Gothic tchalitchi - mapulani ukulu wa akale ganizo

Gothic kalembedwe unachokera mu France, kumene m'zaka XII, izo m'malo mwa Romanesque. Kenako, iye anaphimba onse a Ulaya mpaka Kubadwa Kwatsopano, patatha zaka zinayi, osati anakankhira izo. Kalembedwe Gothic unkagwiritsidwa ntchito onse akale luso: kujambula othimbirira galasi, buku kakang'ono, Zojambula pakhoma ndi zosemasema. Koma lathunthu ambiri anasonyeza ukulu wake pa zomangamanga mpingo. Gothic tchalitchi cha chi yodziwika ndi wapakamwa kukongoletsa, mizati, osiyanasiyana papezeka-galasi mawindo, ndi arches ndi zisonga pamwamba, ndi khalidwe yopapatiza ndipo ndi wamtali nsanja. Makoma ndi madenga ali chokongoletsedwa ndi ziboliboli zokongola anaphedwa zolengedwa lanthano. Manda ambiri otchuka wa Gothic angapezeke pa madera a mayiko awiri European - France ndi Spain.

Gothic kotala wa Barcelona

Izi ndi mbali wamkulu wa mzinda lodziwika bwino ndi malo otchuka kwambiri alendo wa Barcelona. Kubwera kuno ndi kukaona ngale chigawo - Cathedral Gothic tchalitchi (XIII-XV m'ma) - ndi mwano.

Kungoyenda m'misewu kumulowetsa a kotala, mukhoza kuona mabwinja a mpanda wa Aroma, tchalitchi tchalitchi cha Lady za chifundo, Mabwinja wa Palace ya Octavian Augustus, Aroma mpingo wa XIV m'ma Santa Maria del ku Pihahiroti ndi Royal Palace, pamene mafumu ake anatumikira olamulidwa ndi Chiwerengero cha Barcelona ndi Mfumu ya Aragon. Ataona nyumba zikuluzikulu zakale, mukhoza kuyenda mwa Royal Square ndi St. James Square. Patapita maulendo zotopetsa koma chidwi alendo ngati mumzinda anatumiza luso-cabaret "Zinayi Amphaka". Ndi wotchuka okha mbiri yake komanso wake alendo otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse. Apa ankakonda kusiya Pablo Pikasso ndi bwenzi lake Antonio Gaudi, Rusinol, Isaac Albéniz, Ramon Casas ndi Gonzalez.

French aang'ono Gothic

Ntchito lapadera kwambiri akale mapulani luso France anazindikira aang'ono a Chartres, Amiens, chimam'kwiyitsa, Reims ndipo, ndithudi, Paris. Mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti oyambirira Gothic nyumba unali mpingo wa Saint-Denis. ntchito yake walenga Abbot Suger. Pamene ankamanga ake anamuchotsa ndi kuchuluka kwa zogwiriziza ndipo Mkati mwake. Poti mpingo wakhala kwambiri wachisomo poyerekeza ndi nyumba achipembedzo cha kalembedwe Romanesque, amene nthaŵi zina amatchedwa "mpanda wolimba wa Mulungu."

Gothic Cathedral wa Chartres, ili 90 Km from Paris, anamanga pa malo ya mpingo wakale, amene cholowa - Woyera Virgin Mary angabise kusungidwa ndi zaka 876 - Anam'samutsira Cathedral wa Chartres Dame. Dziko wotchuka Reims Cathedral alendo kudzacheza zifukwa ziwiri zazikulu. Choyamba, ndi nthumwi ya High kalembedwe Gothic kuyambira heyday wake, ndipo kachiwiri, ndi malo kwa zaka zambiri anali korona pafupifupi onse mafumu French. Otchuka Gothic tchalitchi cha Notre-Dame de A Paris Sikuti kuimira. wotchuka chake mu dziko ndi ntchito zake "Notre Dame de A Paris" Viktor Gyugo mu zoyambirira za m'ma lomaliza. Kachisi wa Chifukwa, iye anapatsidwa dzina mu French kuukira boma, iye anamangidwa zaka mazana angapo. Chaka chilichonse kukaona mwa anthu 14 miliyoni. Ambiri a iwo amakonda kupita pafupi mmodzi wa tiakachisi chachikulu cha Akristu onse pa dziko - chisoti cha minga wa Yesu Khristu, amene anali mu tchalitchi ku August 18, 1239.