Fedor, mfumu mbiri, mu ulamuliro

Chizindikiro chenicheni cha Tsar Fyodor Ine Ivanovich, ngakhale yochepa nthawi zakale za nthawi (460 zaka), zomwe limatilekanitsa ife ndi chobisika. Funso lonse chimazungulira ngati iye anali wofooka okonda kapena ayi. Kuti izi tidzayesetsa kupereka yankho. Pali malo ochepa kuti kupereka chifaniziro chake chenicheni. mwayekha Izi idzakuphimba kanjedza aŵiri amphamvu bambo wa Ivan Grozny ndi co-wolamulira Boris Godunov. azambiriyakale athu recreate ndi kutanthauzira izo monga munthu zolembalemba ndi wolamulira.

Mapeto a Rurik mzera

Mu XVI atumwi ku ulamuliro wa woyamba Russian Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich. Iye analamulira kwa nthawi yaitali, zaka zoposa 50, koma omangidwa kwambiri, kugwedeza dziko lake ndi banja mwaukali khalidwe nkhanza. Wa eyiti, akazi atatu okha anam'berekera ana. Ndipo mkuluyo, amene anakonza mu Ufumu, mfumu aphedwa mutakwiya kusalankhula, amene anong'onezapo bondo. Iye anali m'malo ndi Fyodor, mwana wa Ivan IV ukwati woyamba m'khutu a.

Banja ndi Makolo

Makolo Regal kukondana ndipo anakhala pa nthawi ya kubadwa kwa Fyodor zaka khumi, kugawana ndi chimwemwe, ndi chisoni. Ine ndinali ndi mchimwene wa Prince Ivan. Zaka zosiyana iwo anali ndi zaka zitatu. Kukula, iwo anayamba kusewera pamodzi, ndipo anaonerera ndi makolo. Koma m'chaka cha kubadwa kwa Prince, kubatizidwa mu ansembe yotchedwa Chozizwitsa, mu 1557, palibe wina koma amadziwa chimene bata ndi mtendere yekha ataimirira pa dziko. Izi ndi chaka chatha wa wopambana. Mu 1558 amayamba yaitali, kotala zaka, wamagazi Livonia nkhondo. Iye sanachitire ubwana wake onse. Ndipo pambuyo pa imfa ya mayi a kalonga, yemwe anali zaka zitatu, pali pafupifupi palibe uthenga. Atate akupitiriza Bogomolov ndipo alibe mwana wake. Iye kusiya popita ndi asilikali ankhondo, mnyamata wazaka zisanu, pakumuwona Iye, sakudziwa ngati iye adzabwerera. Ndiyeno kulowezana kwa akazi adzatengedwa kupita ku zipinda za mfumu, amene onani Ivan ndi Fedor cholepheretsa ana awo ku mpando wachifumu, ndi chikondi sangalankhule pano. Rancor anyamata, ndithudi, anakumana. Koma pali pafupifupi palibe nkhani, monga Ivan anakweza wamng'ono. Amadziwika kuti ndi zaka eyiti iye analandira naye pa ulendo, ndipo kenako analamula kuti akapezeke pa miyambo anthu. Ngakhale pamene kalonga anali usinkhu koma zaka seveni, anachita nawo ntchito yomanga Mulingo wa Metropolitan wa Moscow, ndi kuti akhazikitse oprichnina iye ndi banja lake anapita ku khothi ndi a mumzinda Alexander. Pa zaka 10 bambo ake anamutenga naye Vologda kuyang'anira. Choncho pang'ono Tsarevich Feodor anati nkhani za boma.

ukwati

Yekha mwana wa bambo anga anasankha mkwatibwi wamphamvu odalirika Fuko Godunov, koma osati bwino kubadwa chotero kuti zonse kudalira banja lachifumu ndipo anali kuyamikira mapeto mkulu. A kalonga popanda kuganizira zolinga zandale, chabe Ufumuyo moyo wa mkazi wake, Irina anzeru Bakuman.

wolowa imfa

Mfumu ya Russia alibe mozungulira ndi maphunziro wodzala ndi mwana wamng'ono Feodor. Nthawi zonse Pachithunzipa anaima Ivan. Ndipo pamene iye anafa, mu mu 1581, izo anali ndi zaka 24 kuphunzitsa kwambiri mu amchigulu wolowa Fedor. Ndipo sanalinso chidwi kwa iwo. Ndipotu, patsogolo chisamaliro kunapatsidwa kwa Ivan, ndipo Fedenka, anamulangiza kupita ku mpingo wa Mulungu, ndi agulupa kulankhula, kumvetsera nyimbo, koma yoimba dikoni kenako kusaka Congress. Atazunguliridwa kalonga Namwino, namwino ndipo Chimonko. Iwo amaphunzitsa buku nzeru ndi chilamulo cha Mulungu. kalonga yemwe adakula wamanyazi, ofatsa, odzichepetsa mwabodza. Ndipo Mulungu anamupatsa iye korona wachifumu.

The coronation

Imfa ya Ivan m'khutu mu 1584, atazungulira zinsinsi ndi zosiyidwa. Pali malingaliro amene anali poizoni kapena zopotola, amene Komabe, sanali kwambiri kutsimikiziridwa. Koma boyars, wokondwa yomenyera kupondereza wankhanza wamphamvu, kuwasunga ndi dzanja lachitsulo, ananyamuka kupanduka, ntchito mphekesera za imfa lachinsinsi la mfumu, napita naye kwa mpanda wa boma la Russia. nkhani inathera ndi opandukawo kuti iwo anabwerera, ndi atsogoleri a zinatumizidwa. Mulimonsemo, ife kuchotsedwa zazing'ono wotchedwa Dmitry ndi mayi ake Uglich. Amene anali kumbuyo zimenezi? Chabwino, osati Fedor. Mfumu ya awa zinthu cifuno, iye anali chabe. Ife kuthamanga akalonga lolemera Shuisky, Mstislavsky, Yuriev.

Atatsala pang'ono chiwembu anali coronation, izo zinachitika pa tsiku la kubadwa kwa Fyodor. Iye anali chimodzimodzi zaka 27. Mwambo zinachitika bwino. Patsogolo anali Fedor Ivanovich - mfumu, atavala chovala wolemera. Kumbuyo kwake - atsogoleri apamwamba zotero aufulu onse a zifukwa. Iwo kukazikoloŵeka pa mutu wake korona. Pa chikondwerero tinaitanidwa otumikira kwa Athos ndi Sinai, kutanthauza kuti kufunika zochitika pa dziko lonse Orthodox. Kupambana inatenga sabata. Chomwechonso chabwino ndi mwayi kutaya Fyodor Ivanovich. Mfumu anakhala wolamulira mtheradi. Mu manja ake anali ndi mphamvu zonse - malamulo, wamkulu, milandu ndi asilikali.

Fedor, mfumu, chithunzi mbiri

Alendo, English, French, asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda, Zitsulo akuyesera kuti tikhulupirire kuti Fedor Zinali zophweka kwambiri, tcheru ndi chopambanitsa achipembedzo ndi kukhulupirira zamizimu, ngakhale opusa. Iye amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yochuluka mu mchitidwe. Koma, kudzuka pa 4:00 am, monga alendo yemweyo amene anapemphera, kupereka moni kwa mkazi wake, zatenga kumpanda osiyana, anatenga boyars ndi akazembe, mamembala a Duma. Izi zikusonyeza kuti Fedor - mfumu, anthu olemekezeka, wakumvera ndi amapereka malangizo. Komabe, nthawi izi, amaganiziranso kwambiri, chifukwa iwo sanatenge, koma zinthu ngati mfumu woona, iye akuchitabe. Inde, angasankhe kupemphera ndondomeko ya ntchito, koma palibe umboni wa maganizo. Iye anali chabe ndi chikhalidwe osati States, koma munthu wamba amene amakonda kulankhula ndi mkazi wake, kuyang'ana baiting chimbalangondo, kapena masewera a karati, kuti kuwatonza Nthabwala. Zichiwembu, chimachititsanso ndale, woganiza, ngati Chess kwa nthawi yaitali patsogolo - osati mchitidwe wake. Fyodor Ine Ivanovich mtundu, chete, anthu achipembedzo. Ena alendo Austrians Mwachitsanzo, kuti Mfumu inali ndi olandiridwa wachisomo ndi walonjeza kuthandiza polimbana Turkey, osataya malangizo kuti mfumu ofooka-apamwamba. Mwina chinthu chonsecho Ziwerengero nkani za asilikali a Sweden chomwecho, monga nkhani zandale anali kuthetsa mwankhondo akumane mbali yawo?

Amaonera mfumu ya anthu Russian

Iwo onse kuti Fedor Ivanovich Ine achipembedzo kwambiri ndi yotopetsa okha anamanganso wauzimu. Ndipo pamene ulamuliro wa ukwati anapanga malankhulidwe imene chizindikiro cha uchitsiru sachita mwambowu. Munthu osauka simusamala anaima mwambo wonse ndipo sanathe kulankhula. Ndipo mfumu zinthu ndi kukhala ulemu. olemba mabuku Russian anamutcha wachifundo, ndi imfa yake chinaoneka ngati phiri lalikulu limene akhoza kubweretsa mavuto aakulu. Kodi ndi njira, kudali.

Yobu, amene anaona mfumu tsiku ndi tsiku ndi amene ankamudziwa bwino, anasonyeza kusirira kwa mfumu wamoyo. Mfumu Zikuoneka kuti ife otchuka woona wa chikhulupiriro, ndi zodyetsedwa bwino, moyo wamtendere naye chinaoneka pamene chisomo cha Mulungu, mapemphero ake anatsika pa nthaka Russian. Onse kutsindika kudzipereka imathamangira. Choncho, dzina la Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich anali - Wodala. Ndipo mmodzi wa anthu kumuyandikira akalonga IA Khvorostinin anati chikondi mfumu ya kuwerenga. Yekha atate wake Ivan Grozny, kupanga chifuniro, pamene anali ndi moyo, mwana wamkulu, Ivan, anachenjeza Fedor 15 wazaka ku kupandukira m'bale wake. Koma zonse za chitsiru monga akuyesetsa kuti atchule anthu ena akunja ankadabwa tipite kukamenyana ndi m'bale. Choncho Ivan longoganizira mwana wake sanali simpleton. Anasonyezanso kuti mfumu ndi warlord kwambiri, kutsogolera kampeni ndi asilikali a Sweden. Iye adapakira asilikali Russian, pokhala maganizo athanzi ndipo si wopusa woyera. Kugonjetsedwa kwa asilikali a Sweden mu Livonia nkhondo - kachitidwe lalikulu la Fyodor Ivanovich.

adzalamulire

Godunov ndinali nditaima kumbuyo mpando wachifumu, koma kupatula Iye, otsika kubadwa anali olemekezeka amene Fyodor anali zochita. Ndipo amene akhoza mutasintha Shuiskis, Mstislavskys, Odoevskogo Vorotinsky, Zakharins-Yuryev-Romanov? Only mfumu, amene anali pamwamba pa zonse. Inde, akanatha mu msonkhano Duma wa boyars anabwera pansi wachifumu, stroking mphaka, koma masomphenya ake momveka bwino ndi ozadzidwa ndi nzeru. Wodala Theodore, ankamvetsera mkulu akhoza kuganiza ndi maganizo anu za aliyense chilengedwe cha Mulungu ndi woyenera chikondi, komanso anthu ake, amene asangalala pansi pa iye. Ndipo akalonga akhale osangalala kuti iye sanali flogs mutu mapewa awo, ngati bambo wake. Godunov, kumvetsera maganizo a mfumu, anakhala co-regent chifuniro achifumu. Umaimilira yabwino. Pamodzi iwo nkhani zogwirizana angapo, pamene malamulo a Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich (1584 - 1598).

Kukana ukwati

Sacramenti ya ukwati mfumu ulemu. Ngakhale kuti Mulungu anamupatsa mwana amene anamwalira ali wakhanda, ngakhale malamulo a boyars kuti achotse mkazi wake ndi kukwatira kachiwiri ndi kuyamba olandira yovomerezeka, Mfumu ndinakanitsitsa. Mu malo ichi, kulimba mtima, chifuniro kwake, kuthamanga ochuluka kwambiri anali olemekezeka. chakuti mfumu analibe ana, mwina anafotokoza yaitali anakhala mu pemphero, ndi maulendo kawirikawiri Haji kuti banja anachita wapansi, kumene limodzi ndi alonda ndipo anamuperekeza. Iwo anatsogoleredwa ndi chikhulupiriro ndiponso chiyembekezo.

mabishopu

Atagwa Byzantium, boma Russian inali yaikulu ya onse Orthodox. Koma mutu wa mpingo wa San ankavala mzinda kokha, kumene sikunali kokwanira. Koma ngati mfumu ndikanathera, sangathe zokambirana yaitali, zokhota, kuchititsa zovuta yowawitsa masewera zandale? Iye nthawizonse kupewedwa mavuto a mtundu uwu, monga izo zinali chete ndipo anali ndi mtima wa Chimonko, mmonke amene amakhala kutali ndi za m'dziko. Mbiri analemba kuti mfumuyo, mogwirizana ndi mfumukazi Irina, anayambitsa mfundo yakuti boyars Council pa pabvomelezo la mabishopu a. Ankafunika kuchita chisankho mwayekha. Ndipo munthu adzakhala mu Baibulo choyambirira pa mfundo imeneyi kungakhale, koma anafuulira mfumu yake, ndiyeno pang'onopang'ono, koma anayamba. Panapita zaka zingapo zokambirana ndipo zokhota la Ahelene, kuti zonse zikuthera mogwirizana mfumu mu 1589. Kholo la Moscow ndi onse Russia wakhala Job. Mfumu chidwi ndi mfundo imeneyi, iye anayamba mwambo watsopano ndi zambiri zapamwamba kuposa zinali mwa Agiriki.

Typography mu Moscow

Pempho mwachindunji Fyodor Ivanovich, amati, wabwezeretsedwa ku Moscow yosindikiza nyumba. Bukuli linapangidwa kuti kubalana mabuku a mapemphero, koma anali atayamba kusindikiza. Ndiye izo kukhala, kubweretsa choonadi, mpingo woyamba, kenako aboma. Kodi opusa, anthu opanda nzeru kuika patsogolo lingaliro limenelo? Yankho akusonyeza palokha. Kumene ayi. A buku dziko zofunika. Pamene Fyodor Ivanovich anamanga mizinda, akachisi mchitidwe umenewu, ndi onse kupeza zinafunika kuphunzira, choncho mabuku.

Imfa ya Tsar Fedor Ivanovich

Mfumu, amene anakhalabe pa mpando kwa zaka 13 ndi miyezi isanu ndi iwiri, yaitali anadwala ndipo anamwalira mofulumira. Iye analibe nthawi asanafe kukhala wansembe monga mmene amafunira. Mu moyo wake panali zochita zitatu zazikulu: kukhazikitsidwa kwa mabishopu, ndi kumasula m'mayiko Russian ku ntchito Swedish ndi pomanga Donskoy obisika. Mu izo, iye anatenga kanthu yogwira. Patsalanso bwinobwino mpaka pano, amene anapatsa wachifumu. Mwina palibe wina, Ataganiza kuti "Mulungu adzaweruza." Iye anatenga dziko adatayika ndipo anazisiya wamphamvu kuposa kale, anasamukira popanda malire ake. akuponyedwa "Tsar Cannon" mu izo. Chete, khulupirira kwambiri Providence mfumu Mulungu anaona kuti Ambuye amalamulira dziko wake ndipo ufumu wake. Icho chinali Rurikovich otsiriza, Fedor - mfumu, mbiri ndi ntchito yomwe mwasiya chizindikiro chabwino mu mbiri ya dzikoli.