George Blake: mbiri, zochititsa chidwi komanso zithunzi

George Blake ali ndi zaka 93. Iye amayenda ndi ndodo ndipo ali pafupi wakhungu, koma akupitiriza kuvala ndi kukoma ndipo ali ndi malingaliro apadera. Mwamuna uyu, yemwe akukhala kumene ku dacha pafupi ndi Moscow, akhoza kulakwitsa chifukwa cha anthu wamba omwe amakhala mumudziwu. Komabe, ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zochititsa chidwi kwambiri m'mbiri yonse ya azondi.

George Blake, wapolisi wa ku England, anali wothandizira kawiri kwa zaka zoposa 20. Anapereka chidziwitso chachinsinsi ku USSR, chomwe chinasokoneza mapulani angapo a British ndipo chinapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri a ku Britain adziwe. Mu 1961, George Blake anamangidwa chifukwa cha zigawenga ndipo adaweruzidwa kundende zaka 42. Komabe, patatha zaka zisanu, iye adathawa. Blake anathawira ku Russia, kumene adakali moyo. Kodi mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za George Blake? Chithunzi chake ndi biography, zomwe zafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi, zidzakufotokozerani munthu wokondweretsa uyu.

Chiyambi cha George Blake

Choyamba, tiyeni tifotokoze mwachidule chiyambi cha msilikali wanzeru wa Chingerezi, yemwe ali wokhumba kwambiri. George Blake anabadwa pa November 11, 1922. Bambo ake anali mbadwa ya Constantinople, wamalonda Albert William Bekhar, ndi amayi ake - Kareyeva Ida Mikhailovna. Zaka za mtengo wa banja dzina lake Béjar, womwe ndi wa Aristocracy, uli ndi zaka zoposa 600. M'zaka za m'ma 500, makolo a Albert Bekhar ankakhala ku Spain ndi ku Portugal, omwe adali ndi chuma komanso malonda. M'zaka za zana la 15, Isaac Abravanel, mmodzi wa iwo, adatumikira monga mtumiki wa zachuma pansi pa Mfumu Aragon Ferdinand V. Patapita kanthawi banja linasamukira ku Turkey ndi ku Egypt.

Albert Behar pa nthawi yoyamba nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse ku Flanders kumbali ya asilikali a Britain. Analandira udindo wa captain, kangapo anavulazidwa, adalandira mphoto zambiri za nkhondo. Albert Behar anatumikira kwa nthawi yaitali ndi Field Marshal Haig ku likulu la asilikali. Mu 1919, anakumana ku London ndi Katarina Gertruda Beyderllen, wachidatchi wokongola kwambiri. Banja lake linalinso lodziwika. M'zaka za zana la 17 anapatsa Netherlands zizindikiro zingapo ndi akuluakulu a tchalitchi. Katarina ndi Albert analenga banja. Iwo anakwatirana pa January 16, 1922 ku London ndipo anakakhala ku Rotterdam. Makolo amatchula mwana woyamba George kuti alemekeze George V. M'banja mwathu George atabadwa ana aakazi awiri - Adele ndi Elizabeth.

Ubwana

Matenda a Albert Behar adakula kwambiri mu 1935, ndipo posakhalitsa adamwalira. George, atamwalira bambo ake, anali ndi azakhali ake ku Cairo kwa zaka zitatu, kumene anaphunzira ku sukulu ya Chingerezi. Ali m'nyumba mwake, anapanga ubwenzi ndi mwana wake Henri Kurel, yemwe ankati ndi chikomyunizimu. Pambuyo pake, munthu uyu anakhala mmodzi mwa omwe anayambitsa chipani cha Communist Party of Egypt. Lingaliro la Henri Kurel linakhudza kwambiri maganizo a George.

Holland anakwanitsa kupeŵa kugwira ntchito ndi Ajeremani panthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse. Chiyembekezo cha kupambana kwatsopano chinasungidwa mu 1939. Komabe, mu Meyi chaka chotsatira, a paratroopers ochokera ku Germany adadula misewu pakati pa The Hague ndi Rotterdam. Zitatero, matanki a ku Germany anasamukira kumidzi iyi kuchokera kumalire akummawa kwa dzikoli. Mapulanetiwo anaphulika mzindawo ndi doko. Kuchokera ku Rotterdam kunali mabwinja okha.

Kumanga ndi kuthawa kumsasa

A Gestapo adadziŵa kuti George Behar, yemwe panthawiyo anali ndi zaka 17, ndi British. Nthawi yomweyo anamangidwa ndipo anaikidwa kumsasa kumpoto kwa Amsterdam. M'madera ano anthu achifransi ndi achizungu omwe anagwidwa (azisamba) adasungidwa.

George wazaka 18, mu August 1940, anathaŵa pamsasa uno, akuyang'aniridwa ndi asilikali a SS. Anthony Beyderwell, amalume ake a George, adapeza malo amene munthu wothawirako angabise kwa SS. Blake posakhalitsa anayamba kutumikira monga mgwirizano m'modzi mwa magulu a Dutch Resistance, omwe anagwirizana ndi gulu lachinsinsi la Dutch ndi British intelligence.

Kusamukira ku England, kusintha dzina ndi ntchito ku MI6

Pa tsiku la kuukiridwa, alongo ndi amayi (a chithunzi apafupi, George ndi amayi ake) adatha kupita ku England. Iwo ali ndi mipando pa British kuwononga, mmodzi wa iwo omwe anafika kuti achoke mu boma la Dutch ndi banja lachifumu kwa Hook van Holland.

George mu 1942 anakakamizika kuchoka ku Holland. Mu 1943, kudzera ku Spain ndi France, anafika ku England. Apa iye anasintha dzina lake kukhala Blake. George analembera ku Royal Navy monga wodzipereka. Kwa nthawi yochepa adatumikira m'zombo zapamadzi, ndipo adayamba kugwira ntchito ya British Foreign Intelligence Service (MI6).

Akuluakulu a nzeru amayenera kudziwa chinenero chawo ndi malingaliro awo kuti athe kutenga nawo mbali mu Cold War. Choncho, utsogoleri wa MI6 unawaphunzitsa Chirasha ndi zofunikira za chiphunzitso cha chikomyunizimu. Chiphunzitso ichi chinagwirizana ndi zikhulupiriro zachikristu za George. Mu 1947, anatumizidwa ku Cambridge kuti akaphunzire mwakuya Chirasha.

Utumiki ku Korea

Patapita chaka, mu October 1948, George Blake anatumizidwa ku Korea. Mbiri yake ikupitiriza ndi tsamba latsopano losangalatsa. Imodzi mwa ntchito zomwe anakumana nazo ndi kulengedwa kwa makampani a MI6 ku Soviet Primorye Territory. Mu June 1950, nkhondo inayamba pakati pa South Korea ndi North Korea. George analimbikitsidwa kugwira ntchito ku North Korea malinga ngati izi zitheka. Patapita nthawi, boma la Britain linaganiza zotumiza asilikali kuti azithandiza South Korea. Kenaka anthu a ku North Korea anaganiza zopita nawo kwa abusa, kuphatikizapo Blake. Iwo anaikidwa mu ndende ya msasa wa nkhondo.

Njira yatsopano ya Blake

Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1951, chidutswachi chinachokera ku Soviet Embassy ku North Korea. Linaphatikizapo mabuku otsatirawa: "State ndi Revolution" ya Lenin, "Capital" ya Marx ndi "The Treasure Island" ya Stevenson. Choncho KGB inachititsa kuti anthu odwalawo azigwira ntchito.

George Blake, scout, nthawi imeneyo anali pafupi kukonzekera njira yatsopano. George anali akuganiza kale zogwirizana ndi kayendedwe ka communism. Ankafuna kugwira ntchito yofalitsa anthu atabwerera ku England. Komabe, njira ina idatseguka kwa iye - kukhala ku MI6 ndi kutumiza uthenga wokhudza ntchito zopangidwa ndi nzeru za British ku USSR. Blake anaganiza zosankha.

Kupyolera mu mndende woteteza msilikali wa ku North Korea, George adapereka kalata kwa a Embassy Soviet, kumene anapempha msonkhano ndi nthumwi ya KGB. Pamsonkhano uwu, adapatsidwa mgwirizano. Chikhalidwe chake chinali kupereka zowonjezera pa ntchito zamagulu a Great Britain kutsutsana ndi mayiko achikominisi. Kugwirizana sikunaperekedwe.

Kumvetsera ku zokambirana za nkhondo ndi kusamutsa deta zofunika

Mu 1953, atatha zaka zitatu ali muukapolo, George Blake, wolembedwa ndi Soviet intelligence service, anayenda kudutsa USSR ku London. Pano anakhala wotsogoleli wamkulu wa dipatimentiyi, akumvetsera zokambirana za usilikali, zomwe zinkachitidwa ndi a Russia ku Austria. Kumvetsera kunkachitika mwa kugwirizana ndi zingwe za nkhondo. George anapereka uthenga wofunikira kwa woyang'anira wake, kukhazikitsa chiyanjano naye.

Atachoka ku Austria, asilikaliwa anaganiza zopitanso ku Berlin. Pa nthawi yomweyo, amagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zitatu za Soviet, zomwe zinayandikira pafupi ndi malire a chigawo cha America. Chilolezo cha CIA chinafunikila. Idayamba kulipira ndalama ntchitoyi.

George Blake anapatsa anthu a Soviet ntchito yomanga mapulogalamuwo, pamene chigawochi chinayamba kukonzedwa. Kuwonjezera pa chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi ngalandeyi, George anapereka mfundo zofunika zokhudzana ndi ntchito zina motsutsana ndi USSR ndi othandizira ake.

Kuopsa komwe kulipo pa Blake

Nzeru za ku Britain mu 1960 zinatumiza Blake ku Lebanoni kukaphunzira Chiarabu. George ankafuna kugwiritsira ntchito ku Middle East komwe kuli MI6. Mutu wake, Nicholas Elliot, adamuitana m'chaka cha 1961 ndipo adanena kuti George Blake adayitanidwa ku London, komwe adakambirana za ntchito yatsopano. Panthawiyo ku Middle East kunali zovuta kwambiri. Choncho, kuchotsa msilikali wanzeru ku London popanda chifukwa kunali kosatheka. Inkafuna chilolezo cha sitima ya KGB. Izo sizinali zotetezeka, chifukwa Blake George akanakhoza pa nthawi imeneyo kuwerengedwa ndi anzeru. Komabe, Blake analimbikitsidwa kuti abwerere ku London, pamene Moscow sapeza chifukwa chodandaula.

Kumangidwa chifukwa cha ziwanda

Blake anapatsidwa ndi Mikhail Golenievsky, wapolisi wa ku Poland yemwe anali ndi udindo waukulu. Anathamangira ku America, kutenga nawo zikalata zofunika. Mmodzi wa iwo adanena kuti pali malo omwe amachokera ku Soviet komwe amakhala ku Berlin ku SNA. Chipepalachi chinali chinsinsi ndipo chinali ndi gawo lochepa kwambiri. Ena mwa omwe analandira anali Blake George. Mkati mwa SNA, gulu laling'ono linakhazikitsidwa kuti lifufuze za ziphuphuzo. Chifukwa cha miyezi itatu ya ntchito, zinatsimikiziridwa kuti Blake ndi amene anayambitsa.

George anamangidwa ku London. Kufunsidwa kunachitikira ku likulu la MI6. Tsiku loyamba, George Blake, wapolisi wa ku England, anaimbidwa mlandu wotsutsa. Madzulo George adamasulidwa kuti adzakumane ndi amayi ake, ndipo mafunsowa adayambiranso. Dick White, CEO wa MI6, adachita nawo.

Khoti ndi kundende

Blake adavomereza kuti anagwira ntchito yofufuza USSR. Iye adanena kuti adazichita osati potsutsidwa ndi chiopsezo, kuopseza kapena kuzunza, koma chifukwa cha zifukwa. Ndiye Blake anatumizidwa ku Scotland Yard. Mu May 1961, chiyeso chinachitika, pamene George anaweruzidwa zaka 42 m'ndende.

Blake anakumana ndi Patrick Pottle ndi Michael Randle, mamembala a Movement for Peace ndi Nuclear Weapons, omwe anauziridwa ndi Bertrand Russell, wafilosofi wa Chingerezi. Analandira miyezi 18 m'ndende chifukwa chokonzekera komanso kuchita nawo chionetsero ku US military base ku England. Patrick Pottle ndi Michael Randall anatsutsa kupha mabomba ndi nyukiliya.

Kukonzekera kuthawa

Mgwirizano wa pakati pa George ndi akuluakulu awiriwa unakhazikitsa mgwirizano. Iwo ankamumvera chisoni Blake, ndipo ankakhulupirira kuti zaka 42 m'ndende anali mawu opanda pake. Mu 1963, masiku angapo asanamasulidwe, adanena kuti anali okonzeka kumuthandiza ngati atasankha kuthawa. Tsopano Blake ankadziwa kuti anali ndi abwenzi omwe, mofunika, anali ndi anthu ambiri oganiza bwino.

Sean Burke, mnyamata wa ku Ireland, anali membala wa mndandanda wamakalata wolembedwa m'ndende. Anadziwanso bwino Pottle ndi Randall. Sean Burke anaweruzidwa zaka 8 pomutumizira bomba kwa wapolisi, yemwe Sean ankamukhulupirira. Bomba linaphulika ndipo khitchini ya apolisi inawonongedwa. Komabe, woyang'anira wa dongosololi sanapweteke. Blake ndi Burke anali ndi abwenzi, ndipo George patapita kanthawi anaganiza kuti bwenzi lake lidzakhala lothandizira kuti awathandize. Iye anali wodabwitsa, wolimba mtima, wanzeru, ndipo mawu ake anali akufika kumapeto.

Kuchokera kachiwiri kwa Blake

Burke atatulutsidwa, adakambirana ndi Pottle ndi Randle, omwe adagwirizana naye. Anapeza ndalama zofunika kuti agwire ntchitoyi. Burke anatsimikiza kugula walkie-talkie ndikumutumiza kundende Blake kupyolera mwa chinsinsi. Panthawi imeneyo, ngakhale oyang'anira kapena apolisi a ndende analibe nazo, motero pa wailesi, George anakhalabe olankhulana momasuka ndi bwenzi lake. Burke anakonza zoti Blake atuluke m'ndendemo, ndipo Pottle ndi Randle anali kuyang'anira nyumba yosungirako malo komwe angabisale, komanso kuti achoke m'dzikoli mu miyezi iwiri m'galimoto yoyendera alendo komwe Randall anaika mkazi wake ndi ana ake aamuna awiri kuti akhale okwera. Ndondomekoyi inali yopambana: Blake anabweretsedwa ku Berlin. Apa iye anayambitsa kugwirizana ndi nzeru za Soviet.

Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti nyumba imene Blake anali kubisala inali kutali ndi ndende. George ankayang'aniridwa ndi akatswiri odziwa zambiri, koma palibe amene analola kuti akhale naye pafupi. Blake ngakhale akuloledwa, usiku wina, akuyika maluwa a chrysanthemums mpaka pakhomo la ndende pokumbukira kumasulidwa kwake. Pasanapite nthawi, pa January 7, 1967, anathawira ku Hamburg, ndipo opolisi a KGB anamutengera ku likulu la Russia.

Bukhu ndi tsogolo la Sean Burke

Sean Burke mu 1970 adafalitsa buku, pomwe adafotokozera zochitika zake. Iye anangosintha pang'ono mayina a Pottle ndi Randle m'nkhani yake, ndipo adawafotokozera zambiri zokhudza iwo, kotero kuti akuluakulu a boma la Britain adziwe kuti iwo adatha kupulumuka. Koma anaganiza kuti asamange, popeza zinali zopindulitsa kwa akuluakulu a boma kuti anthu amakhulupirira kuti KGB, osati gulu la anthu ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, adakonza zopulumuka.

Sean Burke, yemwe anali ndi zofooka za zakumwa zoledzeretsa, anakhazikika ku Ireland. Iye anali kuseketsa ndi ndalama zomwe analandira kwa bukhulo. Sean Burke anakhala chidakwa ndipo anamwalira mu 1970 ali wamng'ono komanso wosauka.

George Blake: moyo ku Moscow

Tsogolo la Sean Burke linali lowawa. Mosiyana ndi iye, George Blake anakhala wotchuka. Pambuyo pa mlandu, dziko lonse linamuzindikira. George Blake, yemwe kale anali msilikali wa ku Britain, anali ku Soviet Union patatha miyezi ingapo atathawa. Blake anasudzula mkazi wake, yemwe anabala ana ake atatu, ndipo anayamba moyo watsopano. Atasamukira ku USSR, adagwira ntchito ku IMEMO monga wothandizira kufufuza dzina lake Bekhter Georgiy Ivanovich.

Zofunikira za George zinadziwika ndi boma. Anapatsidwa malo omasuka ku Moscow ndi dacha, penshoni ya apolisi a KGB inapatsidwa ndalama. Kuwonjezera apo, adalandira udindo wa koloneli wa nzeru zamayiko akunja, adapatsidwa chikalata cha Order of the Red Banner ndi Lenin, ndipo adapatsidwa mphoto zina zambiri.

Mu 1990, adafalitsa mbiri yake ya mbiri George Blake ("Palibe chosankha"). Mwa njira, iyi si buku lake lokha lokhalokha. Mu 2005, analemba George Blake ("Wall Wall"). Kwa bukhu ili mu 2007 adapatsidwa mwayi wa Foreign Intelligence Service wa Russian Federation.

November 11, 2012. Vladimir Putin adathokoza George Blake pa tsiku lakumwalira kwake. Telegalamu ya pulezidenti imati George nthawi zonse ankatha kuthetsa ntchito zomwe anapatsidwa.

Blake ali 93 tsopano. Iye akukhalabe ku Moscow, amasangalala kuwerenga mabuku a mbiri yakale, njinga zamoto, nyimbo zamakono (Vivaldi, Mozart, Handel, Bach). George Blake akadali wotsimikiza kokakomisti. England imamuimba mlandu wotsutsa boma, koma amakana zotsutsazi ndipo amatsindika kuti sanamvepo kukhala dziko lino. Malinga ndi Blake, kugwa kwa USSR sikukutanthauza kuti lingaliro la chikominisi ndilosavuta kapena loipa. Amakhulupirira kuti anthu sanamwalire.