Cataractic ampel: kukula kuchokera ku mbewu. Cataract: chithunzi

Catharanthus (lat. Catharanthus) ndi mtundu wa zomera zokongoletsera, zomwe zimadziwika ngati zotsamba zam'madzi komanso zitsamba zobiriwira. Mitundu yake yokha yokha ndiyodziwika. Zisanu ndi ziwiri zimakula pachilumba cha Madagascar, ndi chimodzi-ku India.

Kunja kwina ndi m'dziko lathu, cataract yakula ngati munda ndi chipinda chamkati. Komabe, zimakhala zosavuta kuziwona m'nyumba zapanyumba komanso m'nyumba za florists. Mwinamwake, chowonadi ndi chakuti ziwalo zonse za zomerazi ndizoopsa. Choncho, m'nyumba yomwe muli ana ang'onoang'ono kapena zinyama, sizowonjezera kuti zikhale ndi cataracts.

Kufotokozera za chomera

Catarrhtas (chithunzi chimene mukuwona patsamba lino) ndi chomera chodabwitsa 30-60 masentimita pamwamba ndi nthambi yolimba ya phesi. Maluwa ake amafanana ndi maluwa a phloxes, koma mosiyana ndi otsirizira iwo si anasonkhana inflorescence. Ndiponso, catarrhtas ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi basamu.

Maluwa okongola (masentimita atatu m'mimba mwake) samamva fungo. Zitha kukhala pinki, zofiira-violet kapena zoyera. Pakati pali nthawi zonse wokongola kwambiri wachikasu kapena kapezi. Chomeracho n'chokongoletsera osati chifukwa cha mitundu yomwe ili pamwamba pa chitsamba chilichonse chokhala ndi chipewa choboola mpira, komanso ndi masamba okongola omwe ali ndi mitsinje yoyera pakati. Chaka chilichonse amakula mu malo amkati, cataract ikukhala yodabwitsa komanso yokongola.
Maluwa imakhala kuyambira May mpaka November.

Palinso mtundu wotere wa amphaka ampel. Kulima kuchokera ku mbewu za mitunduyi mosiyana sikumasiyana ndi kulima kwa wina aliyense, koma kuli ndi zosavuta zina. Mafomu a ampel amasiyana ndi tsinde lalitali. Mitundu yotereyi imabzalidwa m'miphika ndipo imayimika pamiphika pamtunda. Kukhalitsa kumayambira ndi mitundu yowala kumawoneka kokongola kwambiri.

Kumene angagule mbewu?

Zomwe zimagwirira ntchito pazipinda zapadera ndi mitundu ina yokha ya zomera izi zimakula - cataract pinki. Kunja, ukufanana kwambiri ndi periwinkle - duwa lomwe limamva bwino mkati woyendera nthambi ya Russia. Ngakhale izi siziri zolondola, koma m'dziko lathu zomera ziwirizi nthawi zina zimadziwika. Choncho, mbewu, kuphatikizapo mawonekedwe monga cataramel ampel, amatha kuwoneka pansi pa dzina lakuti "Pink Garlic." Kugula sikovuta pa intaneti kapena m'masitolo apadera. Mbewu zamtengo wapatali zimagulitsidwa. Koma ngati mukufuna, mukhoza kupeza Chirasha.

Pa ziwembu zapakhomo, chomera ichi chimakula ngati chaka. Simungathe kusonkhanitsa mbeu zanu. Mu nyengo yathu, iwo samangokhala okhwima.

Kukonzekera Mbewu

Mbewu iliyonse, kaya ndi maluwa yokongoletsa kapena munda wamunda, ikukula mofulumira komanso yosadwala ngati mukukonzekera mosamala za kubzala. Catarrhtamu ndi ampel, ikukula kuchokera ku mbewu zomwe zimasiyanasiyana pang'ono ndi kusamalidwa kwa mbeu ina iliyonse, kupatulapo pambali iyi siyi. Chomera ayenera kuchiritsidwa ndi njira yochepa ya potassium permanganate (2 g pa lita imodzi). Chifukwa cha disinfection, mbewuzo zikulumikizidwa ndi gauze ndipo zimatsitsidwa mu okonzeka kuti zikhale zamadzimadzi kwa theka la ora.
Mukhoza kuzifesa pa mbande kumapeto kwa February.

Kodi ziyenera kukhala zotani?

Inde, mofanana ndi chomera china chirichonse, chodabwitsa chapadera cha nthaka chikufuna chiwindi. Kulima kuchokera ku mbewu (chithunzichi chikhoza kuwonedwa pamwamba) kumatanthauza kusunga malamulo ofanana ndi kulima munda wa mbewu kwa mbande. Chomeracho chimakonda nthaka kuti ikhale yotayirira ndipo imakhuta ndi zakudya. Kwa kuika pamalo otseguka mbande bwino amafesedwa mwapadera makapu. Ngati duwa ndi yokongoletsa nyumba, nkofunika kutenga mphika nthawi yomweyo. Kuwaza chomera ichi sikulekerera. Mu makapu muike mbewu imodzi pakati. Mu mphika mungathe kuyika ma PC 3. Nthawi yomweyo zomera zitatu mu chidebe chimodzi, zitapachikidwa pansi, zidzawoneka ngati zazikulu kwambiri. Mbeu za catarrhatus zikuwoneka bwino komanso mofulumira.

Ndikofunikira kuti musankhe bwino momwe nthaka ikukhalira. Ndi bwino kusakaniza masamba ndi sod, mchenga, peat ndi humus mu magawo ofanana. Pamene mukukula mu mphika, muyenera kukonza ngalande. Pochita izi, tsanulirani miyala pansi ndipo muphimbe ndi dornite (chinyezi chokhazikika) kapena osati minofu yambiri. Pamwamba pa nthaka.

Kodi chomeracho chimakhala kuti?

Poto kapena makapu ayenera kuikidwa pawindo lawindo likuyang'ana kummawa kapena kumadzulo. Catarrhtas ndi ampel, kukula kuchokera ku mbewu kumafuna khama, kumakonda kuwala kochulukira, koma sikulekerera kuwala kwa dzuwa pa masamba. Choncho, pa masiku omveka bwino, zomera zowonjezereka ziyenera kukhala zochepa. Kukongola kwambiri kumawonekera mawonekedwe ampel, atapachikidwa kuchokera khonde. Choncho, ngati mukufuna, mbewu zingabzalidwe mu bokosi lakutali ndipo zimatengedwa kumapeto kwa loggia.

Malamulo omwewo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala mbande pamalo otseguka. Ndi bwino kupanga high flowerbed kuchokera kummawa kapena kumadzulo kwa nyumba kapena gazebo. Mukhozanso kuyimitsa ampel catarrhtas m'matumba akuluakulu. Kutumiza mbande kumsewu kumaloledwa mwamsanga mmawa wa chisanu.

Kuthirira kwa achinyamata zomera

Mitengo yambiri yotentha imakonda madzi okwanira ambiri. Sizosiyana pa izi, ndipo cataract ndi ampel. Kulima mbewu, monga kufalikira kwa cuttings, kumaphatikizapo nthawi ndi nthawi mobwerezabwereza nthaka. Ndizabwino kwambiri, ngati kuthirira madzi akugwa ndi mapesi ndi masamba. Mulimonsemo musalole kutaya kwa chinyezi. Apo ayi, chomerachi chingadwale ndikuyamba kuvunda.

Nthaka feteleza

Popanda nthawi yowonjezera sangathe kuchita chilichonse chokongoletsa maluwa, makamaka kukula mu mphika. Inde, izi zimagwira ntchito monga cataract. Kulima kumbewu (chithunzi cha phukusi kumbali ya kumanzere), komanso kusungunula ndi kufalitsa kwa cuttings, kumaphatikizapo kuyambitsa feteleza m'chaka ndi chilimwe kawiri pa mwezi. Ndipo tchire tating'ono, ndi katratus wamkulu amafunikanso kuthirira nthawi ndi nthawi, ndi feteleza zitasungunuka mmenemo. Ndi bwino kugula zokonzedweratu zomwe zimapangidwira maluwa amkati mu sitolo yapadera. Chifukwa chosoŵa zakudya, zomera zimakula bwino ndipo sizimasintha.

Kudulira zomera

Mitsempha yotchedwa catarrhtals imachotsedwa kwambiri. Mu kasupe, tisiyeni pang'ono, kudula pang'ono, pafupifupi masentimita 15. Palibe ampatharamu ampel wa mtundu uwu wodula. Wovala mawonekedwe ndi yaitali zimayambira pang'ono mawonekedwe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nthambi zomwezo zomwe zimapweteka maonekedwe a chomera ndizofunika kuti zichotsedwe. Mukhozanso kusinthanso nsonga za mbaliyo. Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono. Manja okha kuti asankhe zomera sizingathe, chifukwa, monga tazitchula kale, ndi owopsa.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Nthendayi ya ampel (chithunzi chomwe chingawonedwe kuchokera kumanja) sichinthu chosowa. Nthawi zina nsabwe za m'masamba zimatha kumawoneka pa masamba. Matenda osasangalatsa kwambiri okhudza nthenda ya kadoti ndi malo obisala (masamba ali ndi mawanga otumbululuka achikasu). Mwatsoka, njira za chithandizo chake sizinapangidwe. Komanso, nthawi zina zomera zimatha kutenga kachilombo ka mite kapena chishango.

Matenda ena omwe amakhudza maluwa ndi masamba osokoneza (pustules pa underside) bulauni dzimbiri. Cataritus amachiritsidwa ku mliriwu pogwiritsa ntchito fungicides pogwiritsa ntchito dithiocarbamates.

Kodi ndi njira ziti zobereka zoberekera?

Kufalikira kwa khansa ndi mbewu, komanso kufalikira kwa cuttings.
M'mbuyomu kawirikawiri samatenga lignified (kapena ayi kwambiri). Pamene kudula, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti pali mfundo imodzi podulidwa. Ponena za njira yoyamba, ikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhani yomwe ili pamwambapa.

Mukhoza kupeza ndi pa intaneti zambiri zokhudza momwe mungamerekere matenda a mchere kuchokera ku mbewu (forum, blog - ndizo zambiri). Odziwa zambiri amalankhula za chomera ichi osakhala ndi chisamaliro chapadera, koma osanyamula okwanira. Choncho, ngati palibe madzi omwe ali pamtengowu, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito maluwa okongolawo kuti akongoletsedwe.

Zima zachisanu pakukula m'chipinda

Chomeracho sichiri chowopsya komanso chimayamika kwambiri. Ndikusamala bwino, ndithudi ndikukondweretsani maluwa ambiri m'nyengo yotentha. M'nyengo yozizira, nthendayi imakhala yozizira - kutentha kwa pafupi 14-15 madigiri. Komabe, ziyenera kuonetsetsa kuti dothi silinali lopangidwa. Komanso, muyenera kuchepetsa kuchepetsa pang'ono. Ndi nthawi yambiri yozizira m'nyengo yozizira, zomera zimatha kuwononga tsinde.

Kotero, tikuyembekeza, tsopano mukumvetsetsa momwe mungamerekere katarrusi kumbewu. Chomeracho n'chodabwitsa kwambiri, osati chofunikira kwambiri komanso choyenera kwambiri chodzala onse mumsewu, ndi khonde kapena chipinda. Amayi amwenye amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Zimakhulupirira kuti zikhoza kuchiza khansa ndi shuga. Komabe, ndithudi, kuyesa kupanga mankhwalawa mankhwala kunyumba sikoyenera. Kutenga mkati mwinanso kumakhudza khungu kungapangitse poizoni.