonekeratu magalimoto zofunikira - pamaso pa 2 thermostats. Ichi ndi chifukwa makamaka mbali ya kapangidwe ndi engine. V woboola pakati eyiti ali awiri yamphamvu mutu oyenerera pa makona ⁰ zosakwana 90 (choncho dzina). The zotsatirazi mbali - khungu pa heatsink lapansi. Mu nyengo yozizira, iwo angathe chatsekedwa ndi kulola mwamsanga injini zochangamutsa.

Coolant (KAMAZ 740) wapangidwa kwa hayidiroliki zimakupiza zowalamulira. Ankalamulira pagalimoto kuti basi kusintha liwiro fani, potero mwamphamvu yozizira injini.

Dera la dongosolo yozizira

Coolant (KAMAZ 740) ali ndi dera lililonse limene ndi losavuta kumvetsa ndi ntchito zazikulu. zimakwana chimasonyeza kuti dongosolo galimoto ndi yozizira ndi chatsekedwa amakakamizidwa makope zoletsa kuwuma. Liwiro kuyenda malinga ndi mpope madzi (30). The coolant amalowa M'mimbamo loyamba la kumanzere banki yamphamvu kenako kupyolera chubu kuti patsekeke wa lamanja banki yamphamvu.

Pambuyo madzi adzadutsa mitu yamphamvu, izo mwachibadwa likamatenthetsa. Amafotokozera lotsatira mu njira ndi imodzi (17). Apa, malingana ndi mlingo wa Kutentha madzimadzi kapena kubwereranso ku mpope (yaing'ono bwalo) kapena rediyeta yozizira (10). Redieta (zambiri 3 kapena 4 mzere) mwachangu akamazizira zoletsa kuwuma anamaliza bwalo lalikulu, kutsogolera coolant kwa mpope.

Dera la dongosolo kuzirala (KAMAZ) zikusonyezedwa mkuyu. Komanso pali thanki kuwonjezeka (21) ndi chivindikiro (22) ndi Crane kuyan'anila mlingo wa madzi (20). Zimakupiza msonkhano ndi zowalamulira (9) akulamulira liwiro ndi malangizo a coolant otaya. Iwo adamulowetsa pa kutentha 85 ⁰ C. Nthawi zambiri, zoletsa kuwuma kutentha pamene injini ayenera anakhalabe mu osiyanasiyana 85-90 ⁰ C. Kuonjezera otaya mpweya kudzera fani amaperekedwa diffuser. Mu nkhani ya madzimadzi owonjezera mu dongosolo kuzirala kutentha (98 ⁰ C) pa chida gulu magetsi chizindikiro nyale mmwamba.

Zofooka za dongosolo yozizira

Kuyamba, onani, chimene chingachitike ngakhale ndi dongosolo yozizira magalimoto katundu. Mavuto kwenikweni sali kwambiri:

• otaya;
• kutenthedwa la zoletsa kuwuma ndi;
• hypothermia;
• Yozizira madzimadzi kulowa dongosolo mafuta.

Coolant kutayikira kwenikweni kumachitika mwa mipope pawiri, ndipo pamapeto lotsiriza la fupa lothyoka la (akulimbana) wa payipi mphira. Motero, chimodzi mwa zofooka mu dongosolo - mipope. KAMAZ, dongosolo yozizira amene amapereka zolephera, akuyamba "zowawa" ndi overheat. Inde, ngati coolant mlingo akutsikira, ndi Kutentha chonse cha dongosolo kumawonjezera. Pali kale pafupi ndi kutenthedwa. Kuthetsa kuchucha n'kofunika kumangitsa zonse mosamala ndi pressurize dongosolo lonse.

The chachiwiri ofooka mfundo zingadziŵike thermostats. Mu chochitika cha kulephera kwa chinthu ichi monga kutenthedwa zotheka ndi injini supercooled. Izo zimatengera malo omwe vavu munakhala. Ngati imodzi ndi yotsegula, madzi "amayenda" motsatira bwalo lalikulu kudzera Redieta lapansi. Pankhani ya injini mkangano mmwamba kuti sapereka injini kuti konzekera. Ngati pa nthawi yomweyo kwambiri ndipo anatsegula khungu, galimoto akhoza supercooled.

Ngati imodzi chatsekedwa, palibe zoletsa kuwuma akulowa Redieta mofulumira usavutike ndi injini otentha. Kwa kanthawi, zinthu amapulumutsa zimakupiza (Kamaz). Dongosolo yozizira ikutha kusamalira ndi koopsa zoletsa kuwuma poyamba, ndiyeno engine.

Wachitatu mu mzere zofooka adzakhala yozizira zimakupiza zowalamulira. Ngati sichitha, dongosolo chabe kuzirala kudzera Redieta sadzakhala kukoka. Ngati Kuyang'ana kwa galimoto ndi nthawi kuchita mayeso njira ndi waya malo "Muzisamala", palibe mavuto pa dongosolo yozizira si n'kothandiza kwambiri.

yozizira Redieta (KAMAZ)

Taonani zigawo zonse zikuluzikulu za dongosolo kuzirala payokha. Ndipo kuyamba ndi chakuti woyamba limagwira diso - rediyeta.

Yozizira dongosolo (KAMAZ 5320) ali mu dongosolo lake 3 kapena 4 mzere yozizira Redieta. Linapangidwa ndi mtundu chakale ndipo umaimira:

• m'munsi mosungiramo, amene ali abwino kubwereketsa chitoliro;
• dongosolo chapakati machubu anakonza m'mizere angapo;
• thanki cham'mwamba mwa kundipatsako chitoliro.

Redieta Kuuluka atatu mfundo. Pa mbali zonse za bulaketi ndi ananamizira, womwe kudzera zinthu damping amagwira kwa mamembala chimango mbali. The yolusa pansi pa rediyeta ndi olumikizidwa kwa mtanda kapamwamba chimango №1.

Mbali yapadera ya kapangidwe ka rediyeta (Kamaz) ndi kukhalapo kwa aja. Dongosolo makina mbale zitsulo, zimene zingatipunthwitse kulumikiza ku mtsinje wa mpweya kudzera Redieta lapansi. Khungu kulamulidwa ndi chingwe kumasulidwa yosavuta mwachindunji ku cockpit lapansi. Ngati chogwirira ndi anatulutsa, izo zimatanthauza kuti khungu atsekedwa, ndipo mwinamwake - ndi lotseguka. Ndi mu nyengo yozizira injini umafunda mmwamba mofulumira.

zimakupiza

KAMAZ kuzirala zimakupiza wokwera pa kutsinde ndi lumikiza madzimadzi kunja umaimiridwa ndi lobes asanu. Malinga ndi kutentha olimbana zowalamulira ndi ndikaona osinthasintha. Zimakupiza malinga inclusions awa kapena ngati ntchito kapena ayi ntchito mu nkhani ya lumikiza madzimadzi ankangokhala imazungulira mwangozi otaya mpweya.

Chifukwa mpweya atawapempherera kuti ayeretsedwe aluso dongosolo injini kuzirala (KAMAZ) ali pa zimakupiza casing. Zikhale za pepala woonda zitsulo ndi kukhomerera. Uyamiko kwa Iye, mpweya umayenda bwino kokha pa rediyeta ndi mbali kutsamwa.

Yozizira lumikiza madzimadzi

yozizira chipangizo (KAMAZ) ali mu kapangidwe kake amenewa chinthu chofunika monga lumikiza madzimadzi. Cholinga cha chipangizo ichi - ndi torsion opatsirana ku crankshaft kuti zimakupiza galimoto injini kuzirala. Pankhani ya kusintha mwadzidzidzi wa makokedwe madzimadzi lumikiza dampens Phokoso, ndi kukolezera nthawi zonse kuthamanga bwino, popanda jerks.

Amapanga, lumikiza madzimadzi limapangidwa matayala kuluka pa kutsinde, kupyolera mayendedwe mu nyumba ndi. Osiyana chiwerengero cha masamba 33 ndi kuwatsogolera iwo, ndi pa lotengeka - masamba 32. Pakati lumikiza madzimadzi ali M'mimbamo mkati amene ntchito. Ndi kupyolera M'mimbamo ntchito amapezeka makokedwe HIV pamene uli wodzazidwa ndi mafuta.

Madzimadzi lumikiza dongosolo yozizira ntchito, m'pofunika kuti injini mafuta mu izo analandira. Ichi ndi chifukwa magetsi, amene ali malo atatu. 3 zogwirizana ndi atatu potseka modes lophimba ntchito zimakupiza:

• zodziwikiratu;
• mosalekeza kutsegula wa fani;
• Zimakupiza kwathunthu kutali, ndi zowalamulira si kupatsira makokedwe ku crankshaft lapansi.

Mu mode basi, dongosolo kuzirala (KAMAZ Yuro 2) ukugwira malinga chiwembu mwakuchita okonza. Mpaka pa coolant kutentha 86 ⁰ C mafuta alibe kuyenda mu M'mimbamo ntchito ndi hayidiroliki zowalamulira zimakupiza kutali. Ndipo ndi kuwonjezeka kutentha lophimba chikuyamba ndi mafuta amalowa lumikiza madzimadzi, potero homuweki fani.

Ngati lophimba zowalamulira zolakwika (injini overheats), Ndi bwino kuika mu malo anatulukira zonse ndi lumikiza madzimadzi. Ndipo pambuyo vuto kubwerera kwa mode basi. Chifukwa nthawi imene galimoto chililaka ma Ford kwambiri, malo lophimba bwino kuika mu boma chatsekedwa kwa zowalamulira pa.

mpope madzi

Yozizira System (Kamaz) mfundo ina yofunika - mpope madzi. Ntchito yake yaikulu - kufalitsa coolant mu dongosolo injini kuzirala. Popanda Sangathe kulenga otaya zabwino m'njira yoyenera. Tikanena za kulephera kwa ntchito injini adzakhala pansi pa funso.

Internal ntchito M'mimbamo ya mpope ndi zisindikizo kutetezedwa. Pakuti kupewa malfunctions mu mpope ali lubricator, amene ndi yabwino ikukoka mafuta. Ulamuliro chizindikiro ndi kudzaza kutsegula kudzera amene owonjezera pothawira lubricant. yachibadwa "Litol" ntchito monga lubricant a. Kuti mudziwe za zikayamba ya mpope casing, pali wapadera ngalande dzenje. Ngati uyenda, ndiye zisindikizo samachititsa, ndipo ayenera m'malo.

Amazilamulira ndi kugwirizana

Yozizira machubu (KAMAZ) adzakhala zabwino moyang'aniridwa. Pankhani ya kulumikiza leaky zikuoneka kutaya wambirimbiri coolant ndi overheat galimoto ndi. chidwi ziperekedwe kwa mafupa a mipope kwa rediyeta, mpope madzi ndi imodzi.

yozizira thermostats ali ndi udindo pa kayendetsedwe ka utuluke zoletsa kuwuma. Ndi kuwonjezeka kutentha madzi 80 ⁰ C ndi kunam'sintha kwa rediyeta, ndi i.e. makope Choncho wayamba kutsatira "bwalo lalikulu". Mu gawo ili la otaya akupitiriza kuyenda mwa "yaing'ono bwalo". Only pa kutentha 93 ⁰ C. vavu "m'mapapo mwanga" mokwanira chatsekedwa ndi coolant onse umayenda mwa injini Redieta.

yozizira dongosolo

Yozizira System (KAMAZ 740) sasiyana ku zitsanzo m'mbuyomu. Muyenera kudziwa kuti 740 mayuro galimoto mtima 0, Yuro 2, Yuro 3 ndi Yuro 4 sanapange kusintha kulikonse dongosolo yozizira. Choncho, zimene ayenera kuchita kuti dongosolo utumiki bwino?

Pantchito yoyamba kwambiri muyenera kuchita tsiku lililonse, pamene galimoto opareshoni, izo zili kuchucha mu dongosolo (kutsatira kuda kutayikira a) ndiyeno kudzazidwa ndi zoletsa kuwuma kwa mlingo analimbikitsa. Obweretsa coolant m'chilimwe kungakhale madzi wamba, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira - ndi Mkhalidwe zoletsa kuwuma kapena zoletsa kuwuma. Ntchito m'madera wankhanza wa kumpoto mu dongosolo yozizira anaika magetsi.

zochita zina pa utumiki, amene amachititsa chizolowezi pazikhalanso:

• ndi mavuto lamba;
• madzi mpope yokonza (kondomu ya mayendedwe kuphatikiza macheke ndi kuchotsa zisindikizo);
• fufuzani pagalimoto lamba tensioner;
• kuthamanga zonse kudziyesa dongosolo yozizira;
• khalidwe kulamulira zoletsa kuwuma ndi M'MALO ake angakwanitsire;
• ankatenthetsa dongosolo mu mwambo clogging amphamvu.

kuthamanga mayeso

Coolant (KAMAZ 65115) ayenera impermeability wathunthu. Zithunzi anayendera ndi chabwino, koma sangathe kusonyeza malo amene ali pafupi kuyamba kutuluka. Kuzindikira zofooka ngati ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito kuthamanga n'zotsimikizira ndi kutulutsa kulenga kuthamanga.

Ntchito zokwanira crimp chapamwamba Redieta polowera mpope kuthamanga, kuyamba injini ndipo penyani manometer. Ngati zonse zili bwino, ndipo dongosolo alibe deletions, dzanja chida sadzasintha udindo wake. Apo ayi, pamene singano akuyamba kupita pansi, ife tikhoza kupeza malo mabvuto.

m'malo coolant

Pamene muyenera m'malo dongosolo madzi kuzirala wonse, si choncho osowa. Njira yosavuta - yozizira anadza, dongosolo ndi madzi yosavuta. Komanso, m'malo ukafunidwe mu chochitika cha imfa ya katundu madzi kuzirala kapena kuipitsidwa kwambiri.

Mphamvu ya dongosolo kuzirala (KAMAZ) ndi malita 25. Awa, madzi "malaya" chifukwa malita 18. M'malo madzimadzi mu zokolola woyamba wa kuda akale. Pakuti ichi m'pofunika kutsegula m'munsi Redieta valavu, kukhetsa vavu kutentha exchanger ndi mpope mu dongosolo magetsi, komanso mapaipi kupereka madzimadzi dongosolo zashuga magetsi. Musaiwale kuti unscrew thanki kuwonjezeka kapu.

Pamene madzi kwathunthu kuphatikiza, mavavu onse atsekedwa. A buku lonse la dongosolo kuzirala (KAMAZ) ladzala kudzera thanki patsogolo. Latsopano zoletsa kuwuma amusankha malingana ndi nthawi ya chaka ndi zikhalidwe galimoto opaleshoni. Sitiyenera kupusitsa tokha options inatha mu zitini wokongola. coolants zoweta ndi chimodzimodzi katundu yemweyo lolingana mfundo mayiko khalidwe.

Ankatenthetsa dongosolo yozizira

Tipeŵe dongosolo yozizira akhoza kukhala m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Pankhani ya kuipitsidwa pang'ono akhoza chizitsukidwa kumveka. Chifukwa chaichi, akale coolant chatsanulidwa, koma m'malo ndi madzi anatsanulira. injini anayamba ndi kutenthetsa pa zachabe. Kenako, madzi akatulutsidwa, ndi mkombero akubwerezedwa kangapo mpaka woyera.

Ngati nthendayo kale kwambiri, ndi bwino ntchito yapadera yomalizidwa kusamba. Pa nthawi yomweyo pali yofanana mofulumira pamene ankatenthetsa limangolembedwa anawonjezera kuti zoletsa kuwuma akale kenako merges onse. Koma ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira osamba pamene coolant akale wakhala chatsanulidwa. Tiyeneranso adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti kuyeretsa madzi "malaya" injini kuyeretsa njira angakhale osiyana. Redieta yozizira dongosolo ayenera kutsukidwa payokha kuyeretsa zosavuta. Kuti izi kukhazikika bwino 2.5% njira acid amathiridwa.

Kusamba kwa mbali ayenera kudziwa kuti akulowera cha kutsuka akhale osiyana Inde wabwinobwino wa madzi yozizira. A dongosolo zosavuta adzakhala ankatenthetsa madzi, kapena njira mankhwala opanikizika.

Kufufuza Zovuta

Coolant (KAMAZ 5320) ayenera ntchito popanda zopatuka anayendera kuti anayendera. Koma milandu zosiyana ndi vuto angagwe mwadzidzidzi. Kudziwa zofooka mu dongosolo kudzakuthandizani kudziwa vuto mofulumira ndi kulikonza ilo pa malopo.

Kupondelezedwa kwa dongosolo zikayamba zimatheka ndi kupeza kutayikira malo ndi kuwonongedwa ake zotheka. Kuchita kawirikawiri zokwanira zithunzi anayendera. Kufufuzidwa mfundo zonse mogwirizana, mpope madzi, rediyeta, zowalamulira. nozzles ankavala pa nthawi yomweyo bwino chabe m'malo. Ikudontha Redieta angathe kuthetsedwa ndi soldering kapena muting leaky machubu. chisankho m'malo Redieta anatengedwa payekha, chifukwa maintainable ndithu ndi bwino anatsuka pamene kuchotsedwa.

Kuvala kapena kulekana kwa kudziwika pagalimoto lamba ndi bwino kuthetsa m'malo. Ngati pali kukayikitsa thermostats ntchito osauka-quality, ali yabwino kuonanso Kutentha kwa thanki kunsi kwa rediyeta lapansi. Pa kutentha 85 ⁰ C, kuti, pamene vavu imodzi zimayamba kumasuka, thanki ayenera konzekera. Ngati izo sizitero, ndiye, vavu ndi olakwika ndipo ziyenera kulowa mmalo mwa imodzi ndi.

Yozizira System (Kamaz Yuro 2) sasiyana zawo kale ndipo kenako kwambiri. Mavuto omwe angagwe mu dongosolo kuzirala zofanana mu makhalidwe awo. vuto limodzi ngati - kulowa coolant mu dongosolo kondomu. Iwo akhoza kudziwa ukutsika zoletsa kuwuma popanda kufufuza wa kutayikira a. chifukwa akhoza kufooka gasket yamphamvu mutu, ndi kutayikira mwa manja chisindikizo unit. Vutolo anathana ndi kuchotsa ankavala injini gaskets.

Pomaliza

Car Care ayenera kukhala wokhazikika komanso mabuku. Palibe machitidwe ake mwina ali ndi maudindo. Pankhaniyi, chabwino kwa chidziwitso cha zofooka za galimoto makamaka. KAMAZ, dongosolo yozizira yomwe alibe vuto lililonse inu kuyenera zonse yoyendela ndi kukhala ndi kukonza zonse.