Kodi mtsinje? Gawo la mtsinje ndi matanthauzo awo

Mtsinje - mtundu wa malo a dziko; achilengedwe okhazikika njira wodzazidwa ndi madzi, umene umayenda mu malangizo a kuchepetsa kutalika kwake chifukwa yokoka. dongosolo mu mtsinje ndi kudzadza ndi mitsinje mobisa, mvula, mafunde, ndipo limatsogolera wa chisanu (chisanu ndi ayezi pamene madzi kugwa pansi). utuluke madzi kukhala okhazikika ndi osakhalitsa otaya, mukhoza youma nyengo.

Constituent mbali ya mtsinje :

• gwero;
• pakamwa;
• mtsinje chigwa;
• madzi kumveka;
• bwalo;
• makhwawa a mtsinje.

gwero

Malo moyo wa mtsinje uliwonse umayamba amatchedwa gwero. Pa mapu m'dera akufotokozedwa ngati dontho laling'ono. Malowa atha kutumikira ngati malo a madzi mobisa, amene wapeza njira pamwamba, kapena gwero - nyanja, dambo. Ndi Nthawi zambiri gwero akhale gawo limene mitsinje awiri, kupanga osiyana, ulusi latsopano.

Mitsinje yonse ndi malangizo awo akulowera. Mbali ya mtsinje (dongosolo mtsinje) - zonse mode chapadera potengera makhalidwe a gwero. Ndipotu, iye ali ndi chikoka zofunika pa onse a m'dera otaya. Nthawi zambiri, gawo ili la anasefukira pa kusefukira kwa madzi ndi madzi osefukira, kotero kukhala gwero la munthu wina madzi ayenera kukhala tcheru ndi osamala.

pakamwa

Mtsinje umayenda kupita ku malo wotchedwa pakamwa. Ichi ndi malo mtsinje kumathera zochitika zawo, mwa kulankhula kwina, zitheke gawo. Mtsinje kwenikweni igwera mu china madzi: izo zikhoza kukhala nyanja, nyanja, nyanja, mosungiramo kapena zina mtsinje zikuluzikulu.

Mkamwa madzi ikuluikulu ndi nthambi zikuluzikulu zimene zimadalira kuchuluka kwa utuluke madzi ndi mphamvu. Mbali imeneyi imatchedwa ankadziwana thupi la madzi ngati mtsinje. Mtsinje gawo la funso, makamaka chofunika kwambiri malonda. Ndi mu ankadziwana ndi yabwino kwambiri kuti amange madoko, ndi dziko pankhani zimenezi makamaka chonde.

Baibulo lina la lonse m'kamwa mwa mtsinje wotchedwa estuary. Mapangidwe pakamwa amenewa ndi chifukwa chitayiko ndithu ndi osaya nyanja, mu mtsinje amadzimadzi umayenda. Kuchititsa yambiri mchenga ndi zolimba mtsinje, pogona pansi wokutidwa m'kamwa mwa madera zikuluzikulu za madzi.

Kusiyana pakati pa ankadziwana ndi estuary chakuti ankadziwana wapangidwa mitsinje angapo ang'onoang'ono, ndi mitsinje - ichi mtsinje lonse.

chigwa

Mtsinje chigwa otchedwa elongated ndi kotenga matendawa, m'mphepete mwa mtsinjewo ikuyenda. Amakhala ndi zigawo izi: njira, floodplain, bwalo ndi gombe mbadwa.

Malinga mitundu ya chithandizo, kumene utuluke mtsinje wa mtsinje, ndicho chigwa kungakhale ubweya wambiri ndipo m'zigwa. A chimake choyamba ambiri ali akuya waukulu ndi m'lifupi mwachilungamo yopapatiza, ndipo chachiwiri, anyamata, yodziwika ndi akuya ang'ono ndi m'lifupi lalikulu.

Mtsinje Valley mwina ndi mawonekedwe osiyana, amene mapangidwe kumatengera zifukwa zingapo: kungakhale mpumulo zizindikiro kukokoloka kapena zikuchokera miyala. Potuluka mfundozi kusiyanitsa mitundu zotsatirazi: chigwa itsekeke pang'ono gorge neri Al.

bedi

Zikuluzikulu - ndi kukulitsa, imene madzi umayenda mosalekeza. Pamatenga yosiyanasiyana, kotero kuti mtsinje meanders. Mbali mtsinje (kukhala enieni kwambiri, njira) zingasiyane kwambiri mu njira yake. zokhotakhota awa akutchedwa meanders. Komanso, njira akhoza kusintha kuya kwake - malire zakuya za madera amatchedwa (pazipita kuya - njira ya mtsinje), kakang'ono - kugawanika kotereku kumachitika. Pamene madzi kudulidwa zikuchepa ndi kugwa kuchokera kumwamba, malo otchedwa mathithi.

floodplain

Floodplain - gawo la kuchigwa, lomwe pa vutoli wodzazidwa ndi madzi. M'mbali mwa floodplain zosavuta kuzindikira - kawirikawiri ndi otsetsereka phompho.

Bwalo ndi banki original

The otsetsereka a m'zigwa akhoza kukhala zimachititsa chilumbachi analowa. magawo awa akutchedwa masitepe. Iwo akhoza kukhala accumulative, kukokololoka kwa nthaka ndi mitundu pansi chiyambi.

Muzu Beach - malire watercourse. Kusiyanitsa lamanja ndi lamanzere gombe la mtsinje.

Inflows

Makhwawa - ndi mitsinje ang'onoang'ono omwe amatuluka mu otaya zikuluzikulu. Koma nthawi zina pali kuchotserapo: ang'onoang'ono imatengedwa waukulu ndi tributary - mtsinje waukulu. Mbali ya mtsinje (utuluke), yomwe ikuyenda mu akulowera ya kumanja, anatchula makhwawa lamanja, motsogozedwa kumanzere - kumanzere.

Mtsinje waukulu, ndi zigawo zake zonse ndi makhwawa zake zonse amatchedwa dongosolo mtsinje. Ambiri akuchuluka mu madzi dera dongosolo akuti ndi malo ake, ndipo iye anali amene amapatsa dzina dongosolo lonse mtsinje. Kawirikawiri mayina nawo Hydrology (akatswiri odziwa kapangidwe ka matupi madzi).

Lililonse mtsinje ali mbali yake ndi makhalidwe:

• watercourse kutalika - ndi kutalika kwa mtsinje kuchokera unachokera kuti m'kamwa mwake;
• catchment m'dera - chiwerengero cha madzi onse, pamodzi ndi makhwawa wake;
• pachaka otaya madzi - kuchuluka kwa madzi oyenda pa chaka;
• mtsinje maukonde kachulukidwe - chiwerengero cha makhwawa mtsinje;
• adzagwa ndi pamalo otsetsereka a mtsinje.

Gawo la mtsinje ndi matanthauzo awo naperekanso m'nkhani; kumbukirani mayina ndi chomwe iwo ali, izo sizidzakhala zovuta, ndipo zidzakhala zothandiza aliyense.