DNA Kodi, kodi ntchito yake ndi kufunika kwa zamoyo

DNA - ndi deoxyribonucleic acid, amene amathandiza chitetezo ndi kufala kwa uthengawu ku maselo. Pa kapangidwe ake mfundo encrypted pa kapangidwe ka RNA ndi mapuloteni kwa thupi. Tsegulani nyumba imeneyi Swiss I.Mishlerom mu 1869.

Choyamba, katundu weniweni wa DNA akhala osadziwika. Iye akhapidziwa kuti ndi udindo kukhala thupi la phosphorous ndi katundu popereka mfundo n'komwe, chifukwa onyamula mudziwe cholowa mwamwambo ankaona mapuloteni. Only mu 1944, pambuyo pa mndandanda wa zinthu zatsopano pa kusintha kwa mabakiteriya, chinapezeka kuti DNA, ndi kuzindikiridwa ntchito zake zazikulu. Pambuyo 1952 zokhudza molekyulu ichi unakhala - izo zinadziwika kuti chonyamulira yaikulu yokhudza Kapangidwe ka genotype (chifukwa cha chibadwa mu chamoyo), koma samadziwa kalikonse pa nthawi ya kapangidwe kwake, kapangidwe ka DNA sanali inalembedwa.

akuphatikizapo maselo anali kuwerenga mu 1953 ndi James Watson ndipo Francis Crick. Iwo anatsimikiza kuti DNA - molekyulu kupanga helix awiri wopangidwa mwa magulu deoxyribose ndi mankwala, kuti kumumanga nitrogenous zapansi - adenine, cytosine, guanine ndi thymine.

Tikumbukenso kuti kuphatikiza kwa mfundo zimenezi ali ndi ndondomeko zodziwika bwino - adenine chimamanga yekha ndi thymine ndi guanine ndi cytosine, amene amaonetsetsa lolondola ndi zolondola kudziletsa kugawanika kwa DNA malinga ndi mfundo za mapolojekiti ndi mmodzi wa bulanchi ake mizere yozungulira.

Chotero chizindikiritso bwino dongosolo ndi maselo kwathandiza kumvetsa bwino zimene DNA - kapangidwe kuti kusungabe malamulo opanga khalidwe ndi maziko a chibadwa mwa zamoyo zonse, kuphatikizapo eukaryotes ndi ena mavairasi.

Ndondomekozi majini awasungira monga nyukiliotayidi ndondomeko yeniyeni. Motero, aliyense mapuloteni kwa amino asidi ndiyotengera ndi nucleotides atatu ndi asidi zinayendera ndi mbewu.

Ngati kusintha kulikonse zimachitika kapangidwe ka DNA mfundo kusintha kapena mbewu. Point mutational kusintha kapangidwe ndi maselo ndi chintchito, amene n'zosavuta kudziwa ndi kusanthula amuzolengedwa kapena hybridological. Gene masinthidwe zimachitika pamene kusintha interleaving nucleotides, yomwe ndi chotsatira njira monga kusintha, transversions, mayikidwe kapena imfa ya awiriawiri munthu m'munsi, zimene zimaipitsa kugwira ntchito ndi katundu wa DNA.

Ngati kusintha structural kuyambitsa kupotozedwa a mbali yofunika ya polypeptide mu chamoyo pali kuswa, zomwe kudziwa kuphwanya wa chitukuko cha zamoyo, komanso kuonongeka kwawo. Mwachitsanzo, masinthidwe angayambe ngakhale pa chitukuko yoopsa, kuchititsa kubadwa kwa ana akufa kapena osakhala yotheka. Komanso, kuyan'anila ngati ali pa mtima vuto ambiri kubadwa amene akhoza zimafalitsidwa kwa mibadwo ya m'tsogolo.

Kuti adzimvera, Ndizachidziwikire kuti DNA kuti ndi - ndi dongosolo lofunika kwambiri kwa uthengawu ku maselo, umene uli mbali yaikulu ya DNA. Komanso, DNA - asidi, amene ndi udindo ndikukhazikitsa mfundo majini ndi kugwira ntchito zamoyo.