Odessa anthu: kukula ndi kapangidwe

Posachedwapa, Odessa angatchedwe mizinda. Koma masiku ano, udindo uwu salinso mu mzinda. ndi anthu Odessa masiku ano? Mtundu anakakhala South Palmyra ndi mmene moyo pano?

Chiwerengero cha mzinda wa Odessa ndi manambala ake

Otsiriza kalembera ku Ukraine zinachitikadi, monga amadziwika, mu 2001. Pa nthawi imeneyo ndinkakhala Odessa anthu miliyoni ndi 29 zikwi. Patapita zaka khumi, Caledonia, mwatsoka, anataya mizinda udindo wake. Chifukwa chachikulu ichi chinali depopulation ambiri mu dziko lonse (chifukwa, choyamba, mlingo wochepa kubadwa).

Ndi anthu angati moyo lero mu Odessa? zodzitetezera pa umoyo wa anthu, malinga ndi ziwerengero kuyambirira, amapereka chithunzi cha anthu 1,029,650 (Komabe, palibe nkhani anthu okhazikika ndi pano). M'mawu ena, mzinda kamodzinso anagonjetsa chizindikiro miliyoni. Akatswiri amati zimenezi zingachitike chifukwa kuchuluka kwambiri othawa ku East Odessa Ukraine.

Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti m'chilimwe anthu a Odessa chimaonekadi kuchuluka chifukwa alendo ndi alendo. Odessans ngakhale mwanthabwala kuti mu September, "tsiku lachiwiri la kumasulidwa kwa mzinda."

ndi kapangidwe jenda ya anthu okhala mumzinda chiyani? Malinga ndi zomwe zilipo, izo amakhala Odessa 53% wamkazi ndi 47% wamwamuna.

Iwo ankakhulupirira nzika za Odessa? Mbiri ya kalembera woyamba

Odessa, monga amadziwika, anakhazikitsidwa M'chaka cha 1794. Mu penepi pikhalipyakunensa pyakwanga kupikhulupira, koma masiku amenewo, "nyambo" anthu mzinda uwu chinali ndithu yovuta. Ndinakopeka atsamunda woyamba pa Black Sea gombe mothandizidwa ndi ubwino zosiyanasiyana: nyumba boma akumeneko, mphoto ndalama 150 rubles, ndi nawo usilikali.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba anthu a Odessa kale anayesedwa mu 1795. Pa nthawi imeneyo mumzinda chiwerengero 2349 anthu. Kodi chidwi, pafupifupi 25% ya nambala iyi anali serfs wothawa m'madera ena a Russian Ufumu. Pa chiyambi cha m'ma XIX akuyamba kumanga padoko ku Odessa. mwambo umenewu wakhala dalaivala zikuluzikulu kukopa anthu atsopano mumzindawo.

Kalembera wa 1817 anasonyeza kuti anthu Odessa chawonjezeka ndi anthu 32 sauzande. Ndipo zaka makumi awiri kenako, ndithudi chinaposa 50,000th akukula. Komabe, woyamba kwambiri kalembera unachitikira Odessa mu 1892. Bungwe City ali allocated kukhazikitsa wa rubles oposa 30 zikwi. Kalembera unatenga masiku atatu! Patapita milungu iwiri, pambuyo kusonkhanitsa makadi bureaus oyang'anira tauni zowerengera potsiriza analengeza chithunzi anthu ambiri 336 zikwi! Pankhaniyi, aliyense wokhala wachitatu nthawi kuti Odessa anali Myuda.

The zikuchokera mitundu ya anthu

Ndi palibe chinsinsi kuti anthu Odessa ndi m'mayiko osiyanasiyana osiyana. Today pali pamodzi mwamtendere ndi Russian Ukrainians, Bulgarians ndi Moldovans, Ayuda ndi Armenia.

Choncho, zikuchokera mitundu ya anthu okhala Odessa masiku ano: ochuluka kuposa mitundu gulu mumzinda ndi Ukrainians (za 62%). Iwo anatsatira ndi Russian (29%), Bulgaria (1.3%), Ayuda (1.2%), Moldovans (1%) ndi Belarusians Zitsulo, Chiameniya, Agiriki ndi mayiko ena.

Ammudzi Ayuda ku Odessa ndi mbiri yake

Wamphamvu Ayuda ku Odessa wakhala alipo nthawi zonse. About 125.000 Ayuda a mumzindawo kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma lomaliza. Ngakhale anakakhala pafupi ndi Odessa asanaikidwe maziko a mumzindawo. Mwachitsanzo, asayansi apeza m'dera la Turkey linga Hadzhibey tombstone Ayuda pachibwenzi 1770 chaka.

Kale pa mapeto a XVIII m'ma mumzinda anamanga m'sunagoge woyamba ndi sukulu ana Ayuda. Mu 1809, ku Odessa ku Moldova Bender anafika ndi mphunzitsi woyamba - Yitzhak Rabinovich. Kamodzi pa gombe inamangidwa doko yaikulu Ayuda anafika ku Odessa kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo anayamba kutenga nawo mbali pa moyo wa mzinda, anathamanga ngakhale osankhidwa khotilo m'tawuni.

Mu zaka za m'ma makumi awiri, Ayuda anali osachepera 32% mu Odessa. Akanagwiritsa ntchito, pamzinda m'masunagoge 7 ndi masukulu 89 ndi maheda mazana awiri (sukulu ya pulayimale). Pomwepo adadza ulimi, ndipo kuseri kwake - nkhondo ndi Anazi, kenako nambala ya gulu mitundu anachepetsedwa pafupifupi 30 nthawi!

Masiku ano, Odessa Ayuda angapo a kindergartens, masukulu ndi phunziro tima Chihebri. Kumeneko Ayuda a Odessa ndi chibonga akazi, komanso masitolo woyeretsedwa ndi malo odyera. Odessa Ayuda mabuku nyuzipepala yake, amene anagawana kwaulere.

Moldova ammudzi mu Odessa ndi mbiri yake

Anthu enanso ambiri akukhala Odessa - ndi Moldovans. Ndipotu, mpaka kumalire Moldova ndi mzinda Chiyukireniya n'kotheka - makilomita 50 kutali. Ndipo mmodzi wa m'maboma a Odessa otchedwa - Chimoludaviyani.

Moldovans, ndi Ukrainians okha zambiri mukufuna kukumbukira kuti zaka 650 otsiriza pakati pa maiko awiri panalibe nkhondo asilikali. Moldovans akukhala Odessa, bwino ndi Ukrainians, kuwayitana iwo ndi mtendere ndi olimbikira kwambiri.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, mu South Palmyra amakhala pafupifupi 8000 Moldovans. Ndipo onse a iwo dera Odessa, pali 125 zikwi. Odessa Moldovans zikugwira m'dziko lachilendo zimagwiritsa zinthu zitatu - ulimi, ntchito ndi sayansi. Pakati pa aphunzitsi ndi aphunzitsi a mabungwe apamwamba maphunziro a Odessa anthu ambiri ku dziko loyandikana nalo.

Moldovans ku Odessa kumva zosavuta ndi omasuka. Palibe chinenero iwo satero, monga ulamuliro, ali bwino mu Ukraine ndi Russia. Oimira anthu ochepa izi akukondwerera zikondwerero wawo wowerengeka mu Odessa: Mertsishor ndi Malanka. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, izi zimachokera ndi Odessa dera la Moldovans kope zonse Chiyukireniya "Ray Ferou" nyuzipepala, amene kusindikizidwa mu chinenero Moldova anthu a kunja kwa Palestina a.

Odessa: gasi. Tariffs kwa anthu

Latsopano tariffs kwa Kutentha ndi mpweya - Funso limeneli nkhawa kwambiri anthu a Odessa. Mu May 2015 ndi ogwira ntchito m'dera "Odessagaz" analengeza tariffs latsopano kwa anthu a mumzindawo.

Choncho, malipiro apamwezi a mpweya (kwa anyantchoche a nyumba ndi cookers ochiritsira mpweya) chinawonjezeka 3 zina ndi lero 21,56 hryvnia pa munthu. Koma geysers eni kulipira 64,69 hryvnia pa munthu.

Pa nthawi yomweyo komanso kuchuluka mitengo kwa Kutentha ndi madzi otentha. Pakuti mita kiyubiki mmodzi wa madzi mkangano ku Odessa tsopano muyenera kuyala 42,14 USD. Latsopano Kutentha mtengo 16,7 USD. pa "mita" m'deralo. Pakuyenerera, hryvnia chimodzi - ndi za pang'ono zoposa zitatu rubles Russian.

Pomaliza

Odessa - yaikulu doko mzinda kumwera kwa Ukraine, amene anthu Mitandadza anthu miliyoni. Pali makumi a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Yaikulu ya iwo - ndi Ukrainians, Russian Ayuda, Moldavians, Bulgarians, Agiriki ndi Armenia.