Irena Sendler (Krzyzanowska): yonena. Zimphona antifascist kukana ku Poland

M'dzinja 2008, filimu "Olimba Mtima wa Irena Sendler" anasonyezedwa mu United States. Iye anafotokoza za mkazi amene mwakachetechete zapita mu May chaka chomwecho mu Warsaw pa 99 TH chaka cha moyo. amaonetsa ambiri, akuyang'anira zithunzi sakanakhoza kubweza misozi yake, zokhudza mtima ndiponso oopsa nkhani ya Irena Sendler anali.

ubwana

Irena Kshizhanovskaya anabadwa mu dokotala banja, unachitikira pa luso, amene ali mu ulamuliro wa chipatala ndipo ankathandiza thandizo la mankhwala kwa Ayuda osauka amene sanathe zolipirira kuchipatalako. Ngakhale asanabadwe mwana wake wamkazi anali ophunzira yogwira zochita odana ndi boma. Pamene Irene zaka 7, bambo ake anamwalira malungo, matenda ndi odwala. Ammudzi Ayuda, kwambiri tsenivshaya Inagwira Dr. Krzyzanowska, anaganiza kuthandiza banja lake kuti azilipira maphunziro Irene kwa zaka ake - ndi zaka 18. Amayi a mtsikana anakana chifukwa ndinadziwa zovuta kunyumba kwa ambiri odwala wakale wa mwamuna wake, koma anauza mwana uyu. Choncho, mu Mtima wa Irena okhazikika kwanthawi kuyamikira ndi chikondi chomwe pambuyo anabereka ana mazanamazana.

Pa yunivesite iye limodzi ndi Polish Socialist Party, ngati akufuna kupitiriza ntchito bambo ake.

Mu 1932, Irene anakwatira Mechislava Sendlera, koma ukwati sizinakhalitse, ngakhale lithe boma, iwo chikalata.

chintchito

Pamene anachita Nazi ku Poland, Irena Sendler anali wantchito wa Dipatimenti Warsaw a Health. Komanso, iye anali membala wa Polish mobisa bungwe "Zegota", ndi chinkhoswe kupereka thandizo kwa Ayuda.

Pamaziko a ntchito akatswiri mtsikana pafupipafupi ndi Warsaw ghetto ndipo anathandiza ana odwala. Kugwiritsa chivundikiro ichi, Irena Sendler ndi ziwalo zina za "Zegota" kupulumutsidwa ana 2500 Ayuda, amene ndipo umasamutsidwa ku mchitidwe umenewu, mabungwe ndi banja m'misasa.

Malinga ndi Maulendo a ophunzira mu zochitika zimenezo, ndipo ana awo anayikidwa mu mabokosi ndi mabowo, chisanadze madzi ogonetsa, kenako unachotsedwa ghetto kuti makina amene anapulumutsidwa disinfectants. Monga ana okulirapo, ananyamula mu matumba ndi madengu, unatengedwa mwa sewers, zapansi za nyumba ndi nyumba pafupi ndi malo basi. nyumba yogonamo ya Ayuda.

mmangeni

Irena Sendler mbamphedza kuti pambuyo pa nkhondo ana anapulumutsa anapeza makolo awo. Iye analemba maina awo pa timitengo ta pepala ndipo apangidwe iwo mu mtsuko galasi, amene m'manda m'munda wa mnzake.

Mu 1943 Irena Sendler anamangidwa, chifukwa anali chidzudzulo anonymous. Mtsikana anazunzidwa, akuyesa kuti azindikire amene gulu la nduna zake walunjika kulimbikira kayendedwe, kapena gawo chabe la gulu lake mobisa. Pa nthawi yomweyo Irene anasonyeza chikwatu wakuda ndi chidzudzulo ndi malipoti pa ntchito zake, yolembedwa ndi anthu ake bwino. Cholinga cha Nazi anali kudziŵa mayina a anthu ena a Save the Children ntchito ndi malo kumene ana anabisalamo. Ngakhale kupuntha, osalimba Irena Sichinatsitsidwe chikalata anzake ndipo anauza Gestapo, kumene mndandanda ndi mayina a Ayuda achinyamata, chifukwa choncho iwo ayenera kutumiza mu Treblinka msasa imfa ndi imfa.

"Akuphedwa" ndi anathawa

Kulephera kupeza zotsatira Anazi anaweruzidwira ku imfa, Irena. Mwamwayi, Sendler moyobe - ophunzira kulimbikira odana lopondereza ku Poland kumupulumutsa iye mwa mopereka chiphuphu alonda. Anthu nawonso, inanena kuti lamulo limene aphedwe chinachitika, kotero Irene si anafuna.

Malinga ndi Maulendo a mkazi pamaso kuwombera iye anaitana pa mafunso lomaliza. M'munsili msilikali naye Irene nyumba ya Gestapo, ndipo anakankhira mu Alley ndi analamula kuti athawe. Panali Polish mobisa amene anam'tenga kuti malo otetezedwa. "Mu kukumbukira" za kukhala mu zipinda Nazi wozunzikirapo pa Irene anakhalabe amadwaladwala ndipo mapeto a moyo wake ankakhala mu chikuku.

ntchito akamaliza

Irene Sendler anakabisala mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhondo. Pambuyo kumasulidwa kwa Poland, iye anali wokhoza popereka mauthenga za ana anapulumutsa ndi Adolf Berman, amene kuchokera mu 1947 mpaka 1949 anali tcheyamani wa Komiti waukulu wa Ayuda ku Poland. Ndiyamika kufufuza yaitali, anakwanitsa kugwirizanitsa mabanja amene akhala akuvutika chifukwa cha Nazi. Monga ana amasiye, Atatha mayesero awo yaitali potsiriza zimauluka kwa Israel.

Moyo pambuyo pa nkhondo

Zingatanthauze kuti mkubwela mtendere Europe Olimba Mtima wa Irena Sendler Amachepetsa pansi, ndipo kenako kuchiritsidwa moyo abata banja. Komabe, tsoka anayamba kuika izo nkhonya wina: boma chitetezo ziwalo Poland anaphunzira za asapita ake ndi Army Regional ndipo anayamba kufunafuna ake. Mu 1949, pa kufunsidwa ndi nkhanza pakati Irena asanakalambe anabereka mwana amene anafa masiku angapo.

kuzindikira belated

Ngakhale pa nthawi Irena Sendler, akuluakulu Polish ndekha, anaona maganizo lankhanza la akuluakulu a munthu mpaka kugwa kwa ulamuliro chikominisi. Choncho, pamene mu 1965 Museum wa Nazi a Israel "dzanja Vashem" waganiza mphoto ya Irena Sendler aulemu mutu wa Wolungama mwa Amitundu, izo sankandilola kukaona dziko limene linkakhala anapulumutsa mkazi kamodzi anyamata ndi atsikana amene kale anali akulu ndi asamalira izo mayi wake wachiwiri.

Only mu 1983 boma la Polish linasiya kuletsa kuyenda naye kunja, ndi Irena Sendler kupita kukacheza Israeli, kumene anabzala mtengo wake mu Memory Alley.

Ngakhale ndiye, mu dziko, anthu ochepa ankadziwa kuti wodzichepetsa nyumba Warsaw amakhala mayi wokalamba, angakwaniritse ft kuti kulandira mphoto onse apamwamba ndi maulemu. Koma tsoka naye, kuti Irena Sendler moyo kuti ndiliwone tsiku pamene kuphunzira za mbiri yake mu madera osiyana a dziko.

Ndipo izo zonse zinachitika mwangozi mu 1999, ndipo anayambitsa anakhala ana - pasukulu anayi ku nzinda Uniontown American. Iwo ankakonza lipoti kwa polojekiti "History" Tsiku ndi mphunzitsi anawasonyeza Nkhani nyuzipepala zaka zisanu zapitazo pansi udindo "Schindler winanso." Anthu atsikana chidwi anayamba kuyang'ana zokhudza Irena Sendler, ndipo anapeza kuti anali moyo. Mothandizidwa ndi abale ndi aphunzitsi iwo analemba kusewera "Moyo kubanki", umene ankachitika m'mabwalo osiyana mu US, Canada, ndipo kenako mu Poland. Atsikana ngakhale anabwera Warsaw, pamene adawona fano awo. ubwenzi wawo ndi Irena Sendler inapitirira kwa zaka zingapo, pa nthawi imene iwo anapita Amayi wa Nazi Children.

maulemu

Zoyenereza za Irena Sendler yaitali overdue anali ayesedwa ndi boma Polish, amene mu 2003 kupereka dongosolo la White Eagle ake. Njonda ya mphoto apamwamba kuti Sandler anakhala mafumu ku Ulaya, kuphatikizapo Peter Wamkulu, wotchuka atsogoleri a asilikali ndi Papa. Dongosolo la White Eagle wabwezeretsedwa ku Poland yekha mu 1992, ndipo pakati pa olandira pa m'mbuyomu '24 nkomwe aliyense anali kukhala woyenera iye monga Akazi Sendler.

Komanso, chaka chimodzi asanamwalire Irena Israeli Nduna ndi mutsogoleli wa Poland anapereka Komiti ya Nobel kuti mphoto ya Peace Prize kwa iye. Wopindulitsa Sendler sizinachitike, kuyambira komiti nthawi kuti sanasinthe malamulo, kupereka mphoto yoyenera zochita zimene zaperekedwa mu zaka ziwiri zapitazi.

Monga mmodzi wa Prize la Polish atolankhani 'manyazi. " Amene anamupatsa, anayenda munthu woyenera kuposa wina aliyense, kuti lipereke Al nyanga anafotokoza za mavuto a likutentha.

Ndipo mu 2007, chaka Akazi Irene anali kupereka n'kulandira mendulo "Order wa Kumwetulira lapansi." Monga mwa nthawi zonse mu moyo, anadumphirapo ana Irene akuti: inali kuperekedwa monga ofuna ndi mphoto mnyamata Shimon Plotsennikom wa Zielona Góra. "Order wa Kumwetulira" unakhazikitsidwa mu Poland mu 1968, ndipo amaitcha kuti anthu amene ana chimwemwe. Mu 1979, ndi mphoto anapatsidwa udindo padziko lonse, ndipo kuyambira ofuna kuulandira amasankha ntchito wopangidwa mwa oimira mayiko 24.

Mufilimuyi "The Olimba Mtima wa Irena Sendler"

Filimuyo yomwe kale otchulidwa, inajambulidwa mu Latvia. Pamene atolankhani American anauza Irene moyo wake pa nkhondo iti kupanga filimu, iye anati anavomera. Pankhaniyi, mkazi anafunsa kuti chithunzi zinali zoona komanso kusonyeza America zimene analidi nkhondo, ankawoneka ngati Warsaw ghetto, ndipo chinachitika n'chiyani kumeneko. Irena Sendler ntchito pa filimu ankaimba ndi ku New Zealand Ammayi Anna Paquin, amene mu 1994 anali ankalemekeza filimu mphoto "Oscar" chifukwa Best Kuthandiza wosewera. Malinga ndi oonera, filimu analandira kwambiri okwera ndi zoona. Painting ngati ndi wamkazi Irena Sendler - Ioannina limene poyambirira ankatsutsa lingaliro kulenga cinematic Baibulo la mbiri ya mayi ake.

Chisonyezo kukana ku Poland

Kuyankhula za chintchito Sendler, izo ayenera kumvetsa kuti mkazi wolimba mtima sakanakhoza kuchita nokha. Malinga pani kwambiri Irena, kuti apulumutse mwana mmodzi ankafunika thandizo, osachepera 12 miliyoni :. Madalaivala, ogwira ntchito zaumoyo, alonda, antchito a m'misasa, akuluakulu prescribers linapanga zikalata, etc. Ndi udindo wapadera anali Sisitere Polish. Amadziwika kuti ana 500 opulumutsidwa mwa Irena Sendler, anatha okha kuti apulumuke kuyamika thandizo lawo. Koma alongo ambiri ataya kwa umunthu wachikhristu, akuwonetseredwa mu poyerekezera ndi ana a zipembedzo zina, moyo wawo, ngakhale anakhala ofera. Choncho, mu 1944 mu manda a Warsaw Nazi doused ndi mafuta ndi kutentha moyo gulu la avirigo amene anathandiza Ayuda.

No zochepa logwira mtima ndi nkhani ya momwe Wojciech Zhukavsky ndi Alexander Zelverovich anabisa ana 40 mwa ghetto pa zinyama, kumene iwo akanati kubisa pakati osayenera ndi nyama.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa amene anali Irena Sendler, filimu imene Ndithu ofunika tione, makamaka chifukwa zikupezeka kumasulira Russian.