N'ngopatsirana zomera: zitsanzo, zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana

Zomera okonda amakayikira kumwetulira pamene kumvetsera nthano za usiku wa Ivan Kupala. Kodi ndingapeze ndi fern maluwa? Ndi ndani, ambiri ndinakumana ndi? Kodi ndingapeze chinachake chimene kulibe zachilengedwe?

Ambiri chikhalidwe okonda agawanika pa zomera maluwa ndi mitundu cryptogamic. Cryptogamic otchedwa spore zomera zitsanzo za zomwe m'nkhani lero.

N'ngopatsirana zomera: choyamba kumayambiriro

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kufotokoza mwachidule ankadziwa. Mawu "Mkangano" anabwera kwa ife kuchokera Chigiriki. Kumasulira amatanthauza "mbewu" kapena "mbewu." Ndi mapangidwe ochepa amene kukula - 1 micron.

Anapanga zomera spore kwa nthawi yaitali. Ndipotu, - mbadwa mwachindunji zomera, amene anatuluka nyanja ku dziko. Ndi zomera spore zobala si fern. Asayansi anawagawa m'magulu awiri: chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi. Mu gulu loyamba - Mumapezekanso, kalabu ndere, horsetails ndi Moss. Lachiwiri - algae ndi lichens.

Kayendedwe ka moyo wa zomera spore

Ngati ife kulankhula za zinthu zapamwamba spore, ali ndi chidwi kwambiri moyo mkombero. Apa mutha kuona kusinthana kwa anthu kugonana ndi asexual a mitundu. Choncho, kubereka, malingana ndi mitundu, ndi kugonana kapena asexually. The lonse moyo mkombero ndi mosalekeza. Chomera ndipamene gametophyte (kugonana kubalana limba) ndi sporophyte (chiwalo cha asexual kubalana).

Evolution walola kukhala mitundu ya zomera mbali ziwiri. Tinalandira magulu awiri yotakata: haploid ndi diploid. Pofotokoza zomera spore zitsanzo za amene ali haploid gulu - ndere, asayansi asonyeza kuti ndi zambiri otukuka gametophyte kugonana. Haploid sporophyte mu gulu ali ndi udindo wamng'ono. Diploid zamoyo spore malangizo (horsetail ndi Mumapezekanso) ali sporophyte kwambiri anayamba ndi gametophyte monga prothallia.

m'badwo kugonana nthawi zonse antheridia ndi archegonium. Ndi mwamuna ndi ziwalo wamkazi. Male umuna motility, wamkazi khungu ndi malo amodzi. Amene angafikire cholinga kuti umuna, umuna uyenera kulowa malo m'madzi. The umuna mitundu dzira Ndisanaumbidwe imene germinates m'badwo asexual, i.e. sporophyte. Siteji yotsatira kuswana kudzachitika spores kuti amatswa sporangia.

mbali

Osati aliyense amadziwa kusiyanitsa zomera spore. Zitsanzo maganizo pa nkhani imeneyi ingaoneke monga izi:

1. zomera n'ngopatsirana sali mu pachimake. mtundu si biologically angathe maluwa.
2. Ndi wapadera moyo mkombero. Kugonana ndi asexual kubalana.
3. Ndikosatheka umuna kugonana, popanda pamaso pa madzi.

Ngati zochitika zitatu chibadidwe kwa mbewu nkhawa, ndi mtundu wa spore.

N'ngopatsirana zomera: Mumapezekanso

Ndi zovuta kupeza munthu amene sanaonepo fern. zomera wakale ntchito yokongola ya m'mapaki ndi minda. Mumapezekanso potted mwakula miphika, ndi nkhalango amayenda okonda nthawi zambiri anawona zobiriwira ndi wobiriwira fern m'nkhalango.

Mumapezekanso onse olamuliridwa pinnatisected masamba pawiri. Izi n'ngopatsirana zomera (Mumapezekanso) ndi sporangia kwambiri zabwino. Malo a matupi awa - pa underside wa masamba.

Kuti mudziwe kuwonjezera kuti Mumapezekanso mu chikhalidwe kuposa zikwi khumi. yosiyanasiyana ili yonse amaphatikiza genera 300.

Kapangidwe ka zomera spore ndi chitsanzo cha ndere

Ndere akhoza zimachitika kwa mitundu yambiri wosazindikira zomera apamwamba. Onse kufala Moss banja - ali wamfupi popanda oimira nsalu conductive. Kudulidwa mu tsinde ndi masamba mu ndere makonzedwe. Izi chodabwitsa n'ngopatsirana zomera - zitsanzo za luso atengere zikhalidwe za chilengedwe.

Choncho, thupi Moss salembedwa ogaŵikana tsinde, masamba ndi mizu. Inde, mizu ya zomera m'malo mwa outgrowths filamentous - rhizoids. kusiyana yaikulu mizu lenileni la - kusapezeka kwa nsalu conductive. Aliyense Moss rhizoid - chimodzi kapena zingapo maselo amoyo.

Ndere kumverera bwino mu malo m'madambo, mu mthunzi kapena monga achinyezi. Ndere mwachangu asanduke nthunzi chinyezi, koma amapanga imfa ya mbewu padziko lonse. Ngakhale kuti zomera spore zimafuna madzi kawetedwe ena mitundu ndere amatha kudikira kunja nthawi ya chilala, iwo ngakhale ndinazolowera kupulumuka pa malo miyala. Monga izo zimachitika, si bwino.

kugonana - ndi Moss m'badwo lalikulu. Sporophyte amadalira pa gametophyte lapansi.

Kusamvana mwina kupangidwa pa masamba monga fern, monga masamba okha ali m'malo ochiritsira. Pakuti zolinga zimenezi, ndere ndinazolowera spore kapisozi, ataliatali pa gametophyte pogonana pa mwendo-yo.

Nkhani ina ndere ankaona kuti n'zotheka kafalitsidwe vegetative. ndondomeko amatenda impso ndi tinatake tozungulira. Ngati mbali vegetative anasiyanitsidwa ndi mbewu yaikulu, akufotokozera mu wodziimira payekha.

A pang'ono za mitundu m'munsi

Ife sitikhala atchule zomera zonse m'munsi spore. Zitsanzo za zimene zimandisangalatsa kufotokoza - algae. zomera si ochuluka kwambiri ngati Mumapezekanso ndi lichens, wa pang'ono mitundu yoposa zana. Malo amene zomera - madzi. Ndere mulibe masamba ndi mizu. Amagwira pansi kapena miyala mandala mbedza. Ndere agawanika pa m'madipatimenti 11, 4 amene munthu kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wawo.