Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky: buku la zisanu

Lingaliro la "mabuku asanu" limabwereranso ku Baibulo ndipo limatanthawuza mabuku asanu - magawo asanu, omwe matanthauzo ake kwa anthu ndi ovuta kuwunika kwambiri, pakuti ndiwo chiyambi cha vumbulutso laumulungu kwa munthu. Ndipo kodi "buku lalikulu la Dostoevsky" ndi chiyani? Timamvetsetsa pamodzi ndi udindo wake komanso zofunikira pa zolemba.

Dostoevsky ndi Choonadi

Ndisanati ndiyambe kunena za mabuku omwe Dostoevsky analemba (mabuku asanu), ine ndikufuna kunena mawu pang'ono ponena za umunthu wa wolembayo. N'zosatheka kukana chiwerengero cha Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. Ntchito yake yakhala yosatha yosakafukufuku wa sayansi ndikupeza akatswiri a zinenero, akatswiri olemba mabuku, akatswiri a nzeru zapamwamba, akatswiri a maganizo, ojambula mafilimu ndi ena ambiri kwa zaka zana limodzi ndi makumi asanu. Zonsezi zikunena za luso la wolemba, koma koposa - kuti mpaka lero, chinsinsi chachikulu cha umunthu wake, moyo wake makamaka mawu ake sanathetse. Komabe, sizingatheke, siziyenera kuthetsedwa, chifukwa zili ndi choonadi, pamwamba pake, ngati madzi oundana, zimatseguka diso, ndipo mbali yamadzi ndi yosamvetsetseka. Koma ndizosamvetsetseka kuti chidziwitso cha choonadi cha Dostoevsky ndizofunika kwambiri. Iye, monga mawu ake osamvetsetseka, akulowetsa kupyolera mu malingaliro ndi kumverera, amapereka kuvutika kwakukulu ndi chisangalalo chachikulu, ndikuwulula moyo wa munthu kwa Mulungu. Pambuyo pake, komanso pambuyo pa mabuku a Fyodor Mikhailovich, makamaka pambuyo pa mabuku a mabuku asanu, n'zosatheka kukhala chimodzimodzi. Kodi ichi si vumbulutso la Mulungu?

Mfundo zazikulu

Timapitiriza kulankhula za ntchito zomwe Dostoevsky analemba (mabuku asanu). Kodi chimagwirizanitsa mabuku awa? Choyamba, izo zinalembedwa motsatizana mu nthawi yotsiriza ya moyo wa wolemba kuyambira 1866 mpaka 1880. Zowonjezera komanso zofunika kwambiri, zimachokera ku malingaliro awiri - Mulungu ndi Russia. Sitikutha kunena kuti Fyodor Mikhailovich sanayankhe mafunsowa kale. M'malo mwake, iye anawanyamula kwa nthawi yaitali, "anaima", anafuna mawonekedwe abwino kuti awonekere, kufikira, potsiriza, "Uphungu ndi Chilango" zinayambira - buku loyamba la mndandanda wakuti "Bukhu Lalikulu Lalikulu la Dostoevsky" (mndandanda umatsatira). Koma izi sizinalepheretse kufufuza. Wolemba wamkulu akufutukula ndikupita kumbali ina. Zotsatira zake, buku latsopano, "Idiot", limamasulidwa. Dostoevsky mwiniwake adanena kuti sadakondwere ndi buku lake, popeza sadatchule gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi mwa zomwe adazipeza mu moyo wake. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo sanatsutse izi, ndipo adazikonda, ndipo anapitiriza kufunafuna ungwiro ...

Ulendo watsopano

Timapitirizabe mndandanda wamabuku omwe ali m'mabuku asanu a Dostoevsky, mwadongosolo. Mu 1872, buku la "The Possessed" linawonekera, limene wolembayo adali ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu. Mmenemo adafuna kuona mfundo zake zokhazokha, ngakhale atagwiritsa ntchito luso lojambulajambula. Pambuyo pake ntchito iyi idzaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zake zofunikira kwambiri, buku lochenjeza, ulosi watsopano, umene, mwatsoka, udzakwaniritsidwa.

Komanso m'magazini "Otechestvennye zapiski" buku la "Achinyamata" (1875) lafalitsidwa. Ndipo akumaliza nkhanizi, zomwe Dostoevsky analemba (mabuku asanu), ntchito yofunika kwambiri ndi yamphamvu ndi Abale Karamazov (1880). Chifukwa cha iye, adagwira ntchito kwa zaka ziwiri, ndipo mmenemo, malinga ndi olemba mabuku, anali ndi lingaliro limodzi - magawo a "kukula kwauzimu kwa munthu." Malinga ndi wolemba, munthu aliyense, ndi Dostoevsky sali osiyana, mwa njira imodzi amatha kupyolera mu magawo atatu otsatizana pakupanga umunthu - kusakhazikika (Dmitry), kukana Mulungu (Ivan), kukonda kwambiri zauzimu (Alesha).

Anthu otchulidwa kwambiri

Kodi ndani akuganiza za Dostoevsky? Anthu otchulidwa m'nkhanizi, olembedwa ndi Dostoevsky (mabuku asanu), ndi anthu wamba, kuyesetsa kukhala osangalala. Koma mosiyana ndi "mnyamata" wa Pushkin ndi Gogol, amwini amenewa, ophunzira ndi olemekezeka ali odzaza ndi kudzipereka kuti asinthe okha ndi dziko lozungulira. Chisangalalo mukumvetsetsa kwawo si chisangalalo cha kanthaŵi kochepa, osakhutira zosowa zawo zapadziko, zofuna ndi zolakalaka, koma kufunafuna chilengedwe chonse, kulumikizana, chimwemwe-chisangalalo chaumunthu. Kawirikawiri pamlingo umenewu amapanga zolakwitsa, amaphwanya lamulo la Mulungu. Koma chilango ndi kulapa sizingapeweke. Kuyeretsedwa sikungatheke popanda kupeweratu kunyada, popanda kudzipatulira nokha, kupha "Napoleon" waumwini ndi kudzichepetsa komweku. Otsutsa ambiri amatsutsa wolemba nkhanza kwambiri pa "milandu" yake, yomwe adazunzidwa ndi "zosafunika". Komabe, Feodor Mikhailovich mwiniwake, atazindikira kulemera kwa kugwa ndi kulapa, akunena mu malemba a mabuku asanu omwe popanda njira yopita ku choonadi, chipulumutso sichingatheke. Iye sali Mlengi wa malamulo auzimu a dziko lapansi. Iwo anapezeka ndi Mpulumutsi iyemwini, ndipo amangokumbutsa anthu za iwo okha.