Hero wa Soviet Union Polina Denisovna Osipenko: yonena, zikayenda bwino, mphoto ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Polina Denisovna Osipenko ndi imodzi mwa oimira ochepa wamkazi amene anapatsidwa udindo Hero wa Soviet Union. Amene kum'patsa ulemu mkazi uyu? Tikambirana nkhaniyi.

Childhood ndi unyamata

Kodi chidwi yonena limatiuza? Polina Osipenko anabadwa pa October 8, 1907 m'mudzi wa Novospasovka. Mu banja, kumene anakulira, anabereka ana asanu ndi atatu, popanda yekha, monga mutu wa banja izo ankagwira ntchito wamba, kotero ndalama umoyo wa banja adakwanisa sindingazikwanitse. Chinthu ichi sanalole msungwana wosakwatiwa okonda kuti mukhale ndi maphunziro ambiri - iye anamaliza makalasi awiri okha pa sukulu ya kutchalitchi. Pofuna kuthandiza banja kutuluka ndi mavuto azachuma, mtsikana kuyamba kugwira ntchito ndili wamng'ono kwambiri. Kwa kanthawi anakakhala wantchito, ndipo anakhala wogwira ntchito pafamu.

Ntchito ndi maphunziro

Zitasintha, Osipenko Polina Denisovna ntchito pa famu nkhuku, kumene kunali kukumana wake woyamba ndi loto la kumwamba ndi kutalika. The kugawo tidakocheza ndege, amene amatsogozedwa ndi mtsikana. Zinali fano lake, ndi ankasewera pa malingaliro a zaka makumi awiri ndipo wakhala chitsanzo cha Polina, maloto.

Kufanana kwa Polina Denisovna Osipenko kuphunzira pa bungwe maphunziro maulendo madzulo, ndipo mu 1929 maphunziro Inde mbali ya "mlangizi m'gulu la nkhukuyo." Iye waima panja pa ntchito yake mwakhama ndi luso, kotero patapita nthawi yochepa anakhala mtsogoleri wa gulu munda nkhuku munda.

Ukwati wa heroine ndi tanthauzo lake kuti asankhe moyo wake

1926 anaikidwa ukwati. chosankha kunapezeka kuti woyendetsa zida zankhondo Stepan Govyaz, amene anakhala ndi iye m'mudzi womwewo. Zinali iye amene anakonza mtsikana kupeza maphunziro ku sukulu dzina la lathu Myasnikov nkhondo, ndi specialization waukulu umene unali maphunziro ndi maphunziro ndege.

Mwatsoka, Polina Denisovna Osipenko, yonena limaoneka kwa tcheru chanu m'nkhani, sindinathe kupita ku sukulu iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba. Nthawi zonse kuwunika ndege ndi kuyesetsa kuti zolinga zawo, iye anapita kukagwira ntchito ku chipinda chodyera, ili pa malo ichi. Mabungwe, panali malo ambiri maphunziro, kumene kunali koyenera kuti abweretse chakudya. Ife kwa "aviamashine" U-2. Mu kukhazikitsa oyendetsa ndege deta nthawi analola Polina "kuti kupotoza chiwongolero." Motero, iye anatenga luso lake loyamba kasamalidwe ndege.

Kupeza maluso atsopano piloting yekha imfayo mu chikondi ndi thambo Woman. Chikhumbo ntchentche sanapereke mtendere wa mumtima. Pofuna loto lake mobwerezabwereza apilo ku utsogoleri wa sukulu woyendetsa ndi pempho yopemphera kwa chiwerengero cha ophunzira ake. Chifukwa cha khama lake ndi mankhwala nthawi yake kwa K. E. Voroshilovu, amene anafika pa mfundo kwa iwo, Asipenka akadali akwanitsa kuchita zabwino - anamutengera iye ku sukulu.

Kupambana ndikukhazikitsa maloto aonongeka kulekana Pauline ndi mwamuna wake. Iye anatumidwa kwa dera Rostov ndipo pali anazunzidwa.

Records ndi anamanganso

1933 ikusonyezedwa mu moyo wa Pauline Osipenko mapeto asilikali woyendetsa sukulu. Mu chaka chomwecho izo imatumizidwa nkhondo mayunitsi akuuluka Kharkov, kumene iye anali wokhoza kusonyeza luso lawo lonse. mphamvu yake kulamulira ndege anadabwa ndipo akufuna aliyense mwa 1935 anali kale mkulu. Chikondi kumwamba ndi ndege sizinaimitse mtsikana kumeneko. Pasanapite Polina umasamutsidwa ku Moscow chigawo usilikali, ndipo kenako anakhala Woyang'anira wa Air Force pa General Wogwila.

Izi anamanganso wa opanda mantha anayamba kuchita mu 1937. Mu chaka chimodzi iye anakwanitsa kuswa timva angapo dziko-kutalika Nyamulani ndege. Choyamba, anagonjetsa pa 6 TH. M, chifukwa umboni wa oyendetsa ku Italy Negron. Mu masiku a May 1937 aviator anafika 9 zikwi. M nenagruzhonnom ndege. Patapita masiku awiri Asipenka wapanga kukwaniritsa kalasi dziko, kuyang'ana kuchokera pansi pa 7 TH. M ndi katundu wina, kulemera umene unali 1 tani.

Popeza zimafika zotsatira mu kuwuka mu msinkhu, Osipenko Polina Denisovna - wamkazi woyendetsa - wayamba kuthetsa mtunda apamwamba flights pa intervals yaitali. Ndipo kale mu 1938, oyendetsa kudabwa Asipenka wosangalatsa mbiri ndege mtunda kwa pamapindikira chatsekedwa. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Kliment Voroshilov ulamuliro natenga adalira kwa kutali ndege Polina Osipenko kuchokera kum'mwera mpaka kumpoto. Co-woyendetsa anakhala Vera Lomako ndi kuyenda panyanja Marina Raskova. Ndi mbali imeneyi ya mkazi, ndipo anapanga chintchito chachikulu kugonjetsa chifukwa cha apamwamba ndege yaitali mwachindunji. Kwa maola oposa khumi, ndi katundu tonnes 5.5, iwo anawoloka mtunda wa 2372 Km.

Kuthana ndi njira Far East

Motere kupambana amunamuna a Polina Osipenko ankaona zouluka ku East Asia, umene mtsikanayo wapatsidwa udindo wa woyendetsa chachiwiri. Palibe anali wotsimikiza kuti Pauline angagwirizane ndi zinthu zimenezi, koma mtsikanayo anali ofunika yekha mfundo za ndege, kaya maudindo ndi magulumagulu. Mkulu mu nkhani ino Valentina Grizodubova, amene adatenga nthawi yaitali kwambiri ndipo maphunziro apamwamba mwachindunji Lamulo ndege pa ndege wautali kwambiri kuposa. Marina Raskova anakhalabe malo ake natengedwa Mulingo wa ndege kuyenda panyanja.

Ndege, wotchedwa "kwawo" anagunda msewu September 24, 1938. Tikatero ku Far East, zouluka makina kwa nthawi yaitali anasamukira mwakhungu, chifukwa cha kuchuluka mitambo. Kuyenda panyanja Raskova anatsimikiza malangizo olondola chida yekha. Koma vuto linali osati mu njira ya ndege wolimba. Posakhalitsa mmwamba ndi icing lapansi. Atsikanawo anali kudzapeza wa kasinthasintha wa wononga, ndi cholinga yoyeretsera masamba a ayezi wambirimbiri. Komanso, ndege anaphonya refueling Komsomolsk-na-chifukwa imfa ya kulankhulana ndi chitukuko. Communication ankafunika pambuyo Urals. Pafupi ndi nyanja ya Okhotsk, mu ndege zinagwira moto chizindikiro kuti limatiuza za zotsalira otsika kwambiri a mafuta. Pakuti kuwerengetsera presumptive, tiyenera lakhalapo kwa mphindi zosapitirira 30. Popeza zinthu ziliri, mkulu oyendetsa Valentin Grizodubova anaganiza kumtunda ndege mu nkhalango. ankafika zimenezi zinali zoopsa kwambiri atakhala kutsogolo kwa kuyenda panyanja, kotero Raskova analandira dongosolo kudumpha parachuti a.

The ndege anakwanitsa pamtunda pafupi Amgun. Chifukwa kale anataya n'zotheka kulankhulana ndi pansi, palibe munthu anakhoza ngakhale amati ankafika mfundo ya "kwawo." Kufunafuna ndegeyo akusowa ikuchitika ndi madzi a Baikal pa Nyanja ya Okhotsk. Owoneka ngati mphamvu mpweya, komanso anthu wamba okhala m'midzi yozungulira. Ndege imapezeka wachitatu wa October, iye mawanga ndi imodzi mwa nawo kusaka kwa ndegeyo. bwato anatumidwa akazi kulimbikira ndi mtima amatchedwa "Far East." Zinali iye amene anatola akutchulidwa mu nayonso m'chipululu.

Malipilo kwa sichisinthasinthanso ndi mtima

Ngakhale kuti ife anakumana ndi woyendetsa wolimba, iye anatha kuti atchuke kwa ulendo zina ataliatali. ndege awo anaulukira 6.450 Km, umene ndimachita zotsatira akatswiri m'mbuyomu. Zotsatira zake zinali zoposa 1,500 Km. Ndi kwa mlingo umenewu, ndipo onse atatu anapatsidwa udindo Hero wa Soviet Union.

Pambuyo Asipenka anali allocated ngati chochitika zozizwitsa, iye anali ndi mwayi kukhala mphunzitsi ndi wothandizira oyendetsa womenya.

imfa ya Pauline

Atangoyamba maganizo mbaliza bwino HSU Asipenka Pauline Denisovna analipira chilakolako chake kwa kutalika. Pamodzi ndi Anatoliem Serovym flights izo anachita mwachimbulimbuli imene a ndege ayenera kuuluka ndege kuchokera zashuga chatsekedwa ndi malangizo kwa wina. ngoziyi inkachitika panthawi imene Asipenka watumikira monga mlangizi ndi anaulukira ndege Serov.

dziko wayankha kuti imfa ya maliro heroine-Union. Sam Molotov ananyamula phulusa la Polina Osipenko kuti boma la Russia khoma, kumene iye anayikidwa.

Polina Denisovna Osipenko: mphotho mkazi wamkulu

Mu nthawi yochepa nthawi ya moyo wake Polina Osipenko analandira Magulu awiri a Lenin, yoyamba mpake anamukwatira m'chilimwe cha 1938. Dongosolo la Red Chabwino ndi Mendulo "zaka XX Red Army" anali kupereka.

Kukumbukira heroine, mbasiya kwa mibadwo

Ambiri a misewu ndi njira za m'mizinda osiyana ndi "maina" polemekeza Osipenko pambuyo pa imfa yake.

• Mayi Pauline m'mudzi kuthi dzina latsopano izo zikumveka ngati dzina lake.
• Dzinali zapatsidwa kwa sukulu, monga ndege sukulu ku Odessa ndi Dnepropetrovsk zouluka club.
• Mu Berdyansk ndi chipilala kuti heroine lalikulu.
• M'dera limene iye anaphedwa, ndi obelisk chikumbutso.
• LA Kolesnikov anabweretsa zosiyanasiyana watsopano Lilac ndipo anamutcha dzina lake Polina Osipenko.
• Pauline chipilala mu Kokshetau (Kazakhstan).

Polina Denisovna Osipenko sanali mkazi chabe, iye anali mwamuna wamphamvu, wolimba mtima ndi kufunafuna ndimalota. Izo ndi zomwe zinamuthandiza kukwaniritsa nsonga kwambiri ndipo kukhala mu mitima ya anthu atamwalira.