Kukula kwa chamoyo ndi chitukuko cha chamoyo. Regularities kukula ndi chitukuko cha thupi la munthu

Tanthauzo zamoyo moyo yafupika kwa kubalana a mitundu. Apa, ndondomeko kubalana kuoneka ngati pheretsa, kutsogolera ku wamkulu kuti utangoyamba. Komabe, mbali yaing'ono chabe mphamvu za thupi kuchulukitsa pafupifupi mwamsanga pamene iye anaonekera. Ichi ndi mabakiteriya losavuta kuti angathe kugwira mu mphindi 20 kuyambira chiyambi cha moyo. Wina ndi kuyamba kawetedwe, muyenera kukula ndi kukhala.

Lingaliro ambiri kukula ndi chitukuko

Choncho, zamoyo padziko lapansi ndi mmenemo. Yaikulu chiwerengero cha iwo, osati kupereka ndondomeko, kusewera kwa masiku, masabata, miyezi ndi zaka. Ambiri a kubalana safuna kupeza zinthu zatsopano, ndi zina zimene iwo analandira pambuyo maonekedwe ake. Koma ambiri a ena ofunika. Iwo basi ayenera kukula, kuti, kuwonjezera kukula ndi kukhala, ndiye kuti tipeze ntchito yatsopano.

Kakulidwe amatchedwa morphological zikuluzikulu thupi kukula. Utangoyamba amoyo ndi kukula, kuthamanga njira zawo kagayidwe kachakudya pa mlingo wokweretsa yogwira. Only ndi kuwonjezeka thupi kukula zotheka zikamera wa nyumba yatsopano kuonetsetsa kukula kwa ntchito zina. Chifukwa kukula ndi chitukuko cha chamoyo thupi - ndi njira ina, omwe ndi zotsatira za wina ndi mnzake: kutalika zipangitsa chitukuko ndi chitukuko zina kumawonjezera luso kukula.

kumvetsa Private a chitukuko

Kukula ndi chitukuko cha thupi ogwirizana ndi izo kuyendera mu kufanana ndi mzake. Poyamba, kumvetsa kuti payenera woyamba kukula, ndi maulamuliro latsopano kuonetsetsa zikamera ntchito watsopanoyo adzaphulitsa udzakhazikitsidwe danga amati ufulu mu chilengedwe mkati mwa thupi. About zaka 150 zapitazo izo ankakhulupirira kuti choyamba pali kukula, ndiye kukula, ndiye kukula kachiwiri, ndi zina zotero mu mkombelo. Lero, kumvetsa chosiyana: lingaliro la kukula ndi chitukuko ndi njira, ngati si zofanana, koma zimachitika pamodzi.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mitundu iwiri ya kukula akuima zamoyo: liniya ndi volumetric. Likutchedwa liniya kuwonjezeka m'litali mwa thupi ndi ziwalo, ndi buku - patsogolo M'mimbamo thupi. chitukuko alinso zosiyanasiyana yake. Kuonetsetsa munthu ndi mitundu chitukuko. Munthu kumaphatikizapo kudzikundikira ntchito yeniyeni ndi luso la mtundu wina wa chamoyo. A chitukuko mitundu - ndi kusintha kwa mtundu watsopano angathe Mwachitsanzo, pang'ono bwino kuti azolowere zinthu okhala, kapena kuthetsa m'dera kale bwinja.

Chiŵerengero mu zamoyo unicellular kukula ndi chitukuko

The moyo wa zamoyo zokhala ndi selo imodzi amenewa amatha maselo moyo. Mu multicellular nyengo imeneyi yaitali, ndipo chifukwa iwo akupanga mwachangu. Koma unicellular (tizilombo protists) zolengedwa kwambiri oyaka. Iwo zikukangalika mutating ndipo akhoza kusinthitsa zinthu majini ndi tizilombo ta mtundu osiyana. Chifukwa njira ya chitukuko (pa nkhani ya nzeru majini) sikutanthauza kukula kukula kwa khungu bakiteriya, mwachitsanzo kukula.

Komabe, mwamsanga pamene selo amalandira zatsopano chibadwa mwa nzeru plasmids, mapuloteni kaphatikizidwe chofunika. Chibadwa ali zambiri pa dongosolo lake lalikulu. zinthu zimenezi ndi umboni wakuti chibadwa, monga mapuloteni latsopano umaonetsera ntchito yatsopano. Ngati ntchito amatsogolera chinawonjezeka umoyo, zimenezi majini ndi chinaonekeranso mwa m'mibadwo yanu. Ngati palibe mtengo kapena sumabala koyipa, maselo akuphedwa ndi zinthu ngati zimenezi, chifukwa zochepa yotheka kuposa ena.

Tanthauzo zamoyo kukula anthu

Aliyense multicellular chamoyo ndi yotheka kuposa unicellular. Komanso ali mbali kwambiri kuposa selo lakutali. Chifukwa kukula thupi ndi chitukuko cha thupi - ndi mfundo za multicellular ambiri pokha. Koma kupeza maonekedwe Mbali yeniyeni kumafuna ena dongosolo, kukula ndi njira kakulidwe ali oyenera ndi pazipita mwagwirizana "injini" mzake.

mfundo zonse za mphamvu, kumene kuli kotheka chitukuko, kuwonjezekeredwa mu matupi athu ndi. Mukachipinda zolengedwa multicellular ali yemweyo majini akonzedwa. Mu magawo oyambirira kukula ndi chitukuko cha khungu limodzi ukugawa mobwerezabwereza. Motero, pali kukula, mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kukula wofunikila chitukuko (zikamera ntchito yatsopano).

Kukula ndi chitukuko cha makalasi multicellular osiyana

Pamene thupi amabwera mu umunthu, kukula ndi njira kakulidwe ndi moyenera ndi mzake kuti nthawi zina. Iye adayitana amangidwe kukula liniya. Miyeso thupi kuwonjezekeredwa m'nkhaniyo chibadwa, monga khungu, ndi zina zotero. Ichi ndi chitsanzo cha malamulo polygenic cholowa amene akadali bwino anamvetsa. Komabe, Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa yachibadwa chotero kuti kukula kwa thupi mpaka kalekale.

Komabe, izi makamaka mmene nyama, mbalame, achule ndi ena zokwawa. Mwachitsanzo, Ng'ona kukula kwa moyo wake wonse, ndipo ake kukula thupi malire moyo ndi ngozi zina kuti mwina akudikira iye yake. Zomera kuchita kukula moyo zonse, ngakhale, ndithudi, ndi mitundu yotukuka imene luso limeneli kumlingo imathetsa.

Features kukula ndi chitukuko mu dongosolo kwachilengedwenso

kukula chamoyo ndi chitukuko cha chamoyo amalandira kuthetsa mavuto angapo omwe zokhudzana ndi katundu wofunika kwambiri wa zinthu zamoyo. Poyamba, njira ndi zofunika kwa kukhazikitsa zinthu cholowa: zamoyo mwana amabadwa, kukula, kukhala osabereka ntchito pa moyo. Kenako kubereka, ndi kubalana mkombero akubwerezedwa.

Tanthauzo yachiwiri kukula ndi chitukuko - izi ndi kulamulira madera atsopano. Ziribe kanthu momwe zosasangalatsa zinali kwakuti, koma mwa chilengedwe mtundu uliwonse pagona chizolowezi thambo mwachitsanzo kumayenda mwa ambiri m'madera ndi mabacteria. Izi amalenga mpikisano, ndilo injini ya chitukuko cha mitundu. Thupi la munthu nthawi zonse kupikisana gawo malo awo, ngakhale sali choncho noticeable. Kwenikweni, ali kulimbana ndi zilema chilengedwe cha thupi lake, ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zazing'ono.

ndizosowa kukula

Lingaliro la "kukula kwa thupi" ndi "chitukuko cha chamoyo" tinganene kuti mwakuya kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kukula - si kuwonjezeka mu kukula, koma chulutsa chiwerengero cha maselo. Bungwe la multicellular chamoyo zizindikiro kuchuluka kwa zigawo pulayimale. Ndipo mu zamoyo mayunitsi pulayimale ndi maselo amoyo. Ngakhale mavairasi si maselo, koma amaona moyo, lingaliro ili ayenera ndemangayi.

Ngakhale zili choncho, selo akadali - zazing'ono machitidwe onse moyenera ndi moyo ndi ntchito. Kuwonjezeka kukula selo ndi nyumba nadkletochnyh, komanso kuchuluka kwawo ndi maziko kukula. Zimenezi zikugwira onse mzere ndi kukula voliyumu. chitukuko chimadaliranso chiwerengero cha iwo, chifukwa maselo kwambiri, wamkulu kukula kwa thupi, choncho gawo lalikulu lalikulu la thupi anthu.

Tanthauzo chikhalidwe cha kukula anthu

Ngati tikambirana kukula ndi chitukuko cha njira yokha chitsanzo anthu, ukuoneka ena paradoxical. Growth n'kofunika, chifukwa kukula kwa kubalana anthu ndicho galimoto china. Umunthu, mwathupi mwana, nthawi zambiri amalephera kupereka yotheka mbewu. Ndipo ili ndi tanthauzo zabwino kwa zinthu, ngakhale, monga zoona, iwo anazindikira zoipa ndi anthu.

Ndi kuli anthu - izi ndi chododometsa, chifukwa kutetezedwa naye munthu ngakhale mwakuthupi chimanga chosakhwima chifukwa luso enviable laluntha kapena zochita zina amatha kukwatira ndi kubereka. Inde, Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa yachibadwa sasintha mfundo zake pa anthu opanda matenda, koma zochepa thupi anayamba kuposa ena. Koma n'zoonekeratu kuti kukula kwa thupi - ndi lalikulu chibadwa. Akayamba ang'onoang'ono, kotero zosakwana umunthu ena amatha kusintha kuti agwirizane ndi mmene chilengedwe.

chitukuko anthu mmadera

Ngakhale munthu ndinazolowera moyo kwa iwo okha, izo akadali anakumana ndi zinthu chowawa. Kupulumuka mwa iwo - ndi funso la anatengera. Koma apa pali wina kwachilengedwenso chododometsa: munthu lero umapulumuka anthu a. Ndi yense wa anthu, umene equalizes mwayi wa kupulumuka ku zinthu zina.

Palinso ntchito ndi achibadwidwe zamoyo kuteteza mitundu, chifukwa mu zochitika kwambiri mwakhanza, anthu ochepa okha amasamala za iye mwini. Chifukwa nthawi n'kopindulitsa kuti tikhale anthu, ndiye chitukuko cha thupi la munthu sangakhale popanda izo. Munthu ngakhale anayamba chinenero kulankhulana pa anthu, choncho mmodzi wa magawo a chitukuko cha munthu ndi mtundu kuliphunzira.

Chibadwire, munthu sangathe kunena izo zikungopangitsa phokoso, kusonyeza mantha ndi mkwiyo. Kenako, chitukuko ndi malo chilengedwe m'cinenelo Amasintha, iye anati mawu poyamba, ndiyeno amalowa zonse mawu kukhudzana ndi ena. Izi ndi nthawi yofunika kwambiri ya chitukuko, chifukwa popanda anthu ndi opanda anatengera kwa kukhalamo munthu wamng'ono yosayenera kwa moyo mu zochitika.

Nthawi chitukuko cha thupi la munthu

Chamoyo chilichonse, makamaka multicellular, chiwerengero cha magawo mu chitukuko. Iwo akhoza tione chitsanzo cha munthu. Kuyambira nthawi yomwe mayi ndi mapangidwe zygote ndi chitadutsa magawo a embryogenesis ndi fetogeneza. Ntchito yonse kukula ndi chitukuko ya zygote zokhala ndi selo imodzi thupi amatenga miyezi 9. Atabadwa gawo loyamba la chamoyo akuyamba moyo kunja m'mimba. Njirayi imatchedwa nthawi neonatal, amene kumatenga masiku 10. Pafupi izo - pachifuwa zaka (kwa masiku 10 kuti miyezi 12).

Pambuyo khanda akuyamba oyambirira mwana, amene amatenga zaka 3, kwa zaka 4 mpaka 7 umayamba nthawi ana aang'ono. Kuyambira zaka 8 mpaka 12 anyamata ndi atsikana zaka 11 mu mochedwa (wachiwiri) mwana. Ndipo kwa zaka 11 mpaka 15 kuti asungwana ndi zaka 12 anyamata ndi 16 amathamanga pa unyamata wake. Anyamata kukhala anyamata kwa zaka 17 ndipo kwa zaka 21, ndipo atsikana - kuchokera zaka 16 mpaka 20. Izi ndi nthawi imene ana okula.

Unyamata ndi akula

Mwa njira, kuyambira unyamata otchedwa olandira ana cholakwika. Iwo ali anyamata ndani, 22 zaka 35 mukuvutika woyamba okhwima zaka. Chachiwiri amuna okhwima kuyambira pa 35 mpaka pa zaka 60, ndipo kwa akazi zaka 35 55. Ndipo ndi zaka 60 '74 akuyamba zaka achikulire. Age Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa kuwulula kwambiri akuganizira kusintha zinkachitika mu thupi laumunthu mu moyo, koma matenda ndi makhalidwe a moyo wa anthu achikulire chinkhoswe mu geriatrics.

Ngakhale chochitika zachipatala, imfa, wapamwamba mu nthawi ino. Pamene kukula kwa munthu kutsazikana ndi amamuchititsa involution, mavuto akuchuluka. Koma chitukuko, ndiye kupeza ntchito yatsopano, pafupifupi sasiya, pamene ankaona mu ndege maganizo. Kumbali ya Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa chitukuko, ndithudi, komanso amamuchititsa involution. Izo kufika pazipita mu nthawi mu zaka 75 mpaka 90 (yakale), ndipo akupitiriza yaitali, moyo ndalilaka zaka chotchinga cha zaka 90.

Features kukula ndi chitukuko nthawi moyo

Age Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa amasonyeza makhalidwe nthawi zosiyana za chitukuko moyo ndi kukula. COMPASS njira amuzolengedwa ndi njira yofunika ya ukalamba. Mwatsoka, palibe njira bwino kulimbikitsa kukalamba, kotero komabe anthu kufa chifukwa anapeza pa moyo kuwonongeka. Kukula kwa thupi umatha pambuyo pa zaka 30 ndipo, malinga zamaganizo ambiri, kale zaka 25. Pa nthawi yomweyo anaima kukula kuti akhoza kachiwiri kuyamba kugwira ntchito mwakhama yatha. Mu nthawi zosiyana za chitukuko kuyesetsa nokha, chifukwa ndi zothandiza kwambiri zamoyo zinachita limagwirira. Ndipotu, ngakhale amphamvu majini zizoloŵezi sangathe akuyendera popanda kuphunzitsidwa.