German nzeru chakale

German nzeru chakale - nzeru ya 18 mochedwa ndi wachitatu zoyambirira za m'ma 19 ukufanizidwa ndi amenewa nzeru ena otchuka German monga Kant, Hegel, Feuerbach, Schelling, amene ankati za tanthauzo la moyo. German nzeru chakale ndi yosaiwalika mu chitukuko cha ganizo ndi akatswiri nzeru ambiri. maganizo amenewa zachitika ndipo anapitiriza mfundo za masiku ano, amene ankati umunthu, chikhulupiriro mphamvu malire chifukwa anthu ndi ufulu payekha. The kupeza zofunika kwambiri nzeru za izi ndi dialectical nzeru za Hegel, amene wolungama chitukuko wosatha wa dziko.

German nzeru chakale wakhala anasonyeza onse mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha anthu capitalist ndi chenicheni cha mbali mbiri ya Germany panthawi imeneyo. The bourgeoisie, amene ideologists anali oimira onse a nzeru German chakale, lagged utsalira mayiko a ku Ulaya mu chitukuko komanso umoyo ndi zachuma ndale. Ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti Germany mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 18 sanali boma lonse, ndi unagawidwa 300 mayunitsi osiyana mwayekha, ndipo ena anali ochepa. Msika capitalist anali mu Chiyambi chake.

Ubwino wa bourgeoisie ku Germany amadalira kotheratu mkulu wa olemekezeka ndi Korona, zosowa kundipatsako kwa asilikali. Meekly Mliri ndondomeko mchira, iye anali ofooka ndi melancholic. Amene bwino ndithu anasonyeza nzeru German.

Oimira nzeru chakale m'mabuku awo wolankhula za chikhalidwe wapawiri wa bourgeoisie mu Germany, amanyengerera ake ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale otsutsana.

German nzeru chakale anali zimasiyana kwambiri ndi nzeru zina Europe. Choncho France ntchito akatswiri unatenthedwa, ndi nzeru ena okha kumangidwa Bastille. Ndipo mu Germany, ngakhale criticality wake wa olamulira ndi ukali wa kulingalira nzeru zaumunthu, nzeru ena mwakachetechete lofalitsidwa ntchito zawo, amene sanali choletsedwa, anaphunzitsa ku mayunivesite ndipo anazindikira akuthandizeni achinyamata German. Ngakhale, ngakhale chidani chawo boma, iwo sanali kumenyana naye ndi mabungwe ake. Afilosofi idealist aona kuti Germany ndi kwadzaoneni zomwe zikutsalirazi kumbuyo m'mayiko ena otukuka, pamene otsala akale mabungwe ake.

Kufufuza ndi Hegel njira dialectical mosavuta ntchito nthawi iliyonse ndi mphamvu olamulira. Aphunzitsi kwakukulu pa University Berlin ndipo posakhalitsa analandira.

Hegel alidi lalikulu ndi zofunika woimira nzeru German, dialectic njira anayamba pamaziko a chabe. Iye akufotokozera lingaliro la dziko monga mfundo yofunika, chomwenso ndi osauka zochitika zosiyanasiyana za mfundo imeneyi ndiponso ndondomeko mbiri. Hegel ananena kuti cholingachi anayamba mu magawo atatu ndipo aliyense siteji ali fomu yake. Pa mfundo imeneyi, nzeru Hegelian lagawidwa m'magawo 3: mfundo, nzeru za chikhalidwe ndi nzeru za malingaliro.

Nzeru za anthu, mzimu wa Hegel amaona chikhalidwe ndi tanthauzo lake. Ndipo aziona luso Pokhala mfundo zithunzi ndi tanthauzo konkire. Kutsogolera luso m'mene pachikhalidwe zomangamanga.

zomangamanga German wa aang'ono Gothic kale kale chimake cha mzimu German. Ngakhale kunyumba ndi Gothic kumpoto France, mwamsanga kufalitsa mu Europe Central.

Cologne Cathedral ndi kulenga anachita ku Germany ku French Gothic. Ngati French aang'ono Gothic zinamangidwa mu kalembedwe chomwecho, kusiyana aang'ono, Cologne Cathedral ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi ena onse. Ngakhale patapita nthawi yaitali kuposa ambiri apeza ntchito yomanga tchalitchi, dzinali lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito ku nyumba yatsopano ya kalembedwe Gothic.