Grappa: ndi chiyani, kuphika ndi kumwa moyenera bwanji?

Dzuwa la Italy linapatsa dziko lonse mowa kwambiri zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Pakati pawo, malo olemekezeka amakhala ndi grappa. Kodi ndi chiyani, momwe mungakonzekere bwino kunyumba? Kodi pali magulu ati omwe amagwiritsira ntchito mowa wambiri woledzeretsa? Pa izi ndi zina zambiri, osasangalatsa, tidzanena m'nkhani yathu.

Grappa: ndi chiyani? Zakale za mbiriyakale

Ofufuza a ku Italy opambana ndi opangira zakudya amakhala chete ponena za ndani yemwe anali munthu woyamba kubwera ndi mowa wamtundu uwu (mwinamwake, zaka fifitini handiredi zapitazo). Mwachikhalidwe amakhulupirira kuti anthu a ku Sicily adagwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi yotulutsira ku Arabia. Mulimonsemo, mwinamwake, wolemba wa grappa ndi anthu omwe, omwe akhala akuchita viticulture ndi winemaking kwa nthawi yaitali m'malo awa. Mfundo yonse ndi yakuti kupanga vinyo wambiri kumasiyidwa kosakwanira, komwe kunayenera kuchitidwa mwanjira inayake. Ndipo kutaya kunja - ndizomvetsa chifundo, makamaka kuti anthu osauka sangathe kupeza ndalama zoterezo. Kotero panali grappa. Ndi chiyani? Zotsalira za zamkati pamapeto pa kupangidwa kwa wort, peel kuchokera ku mphesa, mafupa, zisa komanso ngakhale masamba pang'ono ndi zimayambira - zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanzeru pogwiritsa ntchito winemaking waste chifukwa cha distillation ya zakumwa zakumwa.

M'mayiko osiyanasiyana, njira yokonzekera zofanana

A French ali ndi chizindikiro, a ku Georgiya ali ndi chacha, a ku Italy ali ndi rappe, a raspe, graspo, grappa. Izi ndizokhesa za mphesa zimatchedwa, zomwe zakhala zikufunika kwenikweni kuwononga zinyalala. Ndizoyambe kutsatiridwa ndi nthunzi, yomwe imapezeka pansi pa kuthamanga kwakukulu. Ndiye chogwiritsidwa ntchito chimapezeka kudzera mu nayonso mphamvu ndi yisiti. Pambuyo pake, mankhwalawa amasungunuka m'zipinda zapadera zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mkuwa (alamibics) kapena m'mizere yokonzanso ndi kupitiriza. Ndipotu, ngati mukukana makhalidwe onse a dziko, grappa ya ku Italy: ndi chiyani? Kwenikweni, zakumwa zomwezo monga chacha wa Chijojiya, mtundu wa Peruvia kapena Chileya wopangidwa ndi mphesa.

Zomwe tili nazo chifukwa cha distillation

Kukoma kwa grappa ndichindunji. Ngakhalenso munthu wosafuna kuwerenga amavutika kuti amusokoneze iye ndi zina. Momwemo "madzi a moto" chifukwa cha distillation ali ndi mphamvu yaikulu - mpaka 80% ndi apamwamba. Koma mu mawonekedwe awa, monga lamulo, siwotenthedwa, koma amadzipangidwira mpaka madigiri 39-55. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti dzina la grappa limaperekedwa kokha ku Italy choyambirira chakumwa, chomwe chimapangidwa ku Italy komanso ku mphesa zapafupi. Kusiyanasiyana kwina kofanana sikungathe ngakhale kutchuka chizindikiro cha padziko lonse. Mtundu uwu wa mowa umatetezedwa ndi mwalamulo (monga, chitsanzo, tequila ya Mexico) - lamulo la Purezidenti wa Italy kuyambira 1997 ndi zofunikira za malonda a European Union kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi malonda.

Kuchotsa dzina

Amakhulupirira kuti dzina lake lakumwa linali kuchokera ku phiri la Grappa (ndi tawuni ya Bassano del Grappa) yomwe ili ku Italy. Koma, monga tanenera kale, mawu amodzimodzi m'Chitaliyana amatanthauzanso mkate wa mphesa.

Kukula kwa chizindikiro

Poyamba, mowa uwu (chifukwa unagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchokera ku zinyalala za viticulture) unali wodalirika chabe wa alimi osavuta komanso osowa zakudya. Koma pang'onopang'ono ogulitsawo anawona momwe angagwiritsire ntchito maluso ndi ndalama, ndipo zakumwa zolimbitsa thupi zikuyamba ulendo wawo wapadziko lonse. Ndipo mwamsanga grappa sichinthu chirichonse, koma katundu ndi kunyada kwa dziko la Italy! Kuwonjezeka ndi chiwerengero cha kusiyana kwake. Pofuna kuwongolera kukoma, opanga dziko anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mikate yochepetsetsa, yomwe madzi ake amakhala oposa 40 peresenti! Ndipo mphamvu ya zakumwayo inachepetsedwa kukhala madigiri 35-45, ndikutsatira zolinga zomwezo. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri, kunali kofunikira kuteteza mosamala ufulu wa zakumwa za mphesa. Ndipo kale palibe wina mu dziko pakati pa odziwa zoona za mowa woyambirira alibe funso lopanda pake: "Grappa - ndi chiyani ichi?".

Kumwa grappa

Mwa njira, ku Italy palokha palinso chizolowezi chomwa zakumwa ichi osati mwa mawonekedwe ake enieni. Kotero anthu ena amayamba mmawa wawo ndi chikho cha espresso, chomwe chikuwonjezeredwa ndi grappa. Chomwe chimatchedwa caffee corretto (kukonzedwa khofi).

Chikondwerero

Nanga ndikumwa bwanji grappa molondola? Zakumwa - digest, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ku Italy ndizozoloŵera kuzigwiritsa ntchito mutatha kudya chakudya chamadzulo (mosiyana ndi aperitifs, omwe amadya kwambiri asanadye). Zidzakhala zolakwika kuti ndizimwa zakumwa zozizira kwambiri (monga Russian vodka), kuzizira. Izi zimamulepheretsa kufotokozera zokoma ndi zokoma zake zonse. Kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tidzakhala madigiri 8-10 pamwamba pa zero. Ndipo pamwambapa sikovomerezeka kutenthetsa - kuti tisamawonjezere kukoma ndi zakumwa za mowa. Zigwiritsiro zowonjezereka ziyenera kudyedwa pa kutentha kwa madigiri 15-18. Kotero iwo ndi okoma kwambiri ndi onunkhira. Mwa njirayi, chifukwa cha zolinga izi, ambiri amalonda amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito miyala ya kachasu (kuti asungitse kutentha komwe kumafunidwa komanso panthawi yomweyo kuti asamatsitsire madzi otentha). Kenaka zakumwa zimatulutsa mfundo zovuta za mphesa za ku Italy, nyanja, dzuwa ndi mphepo. Kulawa oyambirira omwe sanadziwidwepo pa nkhani ya "Grappa: chomwe chiri, momwe angamweretse mtundu wa mphesa wamtundu uwu" akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro osavutawa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito.

Kodi mungatsanulire chiyani?

Grappa iyenera kutumizidwa mu sniffers (magalasi apadera a magalasi) kapena m'magalasi a vinyo polawa tulips. Magalasi "Wachikondi" chifukwa cha kumwa vinyo woyera wa Rhine akugwirizana. Ataliyana nthawi zina, monga adanenera kale, amagwiritsira ntchito ngakhale makapu a khofi, kuwonjezera grappa pamenepo. Koma amakhulupirira kuti kuti mumvetsetse bwino kukoma kwake - komanso chofunika kwambiri - kukoma kwa mphesa kwakumwa, muyenera kugwira pansi pa tsinde la galasi ndikuwombera pang'ono pamwamba, ndikupuma pang'ono.

Kunyumba

Winemaker aliyense wa kunyumba yemwe amadziwa zomwe distillation amachita, amatha kumwa mowa ngati grappa. Maphunziro odya pambuyo pa mankhwala anu adzakhala abwino komanso okhutira ngati mukutsatira malamulo ochepa chabe, chifukwa izi ndizo - ochepa chabe-mowa, ndipo palibe chovuta kukonzekera!

Timafunikira malita 10 a keke ya mphesa mumtundu umodzi wa madzi, 5 kilogalamu ya shuga, 25 malita a madzi oyeretsedwa, 100 magalamu a yisiti chifukwa cha vinyo, kuti apeze grappa yoyenera ndi yokoma. Kodi mungaphike bwanji panyumba pang'onopang'ono?

1. Kukula kofiira sikuli kovunda, mitundu ya mphesa iyenera kukhala yowonjezereka, kuti ukhale wobiriwira.
2. Mu chidebe cha lita-50, timayika milu. Madzi amasungunuka kufika madigiri 30-32 ndipo amasungunuka shuga. Kusakaniza kumatsanulira mu chidebe.
3. Mkate wa vinyo umasungunuka pamadzi pang'ono ofunda (koma osati otentha, ndiyeno yisiti ikhoza kufa). Onjezani ku mbale ku misa wathunthu. Sakanizani wort.
4. Kenaka kuthira kwayeso kumayambira (masabata 3-4 m'malo otentha). Braga iyenera kuyera bwino.
5. Komanso, timadya mobwerezabwereza monga brew, kuchotsa mitu ndi michira. Kwa "nkhalango yamisozi", mungathe kukonza distillation iwiri.
6. Kenaka, chakumwa chiyenera kusungidwa mu mbiya yamtengo wapatali (koma mungagwiritse ntchito zipangizo zina zowonongeka, mwachitsanzo, thumba lachiko) kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo mungagwiritse ntchito!