Ku Egypt nthano: zizindikiro milungu, nthano

Ancient Egypt, ngakhale zonse, akhala m'modzi wa chitukuko kwambiri mwachinsinsi. Ilo likadali amatchedwa "mphatso za Nile" ndipo ankaona malo mapiramidi ndi masinfikisi, atathana maso ake mu michenga lalikulu. The akale ndi amakono a boma zapiringizana pamodzi ulusi a zochitika m'mbiri ndi nkhani zodabwitsa. Ancient nthano - kwenikweni mphatso ya mtengo wapatali chimene chimathandiza olemba mbiri amakono kumasulira zinsinsi zambiri zakale za dziko lino. Kuti iwo adagoneka raison d'être ya Aigupto akale ndi anzake awo chilengedwe.

NKHANI nthano Igupto

Ngakhale popanda wolemba mbiri, munthu aliyense akudziwa kuti nthano za aliyense chitukuko wakale zachokera view dziko la anthu makamaka. Ancient Egypt nthano nazo zinthu zodabwitsa zimene unazunguliridwa mu zophiphiritsa angapo kubisala zochitika wamba. Sangawazindikire kudzera kuzizira maganizo sizingatheke. Izi zimafunika tione nthanthi pa zimene zimapangitsa chingwe mawu. ndi mbali yaikulu ya nkhani izi zakale chiyani? Ku Egypt nthano ndi koposa zonse, munthu wotchedwa si kutsutsa zimene zikuchitika masiku, osati kuchita zimene tsopano amangoti dzina tsoka, chifukwa zonse ngakhale "dongosolo wanzeru" adzaukira anthu.

Ngwazi za zikhulupiliro of Ancient Egypt

Zikhulupiliro woyamba ku Iguputo zinalembedwa, yeniyeni, anati ngakhale pamaso pomanga mapiramidi wotchuka. Makalatawa nkhani ya kulengedwa kwa zamoyo zonse padziko lapansi. Komanso, wakale nthano Aigupto lili ndi nkhani za kulimbana kwa mphamvu ya milungu. Mosiyana ndi amitundu ambiri Eastern, Aigupto sanali monga zikhulupiliro za anthu wamba, kotero otchulidwa yaikulu nthawizonse zakhala milungu yambiri. Ena Aiguputo akulemekezedwa ndi okondedwa, pamene ena ankaopa kapena adawopa poyera. Pa nthawi yomweyo, anthu a ku Egypt kale ankaona kuyandikira mfundo yaumulungu, chifukwa, malinga ndi nthano chomwecho, milungu kalelo ankakhala pakati pa anthu, ndi obadwa awo anakhala mafumu, ndi kusamalira anthu ake.

Milungu ndi milungu, sasonyeza anthu wamba mthandizi

Zimene ndi amene adalemba nthano Iguputo? Gods - ndi zilembo zazikulu za ntchito zotero a mitundu ina ambiri. Ndipo Aigupto wakale yotero. Monga tanena, milungu yonse ya Aigupto unagawidwa zabwino ndi zoipa. Ngati sanathe "kukambirana" ndi thandizo la nsembe, yotsirizira sankadziwa chifundo ndi kuti chiphwanye mkwiyo wake pokhapokha iwo kubweretsa nsembe yaikulu kwambiri anthu. Ndi nthawi kukumbukira anthu onse apamwamba amene anatchulidwa konse akale nthano Iguputo.

milungu Supreme mu Igupto anali ochepa chabe, ankadalira makamaka m'madera a boma. Aiguputo konsekonse akulemekezedwa ndi kulemekezedwa ndi Ra, mulungu dzuwa, ndi Afarao ankatengedwa ana ake. Pa Thebes (Upper Egypt), izo ankaona kuti Amon-Ra - mulungu wa mphepo ndi dzuwa, pamene wotsika Egypt mopitirira Atum - mulungu wa kolowera dzuwa. Mu Heliopolis ili wotsika Egypt, mulungu wamkulu anamuzindikira Geb, mulungu wa dziko lapansi, ndi Memphis - Ptah. Kuti tsopano zosiyanasiyana. Tikumbukenso kuti nthano zakale za ku Iguputo, mulungu wa dzuwa sanali yekha. Masiku amenewo, Aigupto kutamandidwa osati nyenyezi, komanso gawo linakhalapo padziko lapansi: m'mawa ndi madzulo dzuwa. Komanso, monga chiyambi osiyana Mulungu Dzuŵa litayamba chinaoneka mulungu Aton.

Kuwonjezera zolengedwa pamwamba anafotokoza, nthano za milungu ku Egypt otchulidwa ndi ena, mabungwe n'kofunika ndi otchuka. HIV mbali iyi a Amat (mulungu wa chilango cha machimo), Apis (woyang'anira wobereketsa ndi nyonga), komanso phiri (mulungu wa mbandakucha kapena dzuwa likutuluka). Komanso, nthawi zambiri pa mbali zabwino mwa nthano otchulidwa Anubis, Isisi Osirisi ndi Ptah. Wankhanza, choncho sakondedwa Supreme Kukhala mu Egypt ankatengedwa zotsatirazi: Sebek - mulungu nyanja ndi mitsinje, pofuna kusangalatsa anthu amene zikanatheka pokha pokha anamubweretsera anthu ambiri, Seti - Mbuye wa mphepo ndi chipululu, Sekhmet - mulungu wa nkhondo, wankhanza ndi wopanda chifundo kwa anthu onse.

Chochititsa chidwi ndi akale nthano Aigupto za chilengedwe cha anthu a kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi, kuti mu dziko. The malo osiyana Iguputo udindo waukulu anauzidwa kuti mulungu umodzi, pamene ena akhala naye kapena ogwira kapena mukamalimbana ndi akufuna. Panali mfundo imodzi yokha ya mgwirizano wa malangizo awa kosmogonisticheskih - mulungu Nun, kufanizira ndi Primal Chisokonezo.

Nthano za chilengedwe cha dziko malinga Heliopolis

Chiwerengero cha mzindawo Mwiguputo wa Heliopolis ndi malo ake amakhulupirira chakuti chilengedwe cha dziko, kapena kani, za zinthu zonse padziko lapansi, unachitikira kuyamika Atum. Maganizo awo, ndi mulungu anali cholengedwa choyamba chimene chinagwera mu kuya kwa Nun - zolamulidwa, ozizira ndi mdima mankhwala. Osati kupeza malo olimba imene akhoza kuyesa kulenga kuwala ndi kutentha, Atum analenga Ben-Ben - phiri moyang'anizana ndi nyanja pakati pa lopanda moyo ozizira.

Patapita mukukayikira zimene kulenga zambiri, Mulungu adaganiza zolenga Shu (mulungu wa mphepo), zomwe zingadzetse kayendedwe ka pamwamba pa nyanja, ndi Tefnut (dziko kuti mulungu), yokonzedwa kuonetsetsa kuti Shu si anawononga kuti adzakhala analengedwa. Noone anaona chozizwitsa, Shu ndi Tefnut anapereka moyo ndi awiri. Kuyambira mu dziko latsopano panali kuwala milungu choyamba chinatha mwadzidzidzi. Atum anatumizidwa pofuna Diso lake, umene posachedwapa anatsogolera ana ake agogo a. Joy Atum misozi ankasiya padziko lapansi olimba ndipo inasanduka anthu.

Shu ndi Tefnut, azungu anabereka Geb ndi Mtedza, amene anayamba moyo monga mwamuna ndi mkazi. Posakhalitsa, thambo wamkazi Mtedza anabereka Osirisi, Seti ndi Horus, Isisi ndi Nephthys. banja onse a Mulungu, monga nthano imeneyi, ndi lalikulu milungu inayi ya Iguputo. Koma izi si Baibulo lokhalo la dongosolo la maonekedwe a anthu apamwamba, choncho mphamvu zawo. Ku Egypt nthano muli nkhani zochepa kwambiri pa nkhani imeneyi.

Chilengedwere dziko lapansi: Memphis cosmogony

Malinga ndi buku la chilengedwe anafotokoza mu mipukutu zimene anazipeza Memphis, mulungu loyamba limene linabuka mu kuya kwa Nun, zinali Ptah, ndilo dziko olimba. Khama iye anawatulutsa m'dziko la palokha ndipo thupi adapindulapo. Ptah waganiza kulenga mthandizi woona wa nkhani yofanana imene anatuluka, yomwe pansi. Woyamba anabadwa Atum, amene kulengedwanso zofuna za bambo ake ndi mdima wa Nuni kwambiri milungu inayi ya Iguputo. Ptah akanangokhoza angawapatse nzeru ndi mphamvu.

Theban Baibulo za chiyambi cha dziko

Mu Thebes mbiri za chiyambi cha dziko ndi yosiyana ndi anthu anatsatira m'madera ena ku Egypt. Woyamba ndi zofunika kwambiri kusiyana - chiwerengero cha milungu: m'Mabaibulo ena anali Great Naini, ndi Theban akusonyeza pamaso pa atatu a Wamphamvuyonse: Mina - mulungu wobereketsa Amon - mulungu wa dzuwa ndipo nkhondo mulungu Montu. Mlengi wa dziko ankaona Min. Chinachake kenako, Min ndi Amon kale monga mulungu, kufanizira dzuwa, amene amapereka kuwala, kutentha ndi kukolola wolemera.

Germopolskaya cosmogony za chiyambi cha dziko

Ochuluka kuposa ku Egypt gulu la "pachiyambi" milungu analipo mu Baibulo m'nthano ya chilengedwe cha dziko, opezeka Hermopolis. Mu kuya kwa Great Chisokonezo (Nun) kunalamulidwa ndi mphamvu amalandira chiwonongeko, wopangidwa mwa magulu atatu a milungu ndi Nisa Niaut kufanizira wachabechabe Tenema ndi Tenomuit kutanthauza mofulumira mu mdima, komanso Gereh ndi Gerecht - milungu ya usiku ndi mdima. Iwo anakumana awiriawiri anayi milungu anapatsidwa mphamvu moyenera: Nha ndi Hauhet (osawerengeka milungu), Msana ndi Naunet (milungu madzi), Cook ndi Kauket (milungu mdima), Amon ndi amunet (milungu zosaoneka). Akutchedwa Great Eyiti. Kusambira kwa nthawi yaitali m'nyanja, Adalenga dzira ndi kuchiika malo okhawo pa madzi - Moto Hill. Patapita nthawi mwa izo aswa achinyamata Ra, amene anapatsidwa dzina la Khepera. Choncho milungu anakhala zisanu ndi zinayi, ndipo iwo anakhoza kuchita kulengedwa kwa anthu.

Moyo pambuyo pa imfa mu nthano za Aiguputo

Osati chilengedwe cha dziko la nthano la Egypt anali odzipereka. Chikhulupiriro chakuti analakika mu dziko, ankaganiza kuti kuli moyo pambuyo pa imfa. Nthano Igupto, moyo wina pambuyo unali waukulu kwambiri mtsinje, pakati pa magombe a omwe scurrying maboti. Mizimu ya anthu akufa, monga nthano, pambuyo kutha kwa thupi kunapezeka kuti mu ngalawa ndi ulendo wautali pakati pa maiko a pa amoyo ndi akufa. Only anafika kutsidya lina, moyo amachedwa kukhadzikika. Bwino ulendo zaperekedwa milungu: Anubis anachititsa kuteteza thupi pamaso m'manda ndi pambuyo Selket kulondera akufa, Socar kulondera zipata za pansi pa nthaka limodzi Upuat moyo pa ulendo kwa Akufa Mtsinje.

kufunika Wamkulu komanso ankaimba kusunga matupi akufa, amene anali mummified, pokhalabe ndi ziwalo m'zotengera osiyana. Malinga ndi nthano, munthu akanakhoza kukhala obadwanso ngati miyambo zimagwiridwa chimodzimodzi monga momwe lamulo lalikulu anzeru.

kulimbana pakati pa zabwino ndi zoipa nthano Mwiguputo

Wathunso nthano zakale za ku Iguputo ndi nkhani monga kulimbana kwa chabwino ndi choipa. Chibwenzi, lotembenuzidwa nkhani zambiri za mmene milungu Aigupto kumenyana ndi anthu oipa Mulungu, amene nthawi zambiri mu mawonekedwe a ng'ona ndi mvuu. The womenya chachikulu ndi iwo anali, kumene, mulungu wawo wa dzuwa, ndi kudzathandiza pamwamba mu kukonzanso kuti anali milungu choyambirira - Shu, Montu, nsawawa ndi ena. Malingana ndi nthano, Ra nkhondo yolimbana ndi zoipa zimene zikuchitika tsiku lililonse, osati mu dziko la amoyo, komanso mu ufumu wa akufa.