Makalasi Basic ndi mtundu wa Moss: Kufanana ndi kusiyana

Imodzi mwa anthu akale a dziko lathuli ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ndere ndi lichens kuti kuphimba mbali zazikulu. zomera ndi ogwirizana ndi zimakhalira pachibale ndi algae, koma pali kusiyana kwambiri pakati pawo.

Ndere kudalirana akuimira bowa ndi ndere. Pakati bowa ulusi kukula algae. Chotero dongosolo ndere thupi chimathandiza chomera kuyamwa chinyontho mwa filaments mafangasi ndi mchere ndondomeko kusungunuka m'menemo mu chinthu organic ndi algae wobiriwira. Poyerekeza ndi Moss, lichens kwambiri undemanding koma ndi osakwanira chinyezi kufota ndi kufa, pakalibe kuwala.

Ndere muyenera mthunzi ndi madzi amene mawere ake kuchokera mu nthaka ndi mchira CHIKWANGWANI wapadera - rhizoids, amene zinthu ngati mizu. mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Moss ndi dongosolo losiyana, koma iwo onse kubereka spores. Madzi ndi mbali yaikulu mu kubalana monga ndi thandizo la amuna mikangano kuwafika zygote wamkazi ndi manyowa.

Mitundu yonse ya ndere kubereka pa siteji wapakatikati - mapangidwe zomera asexual - protofitom sangathe kubereka, amene kukula kapisozi ndi spores. Chifukwa cha meiosis ndi mawonekedwe spores kumera purotoni - dongosolo ulusi umene kenako n'kukhala chomera wamkazi kapena wamwamuna - gametophyte. Choncho, pali kusinthana kwa m'badwo kugonana asexual.

Kufalitsa Moss zomera conventionally magulu 3:

1. Antotserotovye. Ndere mu kalasi pali mitundu yoposa 300, waukulu yogawa malo - ndi kotentha. Antotserotovye ndere ndi dongosolo achilendo - kumaliseche zili zomera m'munsi wosanjikiza, apanga kubwereketsa imene mutuluka ndi elongated struchkovidny sporogony ndi eletary - ulusi kuti mutsogolere kupezeka bwino spores.

2. Chiwindi ndere ankaimira subclasses marshantsievye ndi jungermanniales. The subclass woyamba chimakwirira zomera, gametophyte amene akhoza zosiyanasiyana mu mawonekedwe ndi mmodzi wochuluka thupi laling'ono ndi sporogonia wosazindikira ndi wopanda partitions. Zomera subclass chachiwiri ndi corpuscles angapo wochuluka ndipo yosiyanasiyana mu mawonekedwe gametophyte. Liverworts makamaka wamba mu kotentha ndi mayiko.

3. Listostebelnye. Ndere deciduous mtundu ndi makumi angapo zikwi (za 95% ya ndere) ndipo zikuphatikiza subclasses atatu: brievye, sphagnum ndi Andreeva. Ndi Andreev ndi zomera ang'ono red-bulauni mtundu, kukula pa miyala. Pakuti sphagnum yodziwika ndi mwachindunji sporogonia tsinde ndi kapisozi ozungulira. Brievye ndere ndi yosiyanasiyana, koma zomera zonse mano apadera spore kufalitsa.

deciduous onse anakhala ambiri nkhalango zithaphwi, m'madera kumpoto. Yotchuka kwambiri ndi Moss Kukushkin nyumba sphagnum leukobry - mitundu ya Moss, chithunzi umene umachitika monga mainsaikulopediya akuluakulu komanso chithunzi wanu deta.

Ndere kumathandiza yaikulu mu mapangidwe biocenoses ndi mapangidwe peat, umene ntchito ku makampani. Kuti kalembera wa kamangidwe ka ziwembu munda ntchito Moss, amene mosavuta kukula paokha, ntchito yisiti shuga, yogurt ndi mbali ina ya mbewu.