Zamgululi zopangidwa papier-mâché amadziwa kuti ambiri kuyambira ali mwana. kangati ana akuvutika chifukwa cha zipatso "yabodza" anapangidwa kuchokera nkhaniyi mosamala anaika mu mbale mwa canteens, mahotela, nyumba yogonamo. Makolo zingakhale zovuta kufotokoza kuti mwanayo kuti ndi apulo wokongola kwathunthu zoipa ndipo amakhala kukongoletsa ndi. Chimenechi ndi chifukwa chimodzi makamaka chitsanzo cha ntchito za zinthu zilipo.
Kodi kupanga papier-mache ndi manja awo?
Nkhanizi tichipeza zomatira (PVA zomatira, mapepala khoma kapena zina) ndi pepala (kapena mwamtheradi, kuyambira newsprint ndi kutha chimbudzi). Ndipo kulenga papier-mâché katswiri kunyumba m'njira ziwiri. Njira yoyamba ikukhudza kupeza misa homogeneous mwa kuphwanya pepala ndi akusunsa mu zomatira ndi. The chachiwiri - ndi n'kupanga pasting pepala (wallpaper etc ...) Mwa mankhwala yomalizidwa (mafano, mbale, makapu, Miphika) kulenga zina kamangidwe wapadera. Onse njira yoyamba ndi yachiwiri akupanga utoto wotsatira wokutira chinthu chifukwa. Nthawi zambiri, akiliriki, koma akhale embodiments Mwachitsanzo, gouache.
Sayansi ya kulenga papier-mâché
Bwanji Mng'oma wa misa homogenous guluu ndi pepala, anthu ambiri amakumbukira kuyambira ali mwana (mu luso Soviet, ndipo nthawi zina, ndi kuphunzitsa sukulu zasekondale luso). Paper (mwachitsanzo, pepala) ayenera m'manja kuswa mutizidutswa tating'ono ting'ono ndi kuwonjezera madzi. Ngati n'kotheka, ndi yophika kwa theka la ola pa moto wochepa. Apo ayi, kusiya kwa pathupi kwa ola limodzi ndi theka. Unyinji ndiye momwe knead manja ake, akuyesera kuti apindule homogeneity pazipita. Iwo m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito magolovesi mankhwala opangidwa ndi mphira wochepa thupi, chifukwa nyuzipepala ndi zomatira zoipa bwanji khungu. The zamkati chifukwa chatsanulidwa. Izi zikhoza kutheka ndi dzanja kapena kugwiritsa ntchito strainer. Ndiyeno pang'onopang'ono anawonjezera zomatira, kuika chinachake ngati mtanda wa. Atangomva misa amakhala mwamtendere, izo zikhoza kuganiziridwa wokonzeka zopangira mapepala mache.
Pamene kachitidwe chibangili kapena mkanda?
Atalandira zinthu, inu mukhoza kulenga mankhwala lophweka. Oyamba amene ali zatsopano njira imeneyi, Ndi bwino kuyamba ndi zinthu zochepa. Kungakhale Khirisimasi zokongoletsa zopangidwa papier-mache (ndipange mpira Chophweka), ndi chibangili kapena ugufu. Pa nthawi zonsezi, mpira woyamba ipitirirabe mwa papier-mache zinafunika kukula. Ndiye, pamene okwanira iwo adzakhala chopangidwa ndi singano kudzera mwa mabowo mzere nasiya kuti ziume. Chomaliza, chidwi kwambiri gawo zodzikongoletsera - mitundu yake. Mikanda imachititsa chabe mtundu umodzi kapena burashi woonda kujambula maluwa, nyenyezi, ena chitsanzo chidwi. Izi zidalira pa luso ndi malingaliro a wolemba. Pambuyo kuyanika, iwo kuziluka pa mzere ndi, malingana m'litali, adzalandira mikanda kapena chibangili zopangidwa papier-mache.
Mmene mbale?
Childs, mu kupanga ziwiya ntchito luso losiyana. zosakaniza zofunika nzofanana: zomatira, pepala (pepala ndi woonda woyera, mwachitsanzo, kutsatira pepala, ziri mu manambala ofanana), komanso penti, koma kachitidwe adzafunika njira ina. Pamafunika zina ceramic mbale, amene aphata kulandira chomwechi kuchokera papier-mache. Kodi izi vesch? lophweka. Choyamba pepala kuichotsa ang'onoang'ono mabwalo (2x2 kapena 3x3 cm). Lumo ntchito bwino osati chifukwa m'goli m'mbali kupereka malire wosaoneka pakati makombo. Ndiye chimodzimodzi kudyetsedwa ndi pepala woyera. Mu mbale wina kapena kozungulira anatsanulira zomatira, kukhala kosavuta kuti atenge ndalama mu izo. Mbale ayenera afewetsedwa ndi chinachake molimba kukhala kosavuta kupatukana mankhwala ake yotsirizidwa. Ndipo ndiye glued wosanjikiza zidutswa nyuzipepala, akusunsa iwo aliyense zomatira ndi. Izo zizichitidwa kuti zikugwirizana bwino wina ndi mzake, n'kupanga yunifolomu pamwamba. Pamene mbale lonse glued pamwamba pa mfundo yomweyo umagwiritsidwa ntchito pepala woyera. Choncho, alternating zigawo, iwo chagwiritsidwa 8 mpaka 10. Kenako mbale kuti ziume. Childs, zimatenga tsiku.
Pa anauma padziko muiike zigawo 4-5 pepala woyera kuti mwa iyo, nyuzipepala anasiya nonse. Tsiku lina, mbale ceramic chikutha ndi chotsirizidwa muiike pa mbali m'munsi ngakhale ndi zigawo zingapo za pepala woyera. Patapita maola 24, tingathe kuyambitsa powdering, ndiye bokosilo udzatha. Ngati n'koyenera, mbale akhoza TACHIMATA ndi varnish mandala, amene ndidzalizindikiritsa wamphamvu ndi zambiri kulimbikira chitsanzo.
Masks zopangidwa papier-mache
Pali wina kachikumbutso otchuka wa nkhaniyi. Masks ambiri amazimanga ndi pepala, koma n'zotheka nkhungu ya misa preformed. kupangidwa imatengedwa ovuta kwambiri kuposa chilengedwe cha mikanda kapena mbale. Choncho kuntchito koma kukhala ndi chokuchitikirani aliyense, sikuthandiza. Ngati chigoba ndi zakonzedwa kuti sculpt papier-mache (monga kuchita chinthu kwambiri, tafotokozazi), koma utoto wake ndi china chofunika. Pankhaniyi, chabe manja uzipereke izo mawonekedwe ankafunila. Kupanga izi zosavuta kuchita, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito chidole kapena kutsatira papier-mache mwachindunji nkhope ya munthu wina, topaka kirimu. The yomalizidwa chigoba ndi kujambula zouma akiliriki utoto pa chifuniro. chidwi ziperekedwe kwa mabowo kuti maso. Ngati ndi kotheka, iwo akhoza kwathunthu kudzudzulidwa ofesi mpeni pambuyo atayanika.
Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala, ndi zofunika Pre-nkhungu gawo lapansi, mwachitsanzo dongo. Ziyenera kukhala kuti muiike pepala, ngati mbale. Woyera plasticine maziko bwino pambuyo Dries chigoba. Kuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino, si monga kachikumbutso, ndi mbali zonse kupanga mabowo ang'onoang'ono amene tsono angathe anaikapo tepi kapena gulu mphira.
Ziwerengero zopangidwa papier-mache
alendo otere nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu masitolo zapaderazi. Koma ngati mukufuna kanjedza nyama otchulidwa lanthano, zidole, maluwa kapena zipatso, inu mukhoza kulenga ndi eni. Ngati pali mphatso yaing'ono, iwo kawirikawiri kuumbidwa ku misa pepala-zomatira. Mu nkhani ya zinthu zikuluzikulu, zoduliratu Kamangidwe kuti pamwamba zidutswa lokutidwa pepala. Makamaka otchuka maholide Khirisimasi ndi kanjedza nyama pa chizindikiro cha chaka chikubwerachi. chinjoka ichi, njoka kapena kavalo zopangidwa papier-mache. Mosakayikira, kulenga cholengedwa, muyenera talente ndi zinthu zina. Si mikanda kapena mbale. Koma nthawi zina chikhumbo chimodzi chokha, kumanga kusangalala (ngakhale si ofanana kwambiri weniweni) nyama pang'ono ndi kuupereka kwa wokondedwa. Kuti izo bwino ndi wamphamvu, mukhoza choyamba chimango zopangidwa ndi waya. Ndiyeno yekha kumamatira kuzungulira pepala lake zamkati ndi kukongoletsa.
Kodi kusunga mankhwala kuchokera papier-mache?
Izo ziri zodziwika bwino kuti pepala - Zofunika cranky. Mosavuta akuswa pansi kanthu chinyezi, akhoza kusintha katundu wa kutentha kapena otsika ndi dzuwa, kwambiri flammable. Kudziwa mmene kuti papier-mache (pepala kapena zidutswa kuphika wothira zomatira kulemera), ndi bwino, ndi mmene kusunga mankhwala. Palibe chikaiko, ndipo kumata ndi utoto, ndi frameworks zosiyanasiyana ntchito pa ntchito, kupanga izo cholimba. Koma, papier-mâché, ngati pepala mbalambanda, mantha dampness. Choncho, mankhwala ayenera kusungidwa yekha mu malo ouma. Ndi zofunika kupewa otsika kwambiri ndi kwambiri mkulu kutentha ndi malawi lotseguka pafupi. Ngati kusungidwa bwino mafano, mbale ndi mafanizo ena akhoza kusangalatsa mwini kwa zaka zambiri.
Kodi kupanga zinthu cholimba?
Akatswiri amene amapanga kanjedza zogulitsa, iwo akuyesera kuti kwambiri wolimba kugonjetsedwa ndi zinthu zina. Pakuti ichi chisanachitike kulenga chimango okhwima zopangidwa waya kapena zinthu zina. Mukhozanso kuwonjezera pang'ono kulemera kwa simenti kapena gypsum. Pomaliza, likukhalira ndithu papier-mache, koma cholimba kwambiri ndiponso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito zakuthupi. Ndizo basi naye ntchito ndithudi kuvala magolovesi.
Ntchito njira zamakono kuti zilandiridwenso ana
Kids zaka sukulu ndipo anyamata achikulire kutikonda kwambiri tinkering chinachake ndi manja ake. Akufotokozera luso kulenga ndi akufotokozera galimoto chala. Nthawi zambiri, monga chuma ntchito dongo kapena dongo. Koma papier-mache si poipa. Ndipotu, ndi kwathunthu zachilengedwe ndi otetezeka chuma (makamaka ngati anapangidwa pamaziko a zomatira), zomwe kugwira ntchito ndi mwana wa msinkhu uliwonse. Kumene, zambiri zabwino kwambiri kukonzekera munthu achikulire. Koma n'zotheka kuti aumbe onse pamodzi, kuchokera pamwamba zazing'ono zomwe ophunzira akusekondale.
A ochepa nsonga kwa oyamba
Kwa anthu amene sanakhalepo ntchito mu njira imeneyi, koma akufuna kuyesa dzanja lake umenewu, m'pofunika kumvetsa ena mokoma lapansi. Choyamba, nkhani zipangizo. Paper, ntchito kuti papier-mache, kungakhale aliyense, koma ndi kofunika kuti izo ndi zabwino zilowerere. Clay ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe (muiike kapena PVA) yokha unyinji wa mankhwala ndipo kunapezeka kuti oopsa. Kuphimba chotsirizidwa ndi bwino akiliriki utoto, ngati iwo ali cholimba kwambiri. Ngati tikulankhula zilandiridwenso ana, ndi bwino kutenga gouache. Kuzilingalira kapena kamangidwe wina wamphamvu, ntchito chimango waya. Gouache pamwamba atathana ndi varnish.
Ndipo musataye mtima ngati ulendo woyamba sangabereke akalumikidzidwa zovuta. Ndikwabwino kuyambitsa ndi chinthu chosavuta, koma ndi nthawi ndi zinachitikira adzatero zonse: zidole komanso nyama pang'ono, ndi mafanizo ena.