East European nsanja: mawonekedwe a alili. chuma mchere wa nsanja East European

Ambiri a dera la ku Ulaya la Russia, komanso m'mayiko ena oyandikana m'dera chokhala ya matanthwe a pansi padziko, wotchedwa nsanja East-European. Landform kuno makamaka mosabisa, ngakhale pali kuchotserapo, amene tikukambirana pansipa. nsanja iyi ndi imodzi mwa wamkulu padziko lapansi formations miyala. Tiyeni tione, ndi mpumulo wa East European nsanja, amene mchere waikamo mu izo, komanso Kodi ndondomeko ya mapangidwe ake.

malo Hrs

Choyamba, mukafufuze kumene kwenikweni izi mapangidwe miyala.

East European nsanja wakale, kapena monga iwo ukutchedwa, nsanja Russian, ili mu malo ake apadera a kum'mawa ndi kumpoto Europe. Iwo ali ambiri a mbali European la Russia, komanso gawo la izi maiko oyandikana: Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Finland, Sweden, gawo la Poland, Romania, Kazakhstan ndi Norway.

Mu kumpoto, kumadzulo kwa nsanja East-European wakale chimafikira kwa mapangidwe a Caledonian orogeny mu Norway, pa malire a kummawa mapiri Ural, kumpoto - nyanja Arctic, pa Nyanja kum'mwera Black ndi Nyanja ya Caspian, komanso m'tsinde mwa Carpathians, Crimea ndi Caucasus (Msukuti mbaula).

Malo okwana nsanja ndi za 5500 sq M.. Km.

Mbiri ya

Tectonic landforms East European nsanja ali pakati pa wamkulu mu dziko la formations miyala. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti nsanja ukadali kumeneko mu nthawi chisanadze Mathanthwe.

Isanafike mapangidwe limodzi mayiko Africa Pangea dera la nsanja Russian anali kontinenti osiyana - Baltika. Zotsatirazi kutha kwa Pangea nsanja linali gawo la Laurasia, ndipo pambuyo kulekana kwa yotsirizira - gawo la Europe ndi ku Asia, umene uli lero.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyi, mapangidwe chidafundidwa ndi miyala nyanja kuti anapanga motere mpumulo wa East nsanja European.

nsanja

Ngati nsanja onse akale, m'munsi mwa European East ndi crystalline chapansi. Pamwamba pa izo kwa zaka mamiliyoni kulenga wosanjikiza miyala nyanja. Komabe, m'madera ena, maziko akubwera pamwamba, n'kupanga mapanelo crystalline.

Pa m'dera chishango ndi awiri (kum'mwera - Chiyukireniya chishango kumpoto chakumadzulo - ndi Baltic Chikopa), amene ankaimira pa tectonic mapu mbale.

East European Plain

Kodi mtundu wa pamwamba pa nsanja East-European? landforms ali makamaka akakhala ndi lathyathyathya. Iwo amakhala ndi kusinthana kwa mapiri otsika (200-300 m) ndi otsika. Wapakati okwera pachidikha, ndilo lotchedwa East-European, ndi 170 m.

Kum'mawa kwa Ulaya (kapena Russian) Plain ndi chinthu yaikulu ya mtundu kumveka mu Europe ndi imodzi yaikulu kwambiri mu dziko. Malo ukutchulidwa kwambiri ya m'dziko la nsanja Russian ndipo watsala 4000 sq. M. Km. Iwo umachokera ku Nyanja Baltic ndi Finland ndi kuphatikizapo kumadzulo kwa mapiri a Ural kum'mawa kwa 2500 Km, ndi ku nyanja ya Ocean Arctic kumpoto (Barents ndi White) kwa Black, Caspian ndipo Azov nyanja kum'mwera pa 2700 Km. Pa nthawi yomweyo ndi mbali ya kwambiri ntchito zikuluzikulu, ndilo lotchedwa Great European Plain, anakafika ku nyanja ya Atlantic ndi Pyrenees mapiri France kwa mapiri a Ural. Monga tanena kutalika pafupifupi ya Russian Plain mamita 170, koma mfundo zake apamwamba ukufika mamita 479 pamwamba pa nyanja. Iwo lili Russian Federation Bugulma-Bebeley phiri mu m'tsinde mwa mapiri a Ural.

Komanso, dera la chikopa Chiyukireniya, chomwenso ndi ili m'chigwa Russian, kuchangamuka pali mtundu wa linanena bungwe la miyala crystalline a nsanja zapansi kunja. Zikuphatikizapo Mwachitsanzo, Priazovskaya phiri, chimbuzi cha zomwe (Belmak-kumasiye) mamita 324 pamwamba pa nyanja.

Maziko a Russian Plain ndi East-European nsanja, umene uli wakale kwambiri nyumba tectonic. Ndipo ichi ndi chifukwa lathyathyathya mtunda.

zinthu zina mpumulo

Koma Russian Plain si yekha Hrs gulu limene lili ndi nsanja East-European. Landform pano zimatengera ndi mitundu ina. Izi makamaka khalidwe ku malire nsanja.

Mwachitsanzo, mu kwambiri kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa nsanja mu Norway, Sweden ndi Finland ndi Baltic crystalline chishango. Apa, kum'mwera kwa Sweden, ili Sredneshvedskaya m'zigwa. m'litali kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera ndi ku kummawa mpaka kumadzulo, motero wofanana 200 Km ndi 500 Km. Okwera pano ndi zosakwana 200 m.

Koma kumpoto kwa Sweden ndi Finland inali yachonde Norland. msinkhu wake pazipita mamita 800 pamwamba pa nyanja.

Zomwe zili amakhala ndi yaing'ono malo Norway womwenso nsanja East European. Landform ndiye chimakhala lamapiri khalidwe. Ndipo n'zosadabwitsa, popeza phiri kumadzulo pang'onopang'ono mapiri chenicheni, wodziwika ndi dzina la Scandinavia lapansi. Koma mapiri izi kale lachokera ku orogeny Caledonian, osati zokhudzana mwachindunji amene anafotokozedwa ndi review nsanja monga tikuonera mapu tectonic.

mtsinje

Tsopano tione Madamu zazikulu zomwe zili m'gawo pansi kuphunzira nsanja. Ndipotu, nawonso, ndi yothandiza zinthu.

Mtsinje waukulu wa East nsanja European ndi onse a ku Ulaya ndi Volga. m'litali ndi 3530 Km, ndi dziwe m'dera miliyoni 1,36 sq M.. Km. mtsinje umenewu umayenda kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera, pamene m'mayiko ozungulira kupanga lolingana mitundu floodplain mpumulo Russian. Volga imaphwera m'Nyanja Caspian.

Lina lalikulu mtsinje Russian nsanja ndi Dnieper. m'litali ndi 2287 Km. Iye, ngati Volga, yotsika kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera, koma mosiyana ndi mlongo wake wautali, si kugwa mu Caspian Nyanja ndi Black Sea. Mtsinje umayenda mwa malire a mayiko atatu: Russia, Belarus ndi Ukraine. Ndi pafupifupi theka la m'litali kugwa chimodzimodzi mu Ukraine.

Other lalikulu ndi odziwika mitsinje ya nsanja Russian muyenera kukhala Don (1870 km), Nistru (1,352 km), ndi Bug Kumwera (806 km), Neva (74 km), tributary a Dona Seversky Donets mtsinje (1,053 km), tributary wa Volga Oka (1499 km) ndi Kama (2030 km).

Komanso, ambiri kum'mwera chakumadzulo mbali ya nsanja m'Nyanja Black, mtsinje Danube. Kutalika kwa mtsinje waukulu uwu ndi 2960 Km, koma pafupifupi mwathunthu zimatengera ife kupyola malire a nsanja kuphunzira, ndi kokha m'kamwa mwa Danube lili m'gawo lake.

nyanja

Pali pa dera la nsanja Russian ndi nyanja. Yaikulu ya iwo zili kumpoto kwa Russia. Ndi Europe yaikulu madzi oyera m'nyanja Ladoga (dera 17,9 zikwi sq. Km.) Ndipo Nyanja Onega (9.7 zikwi sq. Km.).

Komanso, kumwera kwa nsanja Russian inali ya Caspian, lomwe Ndipotu, ndi mchere nyanja. Ndi yaikulu madzi thupi lonse kuti alibe mwayi m'nyanja dziko. Malo ndi 371,0 sq M.. Km.

mchere

Tsopano tiyeni tione mchere wa nsanja East European. Matumbo a m'dera lino ali wolemera kwambiri mu mphatso. Choncho, kum'mawa kwa Ukraine ndi kum'mwera chakumadzulo Russia ndi imodzi mwa mabeseni padziko lonse lapansi khala - Donbass.

Pa m'dera la Ukraine komanso ndi Krivoy Rog chitsulo ndi manganese maiwe Nikopol. madipoziti izi imakhudzana ndi mwayi pamwamba pa chishango Chiyukireniya. More masitolo zachitsulo ku dera la Kursk Maginito Anomaly mu Russia. Komabe, palibe chishango anapita kunja, koma zitengere kwambiri padziko.

M'dera la beseni ndi Caspian, komanso Tatarstan, pali madipoziti mwachilungamo yaikulu ya mafuta. Iwo ali mu madera a kum'mwera mafuta ndi gasi dera Ukraine.

Pa Kola Peninsula apatite kuti chakhadzikitsidwa kupanga pamlingo mafakitale.

Ndipotu, izi ndi mchere waukulu nsanja East European.

Dothi la nsanja Russian

Chonde m'nthaka pali East European nsanja? Inde, ndi kudera mmodzi wa dothi kwambiri yachonde dziko. Makamaka mitundu wapatali nthaka ili kum'mwera ndi likulu la Ukraine, komanso m'dera Black Lapansi wa Russia. Iwo amatchedwa wakuda lapansi. Ichi ndi nthaka kwambiri yachonde dziko.

Forest chonde, monga imvi, zomwe zili kumpoto kwa chernozems n'chozama kwambiri.

General maonekedwe a nsanja

Mafomu Russian mpumulo amasiyana kwambiri zosiyanasiyana chachikulu. Pakati pawo malo apadera wotanganidwa ndi zigwa. Monga European East nsanja amalenga Europe yaikulu lathyathyathya zovuta. Only pa periphery angapezeke ndi mkulu yachonde. Ichi ndi chifukwa kunayamba kale nsanja ino, yomwe saalinso njira orogenic ndi weathering ankawachotsera phiri zinalili kuno zaka mamiliyoni ambiri zapitazo.

Derali lili ndi nkhokwe yaikulu mchere. Makamaka m'pofunika kuonetsetsa miyala ya malasha ndi zitsulo, mawu amene nsanja Russian ndi mmodzi wa atsogoleri dziko. Palinso nkhokwe ya mafuta ndi mchere.

Apa ndi khalidwe ambiri zikuoneka kuti European East nsanja, zimachititsa chilumbachi ake, mchere kusungidwa mkati, komanso mbali Hrs a m'deralo. Kumene, dziko lino wolemekezeka, umene amapereka anthu ake zinthu zonse zofunika kuti ngati ikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, adzakhala chinsinsi chitukuko.