Dongosolo la EDI ndi dongosolo la kayendetsedwe ka makompyuta. Kufotokozera, malangizo ndi zolemba

EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) mu Chingerezi imatanthauza "kusinthanitsa deta yamagetsi." Chiwongoladzanja ichi chisanawoneke, ubale wamalonda unapita kutali. Kampani iliyonse yomwe yasankha kulowetsa mauthenga oterewa amatha kugwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi mamembala onse a dongosololi. Kwa njira yotereyi, kuika njira ya EDI mu malonda akufunika.

Kodi cholinga cha kulankhulana kotereku ndi chiyani?

Dongosolo la EDI lingathe kusinthana ndi chidziwitso cha malonda (maulamuliro, kupereka, ndalama zowonjezera, etc.). Izi zimathandizira mgwirizano wofulumira pakati pa makampani okhudzana ndi malonda. Kusinthasintha kwa Dongosolo la Electronic kumaphatikizapo matekinoloje atsopano.

Ubwino wa EDI

Dongosolo loyang'anira EDI liri ndi ubwino angapo:

• Zochita zonse zimachitidwa pazomwe zimangokhalapo, popanda zochedwa ndi zolakwika, mosiyana ndi kulowetsa pamapepala.
• Kugwiritsira ntchito njira zowonjezera kumawonjezereka mwamsanga ndi kulondola kwa kusonkhanitsa deta zofunikira ndikupangitsa mafampani kuganizira mavuto aakulu, m'malo molepheretsa mapepala.
• Wogulitsa aliyense, wothandizira kapena kampani yosungirako zinthu amapanga mgwirizano umodzi wokha. Choncho, pali mwayi wopanda malire wolumikizana ndi ndalama zochepa ndi ophunzira onse. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kayendedwe ka kachitidwe kawo, chiwerengero cha malemba ndi ma qualification sakugwira ntchito.
• Dongosolo la EDI lingathe kuthetsa mikangano yomwe mzake yemwe akunena kuti lamulolo linatumizidwa kwa iwo, ndi lina-kuti silinalandire. Izi ndizofala. Pachifukwa ichi, dongosololi limagwira ntchito zonse ndipo limatha kupereka zambiri zokhudzana ndi zomwe zikuchitika. Izi zimathandiza kuthetsa mkangano mwamsanga.

Nchiyani chimatsimikizira kutsimikizira kwa zolembazo?

EDI ndi dongosolo la kusinthanitsa deta yamagetsi. Ku Ulaya, pulogalamu yake ndi guarantor ya zenizeni zolemba zonse zomwe zikudutsamo. Zolakwitsa sizingatheke. Ngati msonkho uli ndi chidwi ndi mauthenga ena, kuphatikizapo chizindikiro cha VAT, ndiye kuti deta yonse ingathe kuchotsedwe ku magetsi. Ufulu wochita malonda ndi zolemba zamagetsi, osati pamapepala, zimakhazikitsidwa pa msinkhu wa malamulo.

Chitsanzo chowerengera bwino kugwiritsa ntchito EDI

Kodi mphamvu ya EDI ndi yani? Zitsanzo za kuwerengera zimakhala ngati chitsimikizo cha maso.

Ndi zophweka kufotokoza chiwerengero cha mgwirizano wosiyana pakati pa anthu omwe ali nawo payekha.

• Kwa anthu asanu ndi limodzi, izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito: N = 6 x (6-1) / 2 = 15.
• Kwa anthu 100 ogwirizana, kuwerengera ndi: N = 100 x (100-1) / 2 = 4450.

Pamene chiwerengero cha ophunzira chikuwonjezeka, kukula kwa chiwerengerochi kumawonjezereka.

Chiwerengero cha ogwiritsira ndi ofanana ndi chiwerengero cha kusinthanana, mzake amachita mogwirizana ndi malamulo wamba ndipo amagwirizanitsidwa ndi nsanja yofanana. Pachifukwa ichi, njira yogwirizanitsa ena opereka samukondweretsa konse. Wopereka EDI wa chirichonse ali ndi udindo payekha chifukwa cha machitidwe ena a mauthenga.

Tiye tipite patsogolo pakufufuza zachuma. Pachifukwa chomwe tidzatenga malonda a malonda, kutumiza makalata 4000 mwezi. Kukonzekera kwadongosolo kumatenga pafupifupi theka la ora. Magetsi a EDI akhoza kupanga izi maminiti asanu. Ngati bungwe lochita malonda lili ndi opereka zikwi zingapo, ndiye kuti ngakhale theka la ora lomwe likusungidwa ndi wina aliyense limapereka zotsatira.

Kodi abusa amaganiza chiyani pa chipangizo choterechi monga EDI? Ndemanga zovomerezeka zolemba zamakalata zimatamandidwa. Ogwiritsira ntchito amanena kuti ntchito ya chiwembuyo ndi yomveka komanso yosasokonezeka. Popanda dongosolo lotero, zingakhale zovuta kuchita bizinesi mu zamalonda zamakono, kumene miniti iliyonse ili yokwera mtengo.

Odzipereka EDI ku Russia

Mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe a zamalonda m'dziko lathu n'zotheka chifukwa cha machitidwe omwe alipo omwe akupezekapo pamasom'pamaso a EANCOM. Palinso makonzedwe apadziko lonse a zidziwitso ndi opereka chithandizo omwe amasamalira kukhazikitsidwa kwa mapulojekiti onse pa kusinthanitsa malemba.

Mu 2004, Komiti ya ECR-Rus Technology inachititsa msonkho, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti makampani omwe adzalandire ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito makampani ogwiritsa ntchito masinthidwe. Komiti ikufuna kupitirizabe kuchulukitsa chiwerengero cha opereka. Chofunikira chachikulu pa chisankho ndicho kuyendetsa zamagetsi mu utumiki wa EDI, komanso mtengo wa mautumiki operekedwa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.

Ntchito yaikulu ya ECR-Rus ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono za EDI osati pokhapokha pa bizinesi yamakono ndi yaying'ono.

Komiti imatha mgwirizano ndi onse ogwira ntchito, zomwe zimathandiza kuyang'anira ndi kuthandizira miyezo yapamwamba yapamwamba yokhazikitsidwa ndi ECR-Rus.

Udindo wa opereka

Omwe amapereka ma EDI amafunika kuti adziwitse machitidwe awo a IT ndikupatsa wophunzira mwayi wopita kuchipatala chomwe chimakhala ndi machitidwe abwino komanso odalirika. Mapulogalamu a dongosolo ayenera kukhalapo chaka chonse ndi nthawi iliyonse ya tsiku.

Mosiyana ndi machitidwe a IT a makampani ambiri, processing processing amapatsidwa mphamvu osatetezeka, chitetezo chokwanira motsutsana kusokoneza, zitsimikizo za chitetezo cha chidziwitso kwa zovuta zilizonse. Nthaŵi imene chikalatacho chimatumizidwa kuchokera mbali imodzi kupita kwina sayenera kupitirira 10 minutes.

Wothandizira ali ndi udindo pa liwiro la utumiki, amatsimikizira kutumiza mauthenga ndi kufufuza zolakwika mwa iwo. Pankhaniyi, othandizira amalankhulana kudzera pa intaneti, ndipo amatsogolera olankhulana pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito amaperekedwa kudzera pa intaneti ndi ntchito yowonjezera (VAN).

Kusiyanitsa pakati pa chitsanzo cha pakhomo cha kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo kuchokera ku European

EDI ndi dongosolo la kusinthanitsa deta yamagetsi. Kodi dongosololi likugwira ntchito bwanji ku Russia? Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa EDI m'dziko lathu kuli kosiyana kwambiri ndi chitsanzo cha Ulaya ndi America. M'mayiko awa, mawonekedwewa anawonekera m'ma 70s a zaka zapitazo, ndipo apa adayambitsidwa zaka 20 kenako. Choncho, opereka amapereka njira zosiyana zogwirizana zomwe zimadalira mlingo wa IT mu kampani, kuchuluka kwa zilembo zomwe zimatumizidwa ndi zipangizo zoyankhulirana. Izi zimathandiza kampani iliyonse kuthetsa mavuto ake m'njira yabwino. Muyenera kulumikizana ndi kayendedwe ka malamulo anu ndikukhala nawo webusaitiyi yomwe ikuwonetseratu kusinthana kwa zolemba ndi ogwirira nawo ntchito.

Ntchito ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zothetsera vutoli zimagwirizana mosiyanasiyana. Othandizira m'dziko lathu akutumikira makampani akuluakulu ndi aang'ono - ogulitsa ndi makasitomala.

Poyamba, makampani ena omwe ali ndi chiwongola dzanja chachikulu ali ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi mgwirizano ndi EDI wopereka kuti amupatse malipiro a malonda awo payekha kapena amawunikira ndalama zochepa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito intaneti.

Zofunikira zofunika kwa opereka chithandizo

Wogula malonda akupereka zofunikira zake mu mgwirizano wolembedwa. Zimasonyeza nthawi ya utumiki, chithandizo, yankho kwa ofuna chithandizo, ndi kuthetsa zolephera. Mfundo zina zofunika ndizokhazikika.

Kawirikawiri, opereka amapereka ndondomeko zosiyana zogwirizanitsa ndi dongosolo, komanso ma msonkho osiyanasiyana omwe amadalira pa msinkhu wa utumiki wautumiki.

Zofuna za mthengayi zikhoza kukhala zazikulu kuposa zomwe zinapangidwa ndi ECR-Rus.

Mwachitsanzo, kwa makampani akuluakulu, zitsimikizo zimafunikira pakukonzekera ndi kutumiza uthenga, zomwe siziwerengedwa maminiti, koma mphindi. Zimaganizitsa kuti uthenga umodzi sudzatumizidwa kuposa masekondi 10-20.

Zomwe zikuluzikulu za mautumiki azinthu ndi awa:

• Thandizo la mtundu uliwonse wa kutumiza;
• Mtengo wokwanira wa umwini;
• Chitetezo cha kugwirizana;
• Kusagwirizana ndi abwenzi;
• Kuphweka kwa kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza;
• Kuwunika kwa zolemba zomwe zimatumizidwa kudzera mu intaneti;
• Kutembenuzidwa kwa chikalata kuchokera ku mtundu umodzi kupita ku wina;
• Kugwirizana kofulumira kwa abwenzi a bizinesi;
• Kukhazikitsa malo ndi chitukuko cha mapulogalamu a EDI;
• Mapulogalamu othandizira, maphunziro ndi chitukuko cha njira zothetsera;
• Thandizo lamakono la ogwiritsa ntchito.

Chiwopsezo chachikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo

Ngakhale ndi wothandizira wodalirika wa EDI, kusintha kwina kwa mkati ndiko kotheka. Mwachitsanzo, makampani ambiri a ku Russia amagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro za mkati popanda kugwiritsa ntchito code GLN.

Musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito EDI, muyenera kupeza zizindikirozi ndikuziika mu dongosolo. Kuopsa koyambitsa EDI kumadalira kukula kwa IT. Pogwiritsa ntchito scrappy automation, chiopsezo chidzabwera chifukwa chosowa kachitidwe kachitidwe kachitidwe kachitidwe kawirikawiri.

Mavuto a ogulitsa makampani akuluakulu akugwirizana ndi chitukuko chochuluka cha msika wa EDI. Kusweka kwa chitukuko ndi lamulo, ngakhale kuti lamulo lolemba siginito linasankhidwa. Makampani opanga bizinesi ku Russia akuyenera kusunga zonse zolemba pamapepala. Ogwirizanitsa ochokera m'maderawa akuwopa mawonekedwe apakompyuta a kuchita bizinesi ndikukana, osati kugonjera wogulitsa.

Mtengo wa EDI

Malinga ndi mtengo, dongosolo la EDI silingadule mtengo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, popeza linalinganizidwa kuti likhale ndi ndalama zokwanira. Komabe, kwa makampani aang'ono, teknoloji yotereyi ingawoneke yosatheka, ngati siigwiritsidwe ntchito mogwirizana ndi IT, bizinesi yawo si yosiyana. N'zosatheka kuti makampani amenewa adzalandire ndalama pogwiritsa ntchito makina osinthira ma CD.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zikuphatikizapo zogwirira ntchito?

Zomangamanga zimaphatikizapo kujambula, makina, makina. Intaneti pa chitukuko cha makina ophatikizira amapereka mauthenga ambiri otsegulidwa (BITNET, etc.) ndi intracorporate networks (EDI-Express General Electric, IBM Information Exchange Network). Mabanki a zamtunduwu anali kufalikira, omwe anali osiyana mofulumira.

Ndondomeko yotumiza

Kutumiza kudzera kudzera pa imelo, Telnet ndi HTTP. Malamulo ena wamba ndi SMTP, POP3 (ISP), IMAP, HTML.

Gulu lamakonzedwe ka makanema a EDI akhoza kupereka zochitika ndi popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mavomerezedwe ovomerezeka. M'mayiko a ku Ulaya, VPN (Virtual Private Network), FTP (File Transfer Protocol) ndi EDIINT (EDI pa intaneti), komanso ma intaneti okhala ndi zothandiza zina VANs (Value-added Networks) zinakhala njira zogwirizana.

Miyezo iwiri inalengedwanso: AS1, yomwe imalola kupatsirana kwa zikalata za EDI kudzera mu protocol SMTP (e-mail), ndiyomwe AS2, yotumizira kufalitsa pa HTTP.

Mfundo zoyambirira zogwiritsira ntchito EDI dongosolo pa intaneti ndi miyezo AS1 ndi AS2:

• Kubisika kwa chidziwitso kuchokera kunja - kuthekera koti mudziwe zikalatazo ndi wotumiza ndi wolandira yekhayo;
• Kutsimikizika - kutsimikizirika mwa kuwona chizindikiro cha electronic;
• Kudalirika kwa chikalata - chosatheka kusintha zinthu zomwe zilipo popanda kutenga nawo mbali;
• Chidziwitso chodalirika - chosatheka kukana uthenga wovomerezeka.

Zotsatira za XML

Kukula mofulumira kwa intaneti kunakhudza ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri pa intaneti. Zofuna zotsatsa zolemba kudzera pa intaneti zawonjezeka. Ndondomeko ya HTML yasiya kuthetsa zopempha za ophunzira ambiri.

Kodi dongosololi linasinthidwa bwanji? XML EDI inavomerezedwa kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1998 ndi bungwe lapadziko lonse la W3C monga ndondomeko yatsopano.

XML (Chilankhulo Chowonjezera Chakuyimitsa) chinakhala maziko oyambitsa zinenero zatsopano. Palinso ma seva ambiri a pa Intaneti omwe amagwiritsa ntchito teknoloji ya XML kuti apange mfundo zomwe zasungidwa pa iwo.

Kupyolera mu XML, mungathe kufotokozera gulu lonse la zinthu zomwe zalembedwa kuti zikhale zolembedwera kumadera ena. Machitidwewa amachititsa kuti zitheke kudziwa ngati ziloleka kulemba ma tags ndi zikhumbo zawo.

XML inapereka mpata wokopa makasitomala a malonda apakati ndi ang'onoang'ono kumsika wamagetsi. Machitidwe omwe alipo masiku ano a EDI ndi okwera mtengo (kuyambira madola 10,000 mpaka 100,000). Makampani ang'onoang'ono omwe iwo sangakwanitse.

Kufotokozera ndi miyezo

Mbali iyi ikuphatikizapo kufotokozera dongosolo la deta kupyolera mu ma syntax ndi semantics. Nkhani yofunikira ndi kulenga miyezo yolumikiza deta pogwiritsira ntchito zidziwitso za ANSI X.12 zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku USA, UNECE EDIFACT, zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku Ulaya ndi Asia.