Katolika ku Kaliningrad. Kaliningrad: malo owona

Chigawo cha amber, chomwe chimatchedwa chigawo cha Kaliningrad, chikugwedezeka ndi mbiri. Mwala uliwonse pano ndi kukopa alendo. Mzindawu, mzinda wa Kaliningrad, ndilo likulu la zonse zomwe dera lino limatchuka. Zithunzi, zokopa, mndandanda wa mayendedwe, zofotokozera za maulendo ochititsa chidwi amapezeka kwambiri.

Mmodzi wa alendo a Mecca

Kumeneko Emanuel Kant ndi malo otchuka kwambiri okaona malo. Mbiri yakale kwambiri ya mzindawo, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa mu 1255 ndi Mfumu ya Bohemia Przemysl II ndi Master of the Teutonic Order von Wertgaint, imapezeka m'nyumba zambiri za nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Zinthu zonsezi ndizomwe zimakhala zochitika zakale kapena zomangamanga. Mzindawu umagwirizanitsa miyendo yonse ndipo ndi umodzi mwa malo okongola kwambiri osungiramo zinthu zakale ku Europe ndi dziko lapansi. Choncho mapu a Kaliningrad ndi otchuka kwambiri. Chuma chachikulu cha mumzindawu ndi Museum of Amber ndi Banja Lopatulika la Holy Family, Gateenburg Gate ndi Synagogue New Liberal, Cathedral ya Cross Exaltation Cathedral ndi Kaliningrad Zoo, Lower Pond, manda a mchiyambi wa filosofi yachi German ya Immanuel Kant ndi Christ Savior Savior Cathedral.

Business khadi la mzindawo

Koma, mwinamwake, chokopa chachikulu ndi Katolika ku Kaliningrad, mzinda womwe mpaka July 4, 1946 unkatchedwa Koenigsberg. Dzina lake ndi malo omwe akhalapo pakati pa nthawi yomweyi pa malo a hotelo yamakono "Kaliningrad", yomwe inalandira kuchokera ku nyumbayi ndi dzina lomwelo. Pakhoma pake panakhazikitsidwa malo ena a alonda a ku Germany a Altstadt (mzinda wakale), ndipo kuyambira 1297 mpaka 1302, tchalitchi chachikulu choyamba cha Koenigsberg, chomwe chinali chochepa kwambiri, chinakhazikitsidwa ndi oyang'anira Siegfried. Ndipo kotero mu 1327, pempho la Bishopu Yatsopano Johann, Mbuye wa Teutonic Order akukhazikitsa malo oti amange tchalitchi chachikulu pachilumba cha Kneipkofe (chinthu chapadera cha mzindawu ndi malo ake ochepa pazilumba).

Kachisire wapadera

Mtundu wapamwamba wa dera lazilumba ndipo nthawi zina, pamene nyumba iliyonse inali malo achitetezo, akulongosola zojambula zapadera za kachisi, zomwe poyamba zinakonzedweratu ngati kanyumba kokha kwa makina. Ndipo kokha kuwonjezera pa gawo limodzi la nkhono, lotchedwa "High Choruses", matumba atatu a nave ("Lower Choruses"), tchalitchi chinayamba kupezeka kwa anthu wamba okhala mumzindawo. Ndikofunika kunena kuti Katolika ku Kaliningrad panthawi yomwe inalipo inapatsidwa ntchito yaikulu ndi zina. Kotero, kwa nthawi yaitali anali mpingo ku yunivesite ya Albertina.

Ntchito zambiri za kachisi wamkulu

Kuwonjezera apo, tchalitchichi ndi malo oikidwa m'manda a mbiri yakale, monga wolamulira woyamba wa Prussia komanso mtsogoleri womaliza wa Teutonic Order, Albrecht Duke. Chidutswa cha manda a manda ake chakhalapo kufikira lero.
Lutter von Braunschweit, yemwe anayambitsa tchalitchi chachikulu, adapeza mtendere pano. Aphunzitsi a yunivesite ya Albertina, akale kwambiri ku Prussia, anaikidwa m'manda kuno, naponso. Otsiriza mwa iwo anali Immanuel Kant. Manda a pulofesayu akugwirizanitsa tchalitchi chachikulu cha yunivesite, chomwe chimadziŵikiranso ndi Wallenrod Library, yomwe ili ndi mndandanda wapadera wa mipukutu yakale ndi mipukutu.

Wobadwanso

Mosakayikira kuti pamene mu mtima wa Europe, Katolika ku Kaliningrad anagwidwa mobwerezabwereza ndi otsutsa, anagwa, anawotcha ndi kumanganso. Pambuyo pa mabomba a Allies (mabomba okwera mabomba a Britain) mu 1944, omwe adawononga nyumba zonse zonyamula katundu ndi miyala, kachisi, monga Kneipkof lonse, adawonongedwa. Pali makoma ochepa a tchalitchi chachikulu, manda a Kant, zipinda zina zapansi. Thupi lakale, lobwezeretsedwa mu 1905, linawonongedwanso. Kachisi wokhawo anabwezeretsedwa kokha mu 1992. Anali ndi chiwalo chatsopano. Masiku ano, makoma a tchalitchi, omwe ali ndi ziwalo ziwiri (zazikulu ndi zazing'ono), alibe zofanana. Ndilo lalikulu kwambiri ku Ulaya. Ulemu ndi zosiyana ndi zovuta - kuthekera kusewera zida ziwiri panthawi yomweyo. Thupi lalikulu kwambiri ndi lalikulu kwambiri ku Russia, lili ndi mabuku 90. Icho chili chokongoletsedwa ndi Phoenix, mbalame yomwe ili chizindikiro cha kubalanso kachiwiri, pambali iyi liwalo ndi tchalitchi chachikulu.

Mbiri Yapamwamba

Kuwonongeka kwakukulu, komanso ntchito yowonzanso kwakukulu, chifukwa cha tchalitchi chimene chinasinthidwa kapena kupindula, chizindikiro cha mzindawo chinayamba kale kwambiri. Mbiri ya tchalitchi chachikulu ndi yochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Poyamba kumangidwanso m'malo atsopano, mlatho unamangidwa, wotchedwa Cathedral. Pa izo panali zipangizo zomangika zopangidwa kuchokera ku tchalitchi chakale chosasunthika kupita kuchilumba, chifukwa tchalitchi chatsopano chinamangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo. Katolika ku Kaliningrad tsopano sichigwira ntchito, ndi chikhalidwe ndi zipembedzo. Koma panthawi ina inali mpingo waukulu wa Katolika mumzindawu, ndipo pambuyo pa kukonzanso kwazaka za m'ma 1500, bungweli lalikulu la Lutheran silinali mzinda wokha, koma Prussia yense.

Tsogolo la limba ndilopadera

Kwa nthawi yaitali tchalitchichi chinatsitsimutsidwa. Pambuyo pa kubwezeretsa kwakukulu koyamba kwa 1833, chiwalo chatsopano chinawonekera apa. Katolika (Kaliningrad) chifukwa cha mbiri yake inali ndi zida zambirizi. Yoyamba inakhazikitsidwa mu 1695, yachiwiri - mu 1833, yovuta - mu 2008. Pali zambiri zolembedwa ponena zachipembedzo ndi chikhalidwe ichi, zikuonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha mzinda, khadi lake la bizinesi. Koma pali tchalitchi china ku Kaliningrad - Cathedral of Christ the Savior. Uwu ndi mpingo wa Orthodox. Ngakhale kuti anali wamng'ono kwambiri (adakonzedweratu ndi Alexis II pa September 10, 2006), tchalitchichi, chomwe chili pakatikati pa mzinda pa Victory Square, chiri ndi mbiri yake ndipo ndichidziwikiritso cha mzindawo. Mbali yake ya pansi, yomwe Memel "iconostasis, yoperekedwa mu 1996, ndi kachisi wa ulemerero wa nkhondo.

Chikumbutso cha kachisi

Ubale Wachifumu wa Germany Wachiwiri-Vladimir adadutsa iconostasis, yomwe inalengedwa pa nkhondo ya zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri (1756-1763) ku Memel (Klaipeda) kulemekeza asilikali achi Russia. Tsopano, potsatiridwa ndi tcheyamani wa ubale wa Bambo GA Rahr, mbali ya pansi ya iconostasis ndi chikumbutso kwa asilikali onse a ku Russia amene anafera m'dera la Prussia mu Zaka Zisanu ndi ziwiri ndi Napoleonic, First and Second World Wars. Mpingo waukulu wa Orthodox m'derali umakondwera ndi Kaliningrad. Tchalitchi chachikulu cha Kristu Mpulumutsi, chomwe chinapangidwa ndi zojambula za Vladimir-Suzdal, kutalika kwa mamita 73, zogwirizana ndi zomangamanga za mzinda wakale wa ku Ulaya. Zoonadi, chinthu chirichonse cha likulu la Amber Region chikhoza kuyankhulidwa kosatha. Koma ndi bwino kuona kukongola kumene Kaliningrad ali nako. Zithunzi, zokopa zomwe zikuwonetsedwa m'njira zabwino kwambiri, ndizo zabwino zowonetsera mzindawo.

Kumadera akumadzulo kwa Russia

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chigawo cha Kaliningrad chomwe chili ku Central Europe chili m'kati mwa dziko la Russian Federation lomwe liri ndi mwayi wopita kunyanja koma alibe malire a dziko la Russia.

Mwachidziwikire, malo apaderaderawa akuwonjezeranso zina zomwe zimapangitsa halo kukongola kwa mafani ambiri a "dziko lakumadzulo". Ndipo mabungwe oyendayenda amalingalira izi. Anthu okhala ku Russia, mzinda wa Kaliningrad-Koenigsberg ndi wokongola kwambiri. Iye ndi likulu la chigawo cha amber, kumene mabomba amapezeka nthawi ndi nthawi, monga posachedwapa, mphatso zamtengo wapatali za m'nyanja, ndizomwe zimapangidwanso m'mabuku a mbiri yakale a Ulaya. Ndipo zonsezi ziri kumadera a Russia. Kwa okalamba a anthu okhala m'mayiko a CIS, Koenigsberg ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za kupambana pa fascist Germany. Wojambula wamkulu Vladimir Etush pakati pa zikondwerero zambiri za usilikali ali ndi ndemanga "Chifukwa cha kugwidwa kwa Koenigsberg". Mwa zina zabwino, mzinda uwu ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za ulemerero wa nkhondo wa Russia.

M'mauwu, pali zifukwa zambiri zochezera mzinda wodabwitsawu. Mapu a Kaliningrad ndi zochitika zidzakuthandizani kupereka pasadakhale lingaliro lina la momwe mungapangire bwino kudziwana kwanu ndi mzinda wapadera uwu wa Russia, kuti mudzipange nokha zinthu zomwe mumazifuna kwambiri, kuti mupeze malo awo, kupezeka pafupi ndi mahotela, malo ogulitsa ndi zolowera zabwino kwambiri kwa iwo onse pagulu Ndipo zoyendetsa payekha.