Frosty wakuda: kufotokozera ndi chithunzi, zizindikiro za kulima

Ambiri okhala ndi nyumba zapakhomo amamvetsera kwambiri zomera m'munda. Mwamsanga pamene kasupe kayeziyezi yoyamba imatenthetsa zipale zachisanu, maluwa ofatsa a hellebore amayamba kutambasula kupyola chisanu. Chomeracho chimadziwika ndi oyambirira maluwa. Mvula ya chisanu imatulutsa maluwa a Erantis, grouse ndi crocus.

Mysticism ndi ngozi ya hellebore

Chomera chodabwitsa chosathachi chimadziwika kwa munthu kuyambira nthawi za m'Baibulo. Nthano ndi nthano zinkachitika pafupi naye, zamatsenga zimatchulidwa kwa iye. Mu nthano imodzi imanenedwa kuti maluwa amenewa anapezeka ndi Amagi pafupi ndi mwazi umene Yesu Khristu anabadwira. Amakhulupirira kuti maluwa amenewa amatha kuchotsa ziwanda. M'nthano ina inanenedwa kuti chifukwa cha imfa ya Alexander Wamkulu chinali chakupha cha hellebore. Ndipo Hippocrates anagwiritsira ntchito monga kuyeretsa. Maluwa oyambirirawa ankagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochizira ziwalo ndi misala.

Asayansi a masiku ano amanena kuti duwa limeneli ndi lopanda pake. Lili ndi zinthu zoopsa monga jerwin, veratrine, cyclopamine ndi teratogen. Kamodzi mu thupi laumunthu, amachititsa chizungulire, kuzungulira, kutupa, ludzu ndi kusanza. Choncho, mutasankha kudzala chomera chokongola pamunda wanu, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa zinyama zanu ndi ana ang'onoang'ono nthawi zonse. Poyamba zizindikiro zowononga chomera ichi ayenera nthawi yomweyo kufunsa dokotala.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana

Maluwa ake am'maluwa amamera ku Ulaya (kumwera ndi pakati), ku Asia Minor, ku Balkans, ku Carpathians, kum'mwera kwa Ukraine ndi Caucasus. Kumtunda kwa hellebore kumafikira 30-50 cm. Lili ndi mizu yabwino kwambiri. Maluwa ndi masamba a hellebore ali pafupi ndi nthaka, ndipo amapanga rosette yokongola. Masamba wandiweyani a zomera awa ali ndi mdima wobiriwira. Pa mkulu phesi ndi okongola inflorescences. Mitundu yambiri ya hellebore ili ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri. Mkati mwake, aliyense wa iwo ali wofiira ndi mitundu yowala - bulauni, wofiira, pinki, wakuda. Mitundu yambiri ya hellebore (zimovnik) ikuphatikizapo:

• Mdima.
• Caucasus.
• East.
• Zophatikiza.
• Blushing.
• Stinky.

Black hellebore

Malo obadwira a duwa ili ndi South ndi Central Europe. Black hellebore ali ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha mtundu wa rhizome. Kutchire, chomerachi chimapezeka nthawi zambiri m'nkhalango zamapiri. Mafotokozedwe a black hellebore sangakulepheretseni. Ndikhulupirire, mutatha kuwerenga nkhaniyi, mumangokhalira kubzala muchilengedwe chanu chodabwitsa.

Kutalika kwa mdima wamdima wakuda kumakhala masentimita 30. Masamba ali ndi mdima wobiriwira. Kugawo la Russia mtundu wa hellebore ukuphulika kumapeto kwa March - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April. Chifuwa cha black winter hibernate chachikulu, choyera, mottled. Ali ndi zaka, amapeza mthunzi wofewa wokongola. Pali zosiyanasiyana ndi maluwa okongola a pinki, omwe amatchedwa "nyenyezi ya Khirisimasi". Maluwa amenewa, malinga ndi nthano, adaperekedwa kwa mwana Yesu.

Pambuyo maluwa, masambawo amataya masamba ake, ndipo mmalo mwake maluwa atsopano amakula msanga. Black hellebore amamera chaka chonse. Iye ndi wodzichepetsa mosamala, osagonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo zosiyanasiyana. M'nyengo yozizira, duwa likhoza kupirira kutentha kwa -35 ° C.

Chomera ichi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama mankhwala ochiritsira. Mwachitsanzo, chotsitsa madzi cha hellebore chakuda chimadziwika. Koma akatswiri samalimbikitsa kutengako mankhwala onse mkati. Ndipotu, aliyense amadziwa kuti chomeracho chili ndi poizoni, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zingayambitse mavuto aakulu, ngakhale imfa.

Chipewa cha ku Caucasus

Ili ndi mitundu yoposa yonse ya hellebore. Koma imakhalanso ndi poizoni kwambiri. Chomera chimakula mu nkhalango za beech, oak ndi mapaini a Krasnodar Territory ndi Georgia. Chimake cha nyengo ya chisanu cha ku Caucasus chimafikira masentimita 40. Masamba a chomera ndi aakulu, amtengo wapatali, wobiriwira, wakuwala. Chifukwa cha kuuma kwa kapangidwe ka mkati ndi tsamba lokhalamo, masambawo ndi ovuta kuwononga. Muzu ndi wawung'ono, wakuda. Mafinya a zobiriwira ndi zofiirira kapena zoyera. Izi zosiyanasiyana limamasula kumapeto kwa dzinja - oyambirira kasupe. Mphukira yoyamba ikuoneka kuchokera pansi pa chisanu.

Ndiloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito hellebore wakuda ndi caucasian pofuna cholinga chachipatala. Gwiritsani ntchito mizu, yomwe yapukulidwa kale, yoyeretsedwa ndi youma. Kuchokera mmenemo kukonzekera mazira, infusions. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuthandizira kunja kwa mavuto a m'mimba ndi ziwalo.

Eastern hellebore

Mitundu yochulukira kwambiri yosiyanasiyana. Dziko la kum'mawa kwa hellebore ndi Greece, Caucasus, Turkey. Chomera ichi chimalolera bwino nyengo za chilimwe ndi nyengo zozizira. Chabwino imalolera kuchepa kwa kutentha m'nyengo yozizira mpaka -29 ^o C. Alimi angagwiritse ntchito kupanga mapulaneti m'madera omwe mulibe pentifrost.

Frosty kum'mawa amafika 30 cm mu msinkhu. Amadziwika ndi maluwa mtsogolo. Yoyamba maluwa imayambira kumayambiriro kwa April. Chomera choyambirira ndi zonona zokhala ndi zikwapu pazitsamba. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pinki, yoyera ndi yofiira. Kawirikawiri pali mitundu ndi nkhanu mkati mwa duwa. Oimira okongola kwambiri a mitundu iyi ndi osakanizidwa Ballard, Oriental montsegur ndi Ellen wofiirira.

Mvula yachisanu ndi yofiira

Dzina la chomera limalankhula lokha. Maluwa obiriwira obiriwira amakhala ndi kukongola kosadziwika bwino. Pa nthawi yomweyo, fungo loipa, losasangalatsa silidzakhala la anthu ambiri.

Kumene angabzala chomera

Odziwika kwambiri, okongola ndi odzichepetsa ndiwo mdima wakuda wakuda. Kubzala ndi kumusamalira ndi kophweka. Ichi ndi chomera chosatha chomwe chimamera pamalo amodzi popanda kuika kwa zaka zambiri. Koma muyenera kusankha mosamala malo oti mubzalitse hellebore, kumvetsera malangizowo a akatswiri ndi zofunikira za teknoloji yaulimi.

Kukula bwino kwa helloborere kumakhala bwino pamtunda wambiri wa humus. Ndikofunika kuti iye adzikhala pansi pa zisoti za mitengo, kumene kuli masamba ambiri ovunda. Ndikofunika kusankha malo abwino a chomera chamtsogolo. Dzuwa la chisanu liyenera kukhala mumthunzi ndi dzuwa. Malowa ayenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo yamphamvu. Ozungulira pafupi ndi maluwa ndiwo mitengo yomwe korona idzadutsa dzuwa. Chomeracho chimakhala chodzichepetsa ndipo chikhoza kusintha mosavuta ku zovuta zilizonse. Koma kukwera molondola ndi kusamalidwa kwa helloborere yakuda ndilo fungulo la maluwa ake otalika ndi otalikira m'munda wanu.

Bzalani chomera m'munda kumayambiriro kwa autumn. Mvula ya chisanu imakhala ndi nthawi yozika mizu isanayambe nyengo yozizira. Kawirikawiri, tchire chosiyana chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi, zomwe poyamba zinali zosiyana ndi chomera chakale. Mwa njirayi chitsamba chimatsitsimutsidwa, ndipo nthawi ya kukula kwake ikuwonjezeka. Kumalo amodzi chitsamba chikhoza kukula kwa nthawi yaitali. Patapita nthawi, imakula. Samosev amafesa mbewu, choncho nthawi ndi nthawi chitsamba chiyenera kuchepetsedwa. Mbali zolekanitsidwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kubereka. Adzakhazika maziko a chitsamba chamtundu, champhamvu komanso chosangalatsa.

Zofunikira za nthaka ndi kuthirira

Dothi lodzala hellebore liyenera kusunga chinyezi. Chomera sichimalola kuyanika kwa nthaka. Choncho, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa osati kokha ku mawonekedwe, komanso ku chikhalidwe cha nthaka. Siziyenera kukhala zolemetsa ndi zovuta. Mitundu ya pepala siiyenera kukhala pansi.

Chomeracho chikukula bwino mumtunda. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ndi bwino kukonza duwa pansi pa mtengo. Kuwoneka bwino kwa hellebore pansi pa tchire lobiriwira ndi mitengo.

Kukula bwino kwa chomera ichi kumachitika pa dothi la alangi kapena pa nthaka yopanda ndale.

Mu asidi zomwe zimachitika padziko lapansi, akatswiri amalangiza kuti kuyambitsa phulusa, mandimu kapena kutaya tiyi mu nthaka. Pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zimenezi nthawi zonse, zolemba za nthaka zingasinthe.

M'madera okhala ndi matalala aakulu, hellebore sali madzi okwanira. Kusungunula madzi kumapatsa okwanira nthaka. M'madera ouma ndikofunikira kuyang'anira mkhalidwe wa nthaka. Izi ziyenera kukhala kangapo nthawi kuti azithirira mbewu zambiri. Koma kusowa kwa madzi sikumapweteka hellebore. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa masamba, kutuluka kwa madzi kuchokera mu duwa kumachitika moyenera.

Tikufika

Kodi mungabzala bwanji hellobolere yakuda molondola? Choyamba, konzekerani zitsime zakuya zomwe zimakhala 25x25 masentimita. Pita mtunda wa masentimita 30 pakati pa tchire chomera. Kompositi iyenera kuikidwa pansi pa dzenje. Tsopano nyemba ziyenera kuikidwa mu pulasitiki ndikuyang'ana bwino mizu ya zomera. Kuchokera kumbali zonse muyenera pang'onopang'ono kuwaza nyemba, finyani. Pambuyo pa mbeuyo ayenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi ambiri. Mu masabata atatu otsatira ayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse, kupewa kupezeka ndi kusefukira kwa madzi.

Kufika kwa helloborere yakuda nthawizonse kumathera bwinobwino. Ndipotu, chomera ichi ndi wodzichepetsa. Zotsatira zomvetsa chisoni zingapezedwe ngati mulibe ubwino, mbande zopweteka.

Kupaka zovala ndi feteleza

Ndipotu, chomera ichi ndi chodzichepetsa ndipo sichifunikira chisamaliro chapadera ndi feteleza. Koma odziwa wamaluwa amadziwa kuti kudyetsa ndikofunikira kwa nthawi yaitali ndi yochuluka maluwa. Chifukwa chake, sitimphonya chinthu ichi, koma timagwiritsa ntchito malingaliro a wamaluwa omwe akudziwa bwino. Ndipo khulupirirani ine, hellebore yanu idzayankha njirazi ndi maluwa obiriwira komanso kukula kwa masamba ndi maonekedwe okongola.

Choncho, mungatani kuti muzimanga mabulosi osiyanasiyana a black hellobore? Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe , timagwiritsa ntchito awiri superphosphate ndi fupa chakudya. Iyenso iyenera kumvetsera ku kuvala kwapamwamba kwa foliar ndi zochitika zomwe zimawonekera. Njira imeneyi iyenera kuchitika mu nyengo yozizira pa masiku owoneka ndi owuma.

Ambiri wamaluwa samalimbikitsa feteleza izi maluwa ndi nayitrogeni feteleza.

Njira zobweretsera hellebore

Frosty kum'maŵa ndi wakuda akugwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama kumalo okongola. Mitengo iyi ikuwoneka bwino m'minda yamaluwa, miyala yodula, osakaniza. Pa ziwembu zapadera, zomera izi zimapangitsa kumveka bwino osati kasupe kokha, koma chaka chonse. M'nyengo yozizira, duwa limeneli limakondweretsa wamaluwa ndi zobiriwira. Ndipotu, chomerachi ndi chisanu.

Helebore imatulutsa njira ziwiri: pogawa chitsamba chachikulu ndi mbewu. Kulima ndi kubalana kwa chomera ichi kumachitika pokha pamalo otseguka. Kunyumba, duwa limasiya maluwa.

Kubalana ndi mbewu

Njira ya kukula kwa nkhumba yachisanu imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zowonongeka. Mukamagula, samverani tsiku loti mbewu isonkhanitsidwe. Samalani, chifukwa mu miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mutatha kukolola amasiya kumera.

Bzalani bokosi lakuda kuchokera ku nyemba ziyenera kukhala muzitsulo zokonzedwa ndi mvula ndi kumasulidwa pansi. Ayenera kubzalidwa mozama 1-2 masentimita. Pomwe maonekedwe a masamba oyambirira, chotsacho chiyenera kuikidwa pamalo amdima. Kuchokera panthawiyi mbande zimatha kumizidwa. Asanafike pamsewu, ayenera kuziika kangapo. Pambuyo pa zaka 2-3, mukhoza kulima zomera zowonjezereka m'malo osatha. Ndi bwino kumuika kumayambiriro kwa autumn, kumapeto kwa September. Mbalame yoyamba ya msaki, yofalitsidwa ndi mbewu, idzayamba zaka zitatu.

Kuwonjezeka ndi chitsamba kugawa njira

Akatswiri ambiri amati hellebore amakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo salola kulemba. Choncho, kufalitsa kwa njira ya vegetative kumalimbikitsidwa nthawi zambiri.

Pogawanitsa chitsamba, muyenera kusankha shrub wamkulu yemwe ali ndi zaka zoposa zitatu. Chipinda chokongoletsera chikhoza kuchitika pambuyo pa maluwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito duwa ndikofunika kuti pakati pa tchire panali mtunda wa 30-40 sm. Nthaka imayenera kukhala yonyowa, yosasunthika, ndi madzi abwino.

Kubereka kwa hellebore mwanjira iyi kumabweretsa ngozi osati kwa mbewu yokha, komanso kwa munthu. Ndipotu maluwawo ndi owopsa. Dontho la madzi lingayambitse kutentha kapena khungu pa khungu. Choncho, pamene mukugawa, muyenera kusamala nokha. Ndikofunika kuvala magolovesi ndi kupewa kupezeka kwachindunji kwa mbewu ndi malo osatsegula a khungu. Ngati msuzi wa mbeu uli pa thupi, uyenera kutsukidwa mofulumira ndi madzi. Ngati mukukwiyitsa, ndi bwino kukaonana ndi dokotala.

Tizilombo ndi matenda

Mvula yachisanu ndi yambiri imakhala yokhudzana ndi matenda ambiri ndi tizirombo. Kusokonezeka kwa chomera ichi kumabweretsa ndi makoswe, nkhono, slugs ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Kawirikawiri pa duwa, mumatha kuona malo oyendetsa galimoto omwe amakhudza mizu. Zikatero, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito. Mukamapanga matope, tsatirani malingaliro a wopanga.

Masamba a hellebore amathanso kuwononga masamba a Coniothyrium hellebori, omwe amachititsa kuti maonekedwe a mdima asaoneke. Matendawa amayamba mwamsanga m'madera otentha ndi amvula. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika kuyang'anitsitsa maonekedwe a masamba atsopano ndikuwongolera nthawi. Komanso, duwa liyenera kuchitidwa ndi systemic fungicide.

Kusakaniza ndi zomera zina

Kawirikawiri pa chithunzicho, mabulosi amtundu wakuda amatha kuwona pafupi ndi mitengo ndi maluwa osiyanasiyana. Ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa. Pambuyo pake, duwa limakula bwino pansi pa tchire ndi mitengo yovuta. Nthawi zambiri amalima amalumikizana ndi maluwa a masika omwe ali ndi mazira oyambirira, maluwa omwe amawoneka bwino kwambiri, amphaka omwe amawombera maluwa, mouthed erantis ndi scylla. Zithunzi zokongola za hellebore zikuwoneka bwino ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala m'chilimwe.

Zojambula zakutchire ndi hellebore

Ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito hellebore mumapangidwe a malo imapezeka pakupanga zithunzi zamthunzi zamthunzi. Chifukwa cha maluwa oyambirira, hellebore imakongoletsa malo okhala mu March, pamene chisanu sichinasungunukebe. Zokongoletsera zazikulu zitsamba zimagwirizanitsidwa bwino ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera.

Musamabzala mbewu mmalo momwe ana amasewera nthawi zambiri.