Kodi chitukuko cha kulankhula ontogenesis Kodi

The ndondomeko ya kulankhulana bwino ndi achabe kwa anthu ambiri. Zinenero mawonekedwe kulankhulana wakhala njira yofunika kwambiri pa kulankhulana maganizo ake monga kukonza ana, ndi akulu. Chinthu china ndi khalidwe la ntchito mawu angakhale osiyana. Akatswiri, anthu ambiri a moyo wambirimbiri wake zambiri ntchito chinenero monga njira kulankhulana mawu, kuwongolera m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kumayambiriro pambuyo embryonic m'badwo anthu, zofunika kulankhulana ndi anthu ena, kuphatikizapo kutukwana. Kukula kwa kulankhula ontogenesis amapezeka magawo ena omwe mwina kusonyeza mlingo wa luso deta, amene koyamba, ziribe kanthu kochita ndi matchalitchi akuphunzitsa kulankhulana chinenero.

General zambiri zolankhula

kulankhulana wapakamwa akhoza amatengedwa kuti mudziwe-kugawana chida. Ndi chifukwa cha ndondomeko psycholinguistic kuti anatuluka chifukwa luso chinenero, munthu anakhoza ntchito zakale ndi zokumana nazo panopa anthu ena. Choncho inkayenda ndi chitukuko cha luso kale anthu. Pamodzi ndi ichi, sangathe kuona mobisika ndi chida atangochimwa kukhazikitsa - chinenero. Pa dzanja limodzi, limanena za ziwalo articulation, ndi pa zina - mndandanda wa zizindikiro onena izi kapena kuti chodabwitsa, kapena chinthu dziko lenileni. Quality ntchito bwino chinenero anatsimikiza ndi luso ndi dzuwa la kulankhulana. Ndipo chitukuko cha kulankhula ontogenesis ndi mtundu wa maziko kumanga mapangidwe wotsatira wa articulation, ndi maluso ena.

Features ndi ntchito ya kulankhula

Monga taonera kale, analola munthu kukwaniritsa zamakono ndi mkulu kuchuluka kwa ntchito. Ichi chinapangidwira zikomo zotheka chakuti munthu kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito ntchito kulankhulana mawu. Izi makamaka ntchito kulankhulana, womwenso womasulira maganizo a munthu makamaka. Apa tiyenera anatsindika, ndi kutha kuzindikira kulankhula popanda amene ndondomeko psycholinguistic kapena kwambiri zatha kapena sizimatanthauza. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ndi ntchito zake zinagwira ntchito munthu ozindikira, imene kukulitsa luso monga chikumbukiro, kuzindikira, maganizo, ndi zina zotero. D. Pamene ntchito kulankhulana, luso zimadalira bwino momwe mawu yokha. Kukula kwa kulankhula ontogenesis ndi kutchera makhalidwe Mkhalidwe luso limenelo. Pakati pawo ndi luso momveka popereka maganizo, kutanthauzira koyenera, expressiveness ndi moyenerera, mwachitsanzo yaikulu interlocutor lapansi.

Masiteji ntchito mawu

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana kwa systematization masitepe mu ndondomeko yomwe, ndi osiyana mwamphamvu ndi mapangidwe luso mu ntchito ya kulankhula. Koma kawirikawiri onse mofanana pali atatu zigawo zikuluzikulu - ndi kukonzekera, chisanadze sukulu ndipo nthawi chisanadze sukulu. Siteji koyamba ikukhudza chitukuko cha mawu mu nthawi ya chaka chimodzi. Ndipo akhoza kugawidwa ndi mu nthawi zingapo, monga pa nthawi iyi pali mfundo zingapo wachibadidwe zofunika kusintha mu chitukuko. Pamakhala siteji otchedwa yaikulu kapena chisanadze sukulu, ndi amanyansidwa limene mwana kale ayenera kupeza zofunika ndi monga chipangizo mawu. Koma kachiwiri, ndi magawo koyamba chitukuko kulankhula ontogeny, chimene munthu asaganize zotsatira kwambiri mawu a kuwongolera kulankhula. Siteji yachitatu ikukhudza maluso a kale kukhala zida kalembedwe.

Zimene woyamba kulankhula

Kuyambira masiku oyambirira a kubadwa kwa chikhalidwe ngakhale mitundu achikalekale wa kulankhula sangalankhule, koma nthawi imeneyi ndi yofunika kwambiri mawu a mapangidwe zida ntchito mawu. Nkofunika, chifukwa nthawi kuti n'zotheka kuthetsa ena ziwonongeke thupi kuti kenako kukhala chotchinga chitukuko zonse za luso articulation. Choncho, malo apadera ali matupi anayendera kuti adzaona chitukuko tsogolo la kulankhula ontogenesis. Mwachidule, matupi awa akhoza kukhala wa ku monga kupuma, mawu ndi articulation zipangizo anafotokoza. Mwana nthawi imeneyi amayamba kudziwonetsa kayendedwe ka m'madipatimenti awa, chimene anapereka kulira ndi kufuula.

Language chitukuko mu miyezi sikisi ya moyo

miyezi 5-6, mwanayo amayamba anaumitsa zida amapilira, izo angathe zikubwetuka ndi kukuwa. Pakutha malo kuonekera Gulen, zomwe kupereka uthenga zopindika zotheka. Kodi wina n'kofunika, limodzi ndi chitukuko cha nzeru zawo kulankhulana kulankhula, ana amayamba mwachangu kutenga chipani zikumveka, kuwapatsa mtengo osiyana. Makolo ndi ozungulira ambiri zingakhudze kuphatikiza mawu pa nkhani ya mayanjano. Ambiri, makamaka chitukuko cha kulankhula ontogenesis makamaka wabwino ndi mphamvu ya chilengedwe kunja. Pa mwana amakhudza intonation, munthu mokoma situational zosiyanasiyana khalidwe. Kulimbikitsa zina chitsanzo, Ndi bwino kubwereza iwo kangapo - kukumbukira mwanayo pa nthawi ino ndi zambiri chida aluso chitukuko, osati luso thupi articulation.

Siteji ya chitukuko nthawi kuchokera miyezi 5 mpaka 12

Nthawiyi amakhala ndi kusintha ziwiri zofunika kuti chidzakhala mlingo watsopano mu chitukuko cha luso chinenero mwana. Choyamba, ndi onyenga yogwira akulu. Ana sikuti kutsanzira phokoso yomwe kulankhulana chikuchitika, komanso kutsanzira zimango kwambiri articulation katchulidwe. Choncho chitsanzo lililonse limene kumumanganso. Kukula kwa kulankhula ontogenesis panthawi imeneyi komanso envisages kulimbitsa Kugwirizana pakati pa mawu ndi dzikoli, koma kuipidwa ndi maganizo ochekenera. Apa inu mukhoza kulemba wachiwiri kusintha lalikulu motsogozedwa chidzachitike m'tsogolo. Izi zikamera wa mayankho achindunji kwambiri mawu ndi ziganizo. The mwana samazidziwa izo mokwanira wamkulu ndi zimatengera pa maziko ake ena mavutowo.

Siteji ya chitukuko mu nyengo ya zaka kuyambira 1 mpaka 3

Nthawi imeneyi, mwana aumbike articulation zida ndi amodzi notional chifukwa chimene iye angakhoze kudziwa zimene akulu amanena. Ndipo ngati M'chaka choyamba cha chidziwitso cha mawu zimachitika mu uthunthu zowombetsa mkota, pa nthawi imeneyi, ana kale kulankhula kwambiri kapena zochepa khola, ngakhale ndi kulakwitsa kwakukulu. Mwachitsanzo, iwo akhoza kusokoneza matanthauzo a mawu ena, sanatchule prepositions, ndi zovuta zambiri mawu a zopempha. Pa nthawi imeneyi chitukuko chinenero pa ontogeny makamaka kumachitika chifukwa kudzikundikira mawu. Ndiko kuti, akuchitira makina ali kale mu gawo mapangidwe udakali yekha bwino, koma ana ambiri zimawavuta ndendende ku kusowa mawu.

Siteji ya chitukuko mu nyengo ya zaka kuyambira 3 mpaka 7

Kuyambira zaka 3, ana akhoza kale kufotokoza maganizo awo mu kumva, pamene kutsatira dongosolo kalembedwe. Inde, nthawi imeneyi idzakhala ambiri zolakwa. Ambiri a iwo saloledwa chifukwa cholephela bwino ntchito ziganizo komanso nthawi zina, analola ndi zolakwa katchulidwe mawu. Komanso phonemic maganizo akufotokozera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwana ndi dzuwa kwambiri akhoza kukhala abwino ulamuliro wawo yemwe mawu. Iye amamva yekha ndi kuwongolera, potengera malamulo anapereka akuluakulu. Choncho, kuphunzira ntchito ya makolo ndi chidwi. Komanso, chitukuko cha mawu ana a mu ontogenesis pa siteji iyi inextricably zogwirizana ndi kusintha makhalidwe monga kuganiza, kukumbukira ndi kuzindikira.

Development luso phonetic ndi phonemic

Kupeza kutha kuzindikira phokoso ndi khutu ndi kusewera iwo molondola anapanga pamodzi ndi chitukuko cha ziwalo yomweyo m'badwo kulankhula. M'mawu ena, dziko lonse kulankhula zida ndi zigawo mawu zolumukizidwa ndi dongosolo chapakati Makutu ali zinthu, zomwe amamuchititsa intuitively adziwe mwana. Komanso kwambiri akhoza operekedwa articulation ndi chifukwa khalidwe la katchulidwe ukudalira pa izo. Komanso kumaonekera ndi luso logwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana malankhulidwe mawu. Maganizo ambiri anazindikira ndendende mmene kutchulidwa mawu ena. Intonation, makamaka panthawi imeneyi afika mbali yake stylistic kuti nthawi zonse kubwereza mtundu wa kukambirana ozungulira akulu.

The ndondomeko ya patsogolo lexical ndi kalembedwe m'munsi

Kuwonjezera kudzikundikira mawu, pa nthawi iyi mwana akuyesera kulumikiza bwino. The makodi losavuta kale bwino, koma mwina mavuto ndi yokonza mawu ovuta. Luso kasamalidwe koyenera ka milandu kukhala pang'onopang'ono. Komanso, kukulitsa luso kudziwa kusiyanitsa kulankhula ndondomeko mochulukitsa ndi mmodzi, ndi kutsekedwa kwa T. D. Nthawi ina, amene amapezeka pa chitukuko cha dongosolo kalembedwe wa kulankhula ontogeny, yodziwika ndi mapangidwe milingo syntactic ndi morphological wa bwino. Ana amaphunzira njira mawu mapangidwe ndi Kukweza mawu, paokha kupanga amachita ndi kuphunzira bwino kusamalira nkhawa. Ndipo komabe phonetics ndi luso kuzindikira mbali ya kulankhula ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zikuluzikulu zakunja chifukwa limene mwana akufotokozera luso lake kulankhulana.

Development wa kulankhula coherent mu ontogenesis

Mu nthawi iyi pali lolimbikitsa mabuku wa kulankhula luso cholowa kuchokera kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino osiyana - kuchokera wailesi, morphological, lexical ndi kalembedwe. Kulumikizidwa kumafuna mwana kwambiri khama ndiponso kunadetsa kumafuna njira maganizo. Anapanga ndi luso kukhalabe kukambirana, umene uli kale membala osati Mawuwo yosavuta kapena zovuta, komanso amafuna zochita ndi mwamsanga kuti akuvomera kuyesera kupereka njira mafunso ndi mayankho. Pamene dongosolo la chitukuko kulankhula zimasonyeza ontogenesis, ana amayamba kulipira mwapadera kwa ndondomeko kulankhulana ndi nkhani yake. The generality za nkhaniyi, chimene chimamanga mwanayo ndi maziko a interlocutor, ali mbali yaikulu pa mawu ake.

monyanyira N'zotheka njira ya chitukuko cha chinenero

Kulankhula zopindika makamaka kugwirizana ndi hypoplasia ntchito maganizo, koma amayambira ndi kuvutika thupi. Kawirikawiri zimayambitsa onse azigwirizana, chifukwa cha zomwe anapanga yoopsa ya zinthu, osalola lomveka anapezazo njira ndiyotani pakuchotsa vuto. zopindika awa akhoza zimachitika alalia, dysphonia, logoneurosis ndi .. Ena kuvutika imakhudzana ndi chisokonezo mu ndondomeko ya maphunziro mawu, mavuto ena amayamba ndi chithandizo kumva, pamene ena salola kukonza ntchito temporitmicheskuyu molondola. Nthawi zina matenda kakulidwe wa kulankhula ontogenesis simungathe kukonza ali aang'ono. Koma akamakula, ngakhale mkati magawo koyamba mapangidwe kulankhula kuthana ndi kuyan'anila koteroko kukhala kovuta.

Pomaliza

Malinga ndi akatswiri, palibe ambiri lachitsanzo limene pali chitukuko cha luso kulankhula. Monga mapangidwe maluso ena mwana aliyense monga mlatho akufotokozera dongosolo yake, kumuthandiza kumvetsa malamulo ndi mfundo zomwe zachokera. Kukula kwa kulankhula ontogenesis chigweranso atagona maluso ena. Iwo ayenera kukhala okonzeka kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kungakhale mu magawo oyambirira kumva mobwerezabwereza kuti mumafuna muziyamba kuchapa phokoso koma kunena iwo mpaka iwo akhoza kuchita. M'mbali zina za zosiyanasiyana za mbali payekha aya kulankhula chimachitika gawo la kuzindikira phonetic, komanso zidzachitika m'tsogolo kupanga luso la mawu a kungomanga chiweruzo ndi kukhalabe dialogs.