Kodi structural chilinganizo cha isoprene

isoprene ndi chiyani? Chilinganizo ambiri a pawiri udindo magazi mndandanda chimasanduka diene, ali zikuchokera CnH2n-2. Ife bwinobwino ena njira yokonza mankhwala mankhwala, ndi kupeza zochita zofunika zake.

Kufotokoza mwa chidule za katundu thupi

Tikungotchula katundu zofunika zakuthupi isoprene lapansi. Izi diene hydrocarbon -toxic, ali negligible solubility mu madzi. Mkulu woipa wa mankhwala kukhudza chomwa mankhwalawa. The pazipita kololeka ndende, vuto lililonse kwa anthu, akuti ndi 40 mg / masentimita ^3. Ndi kuwonjezeka mu chizindikiro ichi ndi 2-isoprene-1.3 ali kungasokoneze pa psyche anthu. M'mikhalidwe wabwinobwino, thunthu ndi colorless oyaka madzi kukhala otsika kuwira mfundo.

katundu makamaka mankhwala

amadziwika chiyani structural chilinganizo cha isoprene? awiri maunyolo awiri alipo mu zikuchokera pawiri organic. Iwo zimaonetsa za ankachita zofunika mankhwala kuti mankhwala nthumwi diene ndi zinthu zina organic ndi zochita kupanga. Isoprene ndi mosavuta oxidized mu mlengalenga mpweya, mmene mankhwala anachita ndi peroxides.

polymerization

Adzasala mu polymerization wa isoprene? Chilinganizo ambiri a kalasi imene hydrocarbon ali mawonekedwe CnH2n-2. Ngati mamembala ena a magazi mndandanda wa 1,3-butadiene, isoprene angathe kupanga mkulu-maselo pawiri.

Pogwira polymerization ndondomeko ya mapangidwe wa Kisi ndi trans polyisoprene, amene analogues wa mphira achilengedwe.

Kukonzekera mphira zachilengedwe

Kodi isoprene? zochita zimene zimachitika pa nthawi yomweyo kugwirizana ndi kutembenuka mtima kwa isoprene monomer mu polima ndi - polyisoprene. Pakuti kudzipatula mphira zachilengedwe ndi dongosolo ofanana 2-1,3-metilbutadienom, ntchito lalabala mitengo otentha.

Madzi chifukwa chinaperekedwa ku vulcanization mankhwala operekedwa mankhwala enaake sulfure. Mu mphira izi mankhwala anachita zimatenga ena sulfure, kukhala plasticity, elasticity. The polymerization mankhwala anali khola kutentha, mankhwala aukali. The structural chilinganizo cha isoprene anafotokoza otaya makhalidwe a ndondomeko vulcanization.

Ngati zimachitika izi mankhwala kutenga sulfa m'magawo osiyanasiyana 25 peresenti 40, akhoza zopezera ebone. Nkhanizi wakhala mkulu mphamvu, ntchito monga chuma kwambiri zokutira zitsulo. The structural chilinganizo cha isoprene, amene anakumana ndi sulfure, liribe maunyolo awiri. Limafotokoza kapangidwe mankhwala ndi mphamvu mawotchi.

Polyisoprene rubbers kupeza ma polima zonse ntchito kupanga ndege, galimoto, zipinda njinga ndi matayala.

Kodi wina akhoza kundiuza structural chilinganizo isoprene? Iwo amatha Kuwonjezera zimene nsinga awiri ndi tinthu galogenovdorodov, halogens, wa hydrogen, madzi. motero kutsimikizira isoprene ndiwe wa gulu la chimasanduka unsaturated.

Njira yokonza mafakitale

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana mafakitale a isoprene. Mwachitsanzo, mwa kuchita acetylene ndi acetone anachita kumatanthauza mapangidwe metibutinola wapakatikati. Pambuyo hydrogenation ake, kenako madzi m'thupi la opangidwa isoprene. Ndi zotheka kupeza 2-methylbutadiene-1,3 propylene. Kusankha catalysts akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ngati zinthu zina kulandira dziko.

Ntchito isoprene

Mtokoma wa isoprene opangidwa ntchito kaphatikizidwe wa mphira isoprene. Iye ali thupi ndi makhalidwe mankhwala ndi pafupifupi ofanana zipangizo achilengedwe. ntchito zina za pawiri yomalizidwa mkulu-maselo otchedwa kupanga matayala a galimoto.

Kuwonjezera CIS-isomer, mwa mankhwala polymerization apo palinso isomer trans, ndi makhalidwe a gutta percha. Iye alibe wapadera ntchito mafakitale. Nkhanizi polymeric ndi kulenga mpira masewera a gofu komanso ulimi wa kutchinjiriza a mawaya amagetsi m'nyumba. Pakati pa Boma zofunika ntchito akhoza kukhala wolemekezeka isoprene kaphatikizidwe zipangizo polymeric kupanga styrene-isoprene-styrene. Zamgululi wa mtundu uwu ntchito ngati zipangizo thermoplastic, zomatira, kuthamanga tcheru.

Isoprene chofunika kwa kaphatikizidwe wa mphira butyl, wokhutira kachulukidwe mu izo zifika peresenti atatu.

Kungoyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana lomaliza United States wayamba kupanga malonda terpenes kwa chakudya chisakanizo cha isoprene, acetylene, acetone. Kagwiridwe, ozikidwa pa njira imeneyi, yokhudza mfundo ziwiri kaphatikizidwe.